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1/28/2015 WWII Review 1939-1945 The United State Involvement At the beginning of the war, the U.S. remained neutral and took a stance of isolationism. Dec 7, 1941, Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, brought the U.S. into the war. The U.S. played a crucial role in defeating the Axis Powers (Japan, Germany, and Italy) Because of the role the U.S. played in WWII, they emerged as a superpower and the most powerful nation in the world after the war. 1 1/28/2015 The U.S. At Home The United States converted its industry into full war production. They had a head start because of the Lend-Lease Program they had with Great Britain and other European countries. Groups like the Merchant Marines contributed with the use of their “Liberty” cargo ships. Flying Tigers - former U.S. pilots who joined the Chinese Air Force to help fight Japan before the U.S. entered World War II. Tuskegee Airmen- the first African American pilots who flew in World War II. Navajo Code Talkers- Navajo Indians who were enlisted to encode, transmit, and decode messages for the U.S. Army. The code was never broken by Germany or Japan. Key Events Dec. 7, 1941 - Bombing of Pearl Harbor draws U.S. into war. 1942 -Battle of Midway - Japanese lost four aircraft carriers. Turns the advantage to the U.S. in the Pacific Theatre. 1943 - MacArthur returns to the Philippines June 6, 1944 – D-Day invasion (also called Operation Overlord) begins. Allied troops invade German occupied Normandy, France from across the English Channel. Battle of the Bulge - The German counter-offensive to try and stop Allied advancement towards Germany. Ultimately unsuccessful. The Big 3(Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin) meet at Yalta to talk about how Germany will be divided after the war. Victory on the island of Iwo Jima. Vice-President Harry S. Truman becomes President after Franklin D. Roosevelt's death. Potsdam Conference – Truman, Churchill, Stalin determined the four occupation zones of Germany, Poland’s boundaries, and a proclamation from the U.S. to Japan demanding Japan’s unconditional surrender or face more severe attacks. Also, US discloses the new Atomic Bomb to Stalin. Dropping of Atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Japanese formally surrender aboard the battleship, U.S. Missouri. 2 1/28/2015 Damage Countries close to the Axis Powers, such as Poland, suffered the greatest loss in life due to proximity to the battle. Countries that were not directly attacked but involved, such as India and Czechoslovakia did not have as many causalities. Potsdam Conference leads to Germany being split into four zones and monitored by the French, U.S., Great Britain, and U.S.S.R. Holocaust killed millions of people of Jewish origin because the Nazi’s believed the Nazis were a more superior race. Germany’s fighting a two front war hastened their defeat. Leaders of WWII Dwight D. Eisenhower (“Ike”)- Allied Commander in Europe. Later became President of the U.S. George Marshall- Army Chief of Staff who coordinated the war effort from Washington D.C. George S. Patton (“Old Blood and Guts”)- Brilliant U.S. tank commander who led the 3rd army, who had sweeping success in North Africa and Italy and led in the final assault in Germany. Omar Bradley (“GI General”) – Commanded the 12th Army Groups – the largest command in US history 3