Download Environmental Science: A Global Concern Cunningham

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Advanced Placement*
CORRELATION GUIDE
Environmental Science: A Global Concern
By William P. Cunningham and Mary Ann Cunningham
13th Edition, © 2015
ISBN 978-0-02-136456-5
Based on College Board Course Description: AP Environmental Science Fall 2013
*Advanced Placement Program and AP* are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in
the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th
Advanced Placement Correlation Guide –Topic Outline
Environmental Science: A Global Concern, (13e)
by William P. Cunningham & Mary Ann Cunningham
AP Environmental Science Correlation
Topic
I. Earth Systems and Resources
(10-15%)
A. Earth Science Concepts
Geological time scale
Plate tectonics, earthquakes,
volcanism
Seasons
Solar intensity and latitude
B. The Atmosphere
Composition
Structure
Weather and climate
Atmospheric circulations and the
Coriolis Effect
Atmosphere-ocean interactions
ENSO
C. Global Water Resources and Use
Freshwater/saltwater
Ocean circulation
Agricultural, industrial and domestic
use
Surface and groundwater issues
Global problems
Conservation
D. Soil and Soil Dynamics
Rock Cycle
Formation
Composition
Physical and chemical properties
Main soil types
Erosion and other soil problems
Soil conservation
II. The Living World (10-15%)
A. Ecosystem Structure
Biological populations and
communities
Ecological niches
Interactions among species
Keystone species
Species diversity and edge effects
Major terrestrial and aquatic biomes
Pages
232, 299, 302-303,
300-303, 311-314
329
323-324
321-323
321-325
103-107, 324-331
324-326
324-331
331
55, 376-381
326-327, 378-379
375, 383-385
375, 387-390
16, 381-392
392-396
300-304
303-304
199-202
199-202
199-200
203-207
205-210
77-96
77-87
77-96, 126-127
87
91-93
99-116, 251-252
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th
B. Energy Flow
Photosynthesis and cellular
respiration
Food webs and trophic levels
Ecological pyramids
C. Ecosystem Diversity
Biodiversity
Natural selection
Evolution
Ecosystem services
D. Natural Ecosystem Change
Climate shifts
Species movement
Ecological succession
E. Natural Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfer
Water
Conservation of matter
III. Population (10-15%)
A. Population Biology Concepts
Population ecology
Carrying capacity
Reproductive strategies
Survivorship
B. Human Population
1. Human Population Dynamics
Historical population sizes
Distribution
Fertility rates
Growth rates and doubling times
Demographic transition
Age-structure diagrams
2. Population size
Strategies for sustainability
Case Studies
National policies
3. Impacts of population growth
Hunger
Disease
Economic effects
Resource use
Habitat destruction
58-66, 88-89
58-66
58-66
75-96, 128-129, 225-248
75-81, 128-129
75-81, 128-129
87, 110-114, 230-232, 252-254, 521-522
94-96
94-96
94-96
56-69
56-61, 69-70
56-61, 70-71
56-59
55, 66-67
53, 61
118-131
121-124
120-124
124-125
15,135-138
138-141
17, 137-142, 150-152
17, 120-121, 135-137, 144-146
146-148
145-146
134, 143, 150-151
134, 143
134, 143
16, 24, 138, 143, 182-183
17, 24, 140
15, 17, 138-144
18, 24-25, 138-139, 149
114-115, 198-199, 237
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th
IV. Land and Water Use (10-15%)
A. Agriculture
1. Feeding a growing population
Human nutritional requirements
Types of agriculture
Green Revolution
Genetic engineering and crop
production
Deforestation
Irrigation
Sustainable agriculture
2. Controlling pests
Types of pesticides
Cost and benefits of pesticides
use
Integrated pest management
Relevant laws
B. Forestry
Tree plantations
Old growth forests
Forest fires
Forest management
National forest
C. Rangelands
Overgrazing
Deforestation
Desertification
Rangeland management
Federal rangelands
D. Other land use
1. Urban land development
Planned development
Suburban sprawl
Urbanization
2. Transportation infrastructure
Federal Highway systems
Canals and channels
Road less areas
Ecosystem impacts
3. Public and federal lands
Management
Wilderness areas
National parks
Wildlife refuges
Forests
Wetlands
181-188
190-193, 198, 205-207
190-193
191-198
254-255
206-207
180-181, 189-195, 207-210, 217-222
192-193, 210-217
81, 191, 210-212
220
193-195, 210-217
253, 280
252
255-259, 281-284
18, 21, 250-260
21, 258-260
251, 260-262
251
252, 260-262
261-262
260-262
496-513
496, 500, 505-513, 556-558
497-500, 503-507
498-507
506-508
287-292
258
287-295, 506-508
21, 226, 252-254, 262-271
21, 263-264
21, 264-268
21, 263-264
21, 226,224
21, 287-294
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th
4. Land conservation options
Preservation
Remediation
Mitigation
Restoration
5. Sustainable land-use strategies
E. Mining
Mineral formation
Extraction
Global reserves
Relevant laws and treaties
F. Fishing
Fishing techniques
Over fishing
Aquaculture
Relevant laws and treaties
G. Global Economics
Globalization
World Bank
Tragedy of the Commons
Relevant laws and treaties
V. Energy Resources and Consumption
(10-15%)
A. Energy Concepts
Energy forms
Power
Units
Conversions
Laws of Thermodynamics
B. Energy Consumption
History
Industrial Revolution
Exponential growth
Energy crisis
Present global energy use
Future energy needs
C. Fossil fuel resources and use
Formation of coal, oil, and natural
gas
Extraction/purification methods
World reserves and global demand
Synfuels
Environmental
advantages/disadvantages of
sources
263-271
276-277
267-277, 291-292
52-53, 253, 273-296, 309-310
18-30, 273-296
304-306
299, 307-311, 429
306, 428-429
295-296, 309-312
188
119, 188
188
240, 543-547, 553-555
23-29
24, 531-532
28, 524
530-531
13, 58, 426-427
426-427
58, 426-427
58, 426-427
58-59
13, 426-428
426
13, 427-428
427
13, 427-428
13, 16, 427-428
305-307, 428-438
299, 308-311, 428-438
13, 427-438
13, 464-468
13, 22, 299, 308-311, 428-438
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th
D. Nuclear energy
Nuclear fission process
Nuclear fuel
Electricity production
Nuclear reactor types
Environmental
advantages/disadvantages
Safety issues
Radiation and human health
Radioactive wastes
Nuclear fusion
E. Hydroelectric power
Dams
Flood control
Salmon
Silting
Other impacts
F. Energy conservation
Energy efficiency
CAFÉ standards (Corporate Average
Fuel Economy)
Hybrid electric vehicles
Mass transit
G. Renewable energy
Solar energy
Solar electricity
Hydrogen fuel cells
Biomass
Wind energy
Small-scale hydroelectric
Ocean waves and tidal energy
Geothermal
Environmental
advantages/disadvantages
VI. Pollution (25-30%)
A. Pollution types
1. Air pollution
Sources- primary and
secondary
Major air pollutants
Measurement units
Smog
Acid deposition- causes and
effects
Heat islands and temperature
inversions
Indoor air pollution
439-440
439-440
439-446
439-446
313-314, 440-446
313-314, 440-446
439-440, 442
442-443
444
274, 375, 388-390
274, 388-390
274, 388-390
274, 375, 388-390
274, 375, 388-390
450-454
452
452-453
507-508
13, 60, 449, 454-459
13, 449, 456-459
461-462
461-469
13, 459-461
468-470
470-471
470
13, 450-473
349-355
349-355
349-355
348, 355, 366
365-366
359-360
163-164, 358-359
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th
Remediation and reduction
strategies
Clean Air Act and other relevant
laws
2. Noise pollution
Sources
Effects
Control Measures
3. Water pollution
Types
Sources, causes and effects
Culture eutrophication
Groundwater pollution
Maintaining water quality
Water purification
Sewage treatment/septic
systems
Clean Water Act and other
relevant laws
4. Solid Waste
Types
Disposal
Reduction
B. Impacts on the environment and
human health
1. Hazards to human health
Environmental risks analysis
Acute and chronic effects
Dose-response relationships
Air pollutants
Smoking and other risks
2. Hazardous chemicals in the
environment
Types of hazardous waste
Treatment/disposal of
hazardous waste
Cleanup of contaminated sites
Biomagnifications
Relevant laws
C. Economic impacts
Cost-benefit analysis
Externalities
Marginal costs
Sustainability
367-372
349-350, 367-372, 543-547, 553-555
358
358
496
3, 399-416
206, 399-416, 475
52-53, 207, 402-406
412-414
217, 408-422
416-420
416-420
399, 420-422, 543-547, 553-555
475-481
476-481
481-485
165-176
16-17, 154-167, 170-171, 216
155, 165-172
363-364
158-165, 172-176, 364
165, 485-488
32-33, 485-493
162, 294, 486-492
165-167, 211-213, 355-356
162, 171, 355-356, 486-490, 543-547
13, 188-189, 542
13, 189, 214-216, 519-522
519-522
23, 175-176, 516-537
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th
VII. Global Change (10-15%)
A. Stratospheric ozone
Formation of stratospheric ozone
Ultraviolet radiation
Causes of ozone depletion
Effects of ozone depletion
Strategies for reducing ozone
depletion
Relevant laws and treaties
B. Global warming
Greenhouse gases and the
greenhouse effect
Impacts and consequences of global
warming
Reducing climate change
Relevant laws and treaties
C. Loss of biodiversity
1. Habitat loss
Overuse
Pollution
Introduced species
Endangered and extinct species
2. Maintenance through
conservation
3. Relevant laws and treaties
322
60, 322
322, 357, 361-362
357-361
357
357, 362, 543-547, 553-555
15, 324-325, 332-335, 356-357
15, 161, 332-339, 390-392
20, 319-321, 339-344, 356-357
20, 340-343, 356-357
110-115, 237-238
236-237
16, 92, 96, 234-236, 238-239
16, 128-131, 229-232, 239-240
20-22, 31-32, 130-131, 238-246, 255260
20, 226, 239-245, 255-260, 540-547,
553-555
Environmental Science: A Global Concern (Cunningham), 13th