Download EMR, Telescopes, Stars, Solar System study guide `14-15

Study Guide for Quiz on EMR, Telescopes, Stars, and the Solar System – Part 1
Closed-Notes Quiz on Thursday, January 22, 2014
EMR and telescopes – Pages 118-124, “Electromagnetic Radiation and Telescopes” notes
• Know that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) travels in waves.
• Know the meaning of wavelength.
• Know that white light is the mixture of all the colors in the visible spectrum.
• Know the colors of the spectrum of visible light and the relative wavelengths of them (red long to
violet short) and energy (red low to violet high).
• Know the three main types of electromagnetic radiation from the sun and their relative wavelengths
(longest to shortest) and energies (highest to lowest): infrared (IR), visible, ultraviolet (UV).
• Know the difference between a refracting telescope (lens) and reflecting telescope (mirror).
• Know why it is better to have optical telescopes on mountain-tops or in space.
• Know why some types of telescopes can only work in space.
Characteristics of Stars – Pages 127-133, “Section 4-2: Characteristics of Stars” notes, H-R Diagram.
• Surface temperature – know that color indicates surface temperature and know the order of colors
from hottest to coolest
• Sizes of stars – know the size-order of the 5 different star types – you do not need to memorize the
actual sizes
• Composition – know what stars are mainly made of and that we use a spectrograph to identify
elements in a star
• Brightness – know the difference between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude
• Light-Year - know definition (a measurement of distance, not time) - you do not need to memorize
the actual number; know that stars (other than our sun) are a few to many light years away from
Earth – so the light we receive from a star that is 8.6 light years away is really 8.6 years old
• Parallax – know what it is and how it is used to measure distances to stars
• Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram – know how to read and interpret this diagram
• Nuclear fusion – know the definition and understand how it relates to stars. Remember that in
E = mc2, E = energy, m = mass and c = speed of light.
Star Life Cycle – pages 137-140, Fill in blank Notes of Life Cycle of Stars (to be done)
• know that the starting mass of a star determines its life cycle
• know the order of the stages in the life cycle of a low or medium mass star and a high mass star
(Be able to fill in the blank steps of the life cycle diagram along with descriptions.)
•
The Formation of the Solar System – page 151, cartoon notes (to be done)
• understand the basic steps of how our sun and rest of solar system formed (cartoon notes)
• understand why the inner planets are different from the outer planets (compositions, sizes)
Practice Quiz on EMR, Telescopes, Stars, and the Solar System – Part 1
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
1. a) List the following in order of wavelength from longest to shortest. Write the letter pair for each in
the spaces below in the correct order. For example, use “B/V” for “blue and violet” together.
B/V – blue and violet
______
Longest
Wavelength
______
IR – infrared
______
R/O – red and orange
UV – ultraviolet
______
Shortest
Wavelength
b) Which of the ones above are part of visible light? _______________________________
c) Which of the ones above has the highest energy? _______
2. The distance from one crest of a wave to the next crest of the wave is the ____________________.
3. Blue light has ____________________ wavelengths and _________________ energy than red light.
Characteristics of Stars
1. The color of a star is an indicator of its surface ___________________________.
2. A blue star is _____________________ than a red star.
3. Stars with the coolest surface temperatures are the color ________________.
4. A star’s brightness as seen from Earth is called its ___________________________________.
5. A star’s ___________________________________________ is the actual amount of light that a
star gives off as would be seen from a standard distance.
6. Star A has a greater absolute brightness than star B, yet star B has a greater apparent brightness than
star A, because star B is __________________________ Earth than star A.
7. List the five colors of stars in order from hottest 8. List the five types of stars in order from the
surface at the top to coolest at the bottom:
largest at the top to the smallest at the bottom:
Hottest: ___________________________
Largest: ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Coolest: ___________________________
Smallest: ___________________________
9. The distance that light travels in a year is known as a _________________________.
10. The time it takes light from a star 100 light years away to reach Earth is ___________________.
11. Parallax is used to find the ____________________________ to nearby stars.
12. Astronomers use a ____________________ to break white light up into its characteristic colors.
13. Lines in a spectrum are used to find which ________________________ are in a star.
14. Main sequence stars are mainly made of the elements ________________ and _____________.
15. In the core of the sun nuclei of the element ________________ are joined together to form nuclei
of the element ______________. This process is called _________________________, It releases
huge amounts of ________________that powers stars by converting _______________ to energy.
16. In E=mc2 E is _____________, m is _____________ and c is ___________________________.
Use the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram from the homework sheet or page 132 for questions 17-20:
17. In a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram the properties of stars that are graphed are
____________________________ and _______________________________.
18. The kind of star that has a surface temperature of 3000 ºC and a luminosity of 105 suns is
_________________________. (105 suns is near the top of Figure 10 on page 132.)
19. White dwarfs have _____________________ surface temperature and _____________________
luminosity than red giants.
20. As surface temperature of main-sequence stars increases, their luminosity _________________.