Download Unit Test Study Guide: Earthquakes, Mountains and Volcanos This

Unit Test Study Guide: Earthquakes, Mountains and Volcanos
This study guide does NOT represent all of the material you need to know for the test. It summarizes the key points and
should serve as a guide for what to study.
Vocabulary
Know the definitions of the following vocabulary terms:
Fault
Epicenter
Stress
Seismograph
Earthquake
Aftershock
Seismic Wave
Liquefaction
Focus
Tsunami
Folded Mountain
Fault-Block Mountain
Volcano
Lava
Pyroclastic Flow
Acid Rain
Geyser
Know the following…
1. A seismograph is used to measure and record earthquakes.
2. Earthquakes occur when movement along a fault is quick and sudden.
3. The strength of an earthquake depends on how much stress has built up and the distance over which blocks
of rock move.
4. Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries.
5. A fault is classified by the directions in which rocks move along it.
6. Reverse faults are the result of stress that pushes rocks together.
7. Normal faults are the result of stress that pulls rocks apart.
8. Strike-slip faults are the result of stress that pushes rocks horizontally.
9. Divergent boundaries tend to have normal faults.
10. Convergent boundaries tend to have reverse faults.
11. Transform boundaries tend to have strike-slip faults.
12. Deep focus earthquakes cause less damage than shallow focus earthquakes.
13. Primary waves are the first seismic waves to arrive during an earthquake.
14. Secondary seismic waves can only travel through solids.
15. Primary waves are also called P-waves
16. Primary waves are the fastest of the seismic waves.
17. Primary waves move with a push and pull motion.
18. Secondary waves are also called S-waves.
19. Surface waves move only along the surface of Earth.
20. Surface waves are the most destructive of the seismic waves.
21. Seismograms from 3 seismic stations are needed to find the location of an earthquake’s epicenter.
22. Folded mountain belts form at continental-continental collision zones.
23. There are 3 steps to forming a folded mountain:
a. Convergent Boundary Develops
b. Continental-Continental Collision Begins
c. Collision Continues
24. Fault-block mountains form when the lithosphere stretches apart along normal faults.
25. There are 2 steps to forming a fault block mountain:
a. Stretching Begins
b. Blocks of Rock Tilt or Drop Down
26. Rising temperatures in volcanic lakes might indicate that a volcanic eruption is going to take place.
27. Pyroclastic flows are dangerous because of their speed and temperature.
28. Shield volcanoes are shaped like a broad, flat dome.
29. Shield volcanos erupt magma that is low in silica.
30. Cinder cone volcanoes are tall, steep, and cone-shaped.
31. Cinder cone volcanoes are fed by gas-rich magma.
32. Composite volcanoes are built up by alternating layers of laya and rock fragments.
33. Composite volcanoes have violent eruptions caused by magma that is high in silica.
Be able to explain
 Explain why earthquakes occur. Use the following terms in your response: lithosphere, stress, and faults.
 Compare and contrast a normal fault and a reverse fault. Use the following terms in your response: push, pull, and
fault
 Describe how scientists determine the epicenter of an earthquake. Be detailed and specific.
 Explain why earthquakes, mountains, and volcanos all occur along plate boundaries.
 Explain how the type of magma a volcano erupts determines how it will erupt.
 Explain why shield, cinder cone, and composite volcanoes have different shapes.
Also Study…
 O.A.’s from this Unit
 Notes: 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 ESPECIALLY THE REVIEW QUESTIONS
 Chapter 2 Quiz
 Earthquake Diagram
 Video Notes: Earthquakes
 Video Notes: Volcanos
 Earthquakes and Volcanos Virtual Lab
 Plate Boundaries and Fault Types
 Earthquake Math
 Mountain Formation Flow Maps
 Volcano Types
 Volcano Identification Stations