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Download Clouds Clouds Rising Air Rising Air Rising Air Water vapor needs
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Clouds Chapter 9 continued Clouds •a visible_________ of tiny ______ droplets and/or _____ crystals __________ in the atmosphere –sometimes accompanied by precipitation Rising Air •a ______ __________ in the production of clouds and precipitation Rising Air •Air parcel expands as it rises •Expansion of parcel against neighboring parcels of air requires energy •Temperature decreases Rising Air •Relative humidity reaches 100% •Water vapor condenses Water vapor needs something to condense upon! Condensation Nuclei •Tiny particles such as tiny dust, smoke, soot, and salt crystals that are suspended in the air on which water condenses Condensation Nuclei •Water vapor molecules condense on nuclei –Other water vapor molecules join in –droplet increases in volume •Cloud droplet –0.02 mm - 0.1 mm Fog •A ________ that forms at or near the ________ ________ •usually associated with ______ and _______ weather Fog Formation •Saturated Air –cooling of air to the dewpoint –evaporating moisture into the air and increasing its water vapor content Kinds of Fog •__________ Fog (Know how this forms) –Warm, moist air from the South –Air flows over cool soil or snow –Surface cools air, water vapor condenses _______ Fog (Know how this forms) •forms below raining clouds –rain or snow falls into drier air •some water evaporates –heat loss •cooler temps cause condensation _________ Fog (Know how this forms) (_______ fog) •Clear, calm (no wind), Fall nights •Ground cools •Water vapor condenses •Hugs ground (~100 feet thick) •“________” off ______ Fog •Steamy look that air blows across them ponds, lakes and rivers take on when chilly ______ Fog (Know how this forms) •Cold, dry air blows over warmer water •Some water evaporates into the lower layers of the air •air is warmed by the warm water ______ Fog •The warmed air rises, and mixes with colder air •Water vapor condenses •Common in Fall –water still warm _______ Fog •Long-lasting thick fog in mountain valleys (winter) –~1500 feet thick •No burn-off Cloud Formation •___________ •__________ •__________ ________ Formation of Clouds •____________ –_________l(bubbles of hot air)_______ high enough to reach ___________ –Cloud evaporates when thermals cease –More ___________ aligned Cloud formed by Convection _________ •___________ Ranges •Produces ___________ clouds Orographic clouds •Air confronted by mountain is lifted up •Air cools as it rises •Condensation occurs and cloud forms _______ ________ •Advancing _______ Front –colder, denser air mass lifts the warm, moist air ahead of it –warm air rises and condenses –steep slope leads to __________ (sometimes _________) Frontal Boundaries •_________ Front –warm, less dense air rises up and over the colder air ahead of the front –gentler slopes and slower –______ _________ over larger areas Types of Clouds _________ Clouds •below 6,500 feet •usually composed of _________ ________ droplets ___________ Clouds •Found between 6,500 and 23,000 feet •Liquid droplets –summer •names are preceded by an ”_______" prefix __________ clouds •above 20,000 feet •composed of ______ crystals •thin and wispy •names are preceded by a ”_______” prefix Cloud Classification Latin Root _________ ________ _________ __________ Translation heap layer curl of hair rain Cirrus •Above 20,000 feet •Indicate _______ _______ conditions •high level cloud Nimbostratus •dark, low-level clouds •_______ to moderately falling __________ Altocumulus •Parallel bands or rounded masses •Formed by convection or advancing cold front •Appear on summer morning; expect __________ _________ •mid level cloud Stratocumulus •low, lumpy layer of clouds •weak intensity precipitation •low level clouds Fair Weather Cumulus Clouds •Puffy ______ ______ floating in the sky •lifetime of 5-40 minutes •Can transform into severe thunderstorm clouds •__________ development Cumulonimbus •Reach high into the atmosphere –towers or squall lines –39,000 feet •Fueled by vigorous convective updrafts •Associated with __________ •vertical development
