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Mountain Building Study Guide Name ________________________________________________________________ Answer the following in complete sentences unless it is asking for a list or there is only one line to write on. 1. Describe completely the following folds: a. Anticline ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ b. Syncline ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What causes a fold to occur in the rock layer? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What places stress on the rocks of tectonic plates? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is meant by the term deformation? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. If the geology of an area is dominated by tensional tectonic forces, what two types of mountains would you expect to find? ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Describe completely the following types of faults: a. Strike-slip fault ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ b. Normal fault ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ c. Reverse fault ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 7. Explain completely the following terms in regards to faults: a. Shear stress ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ b. Tension ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ c. Compression ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 8. What is meant by the term “failed rift system”? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Over long periods of time, tectonic forces can cause rocks to fold. What kind of stress causes folding? ________________________________________________________________________ 10.Describe the following types of mountains completely. Be sure to explain how they are formed and what tectonic plate boundaries they are usually associated with. a. Folded mountains ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ b. Volcanic mountains ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ c. Fault-block mountains ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 11.What happens to rocks during deformation? ________________________________________________________________________ 12.Explain the following terms: a. Fault Plane ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ b. Hanging Wall ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ c. Foot Wall ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 13.What happens when stress causes a normal fault? ________________________________________________________________________ 14.What kind of movement occurs along a reverse fault? ________________________________________________________________________ 15.In an anticline, where are the youngest and oldest layers of rock found? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 16.In a syncline, where are the youngest and oldest layers of rock found? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17.Explain how forces from tectonic plate movement can build these three types of mountains : folded mountains, fault-block mountains, and volcanic mountains.