Download Chapter 6 Review – Earthquakes

Chapter 6 Review – Earthquakes
Circle the response that best answers the question.
1. Which scale measures earthquakes according to the
strength of ground motion in a given place?
Celsius scale
Mercalli scale
moment magnitude scale
Richter scale
8. An earthquake on the ocean floor may cause
a deep-ocean trench.
a rift valley.
sea-floor spreading.
a tsunami.
2. Which of the following devices would be used to
measure horizontal movement along the ground?
tiltmeter
laser-ranging device
creep meter
seismograph
3. The stress force that stretches rock so that it
becomes thinner in the middle is called
shearing.
tension.
compression.
deformation.
4. A fault-block mountain forms
when normal faults uplift a block of rock.
when reverse faults compress a block of rock.
after shearing creates strike-slip faults.
after a strike-slip fault turns into a reverse fault.
5. A fold in rock that bends into an arch is called a(n)
anticline.
syncline.
plateau.
fault block.
6. The seismic waves that arrive first are
S waves.
P waves.
Mercalli waves.
surface waves.
7. A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to
the footwall is called a
strike-slip fault.
reverse fault.
hanging fault.
normal fault.
9. Which of the following is NOT a property of surface
waves?
They move more slowly than P waves and S waves.
They are the first waves produced by an earthquake.
They only move on Earth's surface.
They can roll the ground like ocean waves.
10. Normal faults are caused by
transform boundaries.
shearing.
compression forces.
tension forces.
Reviewing Key Terms
If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
1. Liquefaction forces squeeze or pull the rock in Earth’s crust.
2. Rock uplifted by normal faults creates fault-block mountains.
3. An earthquake’s epicenter is located deep underground.
4. As S waves move through the ground, they cause it to compress and then expand.
5. Tsunamis are triggered by earthquakes originating beneath the ocean floor.
Checking Concepts
6. What process causes stress in Earth’s crust?
7. Explain how a fault-block mountain forms.
8. What type of stress in the crust results in the formation of folded mountains? Explain.
9. What are plateaus and how do they form?
10. Describe what happens along a fault beneath Earth’s surface when an earthquake occurs.
11. How is the amount of energy released by an earthquake related to its magnitude?
12. What does the height of the jagged lines on a seismogram indicate?
13. How can homes and other structures be protected from liquefaction?
Thinking Critically
·
Look at the diagram of a fault below. Describe how the hanging wall moves in relation to the footwall. What kind
of fault is this?
·
A geologist has data about an earthquake from two seismographic stations. Is this enough information to
determine the location of the epicenter? Why or why not?
·
A community has just built a street across a strike-slip fault that has frequent earthquakes. How will movement
along the fault affect the street?
·
How can filled land and loose, soft soil affect the amount of damage caused by an earthquake? Explain.
Applying Skills
Use the graph to answer Questions below.
·
In what order did the seismic waves arrive at the
seismograph station?
·
Which type of seismic wave produced the largest
ground movement?
·
What was the difference in arrival times for the P waves and S waves?
·
What would the seismogram look like several hours after this earthquake? How would it
change if an aftershock occurred?