Download Mitosis, Stem Cells and Cancer Unit Study Guide Name 1. What is

Mitosis, Stem Cells and Cancer Unit Study Guide
Name
1. What is the goal of mitotic (mitosis) cell division?
2. What are three reasons cells go through cell division?
3. After interphase, what is the order of mitosis?
4. DNA replicates during
of the cell cycle
5. Label the cell cycle phases below
ACTIVE CELL DIVISION
Phase
Label
Important
Events
*DNA
*replicated
Cell grows
6. What is a sister chromatid?
7. Describe how sister chromatids separate using the terms centriole, centromere, and spindle fibers.
8. The cell to the right shows 6 sister chromatids, which are exact copies of the chromosomes. If
there are 6 sister chromatids, how many chromosomes would be present in the parent cell
before DNA is replicated?
How many chromosomes are present in each of the two
daughter cells?
9. What is a definition of cancer?
10. What risk factors may increase the risk of developing cancer?
11. We learned that cancer is generally the result of cell cycle control points not working properly. The group of
proteins that send the message to cells to divide or stop diving are known as
.
12. How do oncogenes contribute to cancer? Explain using 2 or 3 sentences.
13. How do tumor suppressor genes function normally?
14. What happens to tumor suppressor genes, such as the p53 gene, when they malfunction?
15. Explain the difference between inherited cancer and cancers resulting in damage to DNA due to lifestyle choices.
Which is more common-genetic inherited or lifestyle influenced cancer?
16. What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
17. What is the most common cancer in the United States?
18. What risk factor contributes to the high rate of (#17) cancer?
19. List 5 risk factors you can control to decrease your risk of developing cancer.
20. Cells divide at varying rates. For example skin cells and gastrointestinal tract cells divide often; whereas, nerve
cells, heart cells, and muscle cells rarely divide. Using this information and the your knowledge that cancer is
uncontrolled cell growth, explain why muscle, heart, and nerve cancer is extremely rare.
Note: Most brain cancer happens in the connective or surrounding tissue of the nerves. – Same with muscle and heart.
21. The name of the term where cancer cells signal the growth of blood vessels to them is known as
.
22. This angiogenesis allows a transport system for cancer cells to spread to other locaitons of the body. The
spreading is known as
. Cancers with the ability to spread to other tissues are
; whereas cancers that cannot spread to other locations are known as
.
23. What risk factor increase the chance of developing skin cancer?
24. What do each of the letters stand for when assessing the potential of a mole to be melanoma skin cancer?
A
B
C
D
E
25. What does the term undifferentiated mean?
26. What is a stem cell?
27. Define the term totipotent.
28. Define the term pluripotent.
29. Why are stem cells important to the future of the treatment of disease?
30. What are three diseases or conditions that could benefit from stem cell therapy? Think about cell types that do
not divide regularly such as heart, nerve, or muscle.