Download Student Copy Study Guide Introduction to Periodic

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Study Guide Introduction to Periodic Table & Structure of the Atom
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. electronegativity
f.
b. ionization energy
g.
c. atomic radius
h.
d. metal
i.
e. transition metal
j.
periodic law
atomic mass
period
group
electrons
1. vertical column in the periodic table
2. A repetition of properties occurs when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
3. type of element that is a good conductor of heat and electric current
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. proton
d. electron
b. nucleus
e. neutron
c. atom
4. the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
5. a positively charged subatomic particle
6. a negatively charged subatomic particle
7. a subatomic particle with no charge
8. the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. mass number
d. atomic mass
b. atomic mass unit
e. isotope
c. atomic number
9. atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
10. the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
11. the number of protons in the nucleus of an element
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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
12. The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic ____.
a. mass
b. charge
c. number
d. radius
13. Which of the following categories includes the majority of the elements?
a. metalloids
b. liquids
c. metals
d. nonmetals
14. By the early 1800’s, chemists started organizing elements into groups because
a. the printing press made it possible to disseminate knowledge faster.
b. universities had a sudden influx of students interested in chemistry.
c. there were so many new elements that had been discovered.
d. more books were being published on the topic.
15. In which of the following sets is the symbol of the element, the number of protons, and the number of electrons
given correctly?
a. In, 49 protons, 49 electrons
b. Zn, 30 protons, 60 electrons
c. Cs, 55 protons, 132.9 electrons
d. F, 19 protons, 19 electrons
16. Which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus?
a. carbon
b. magnesium
c. nitrogen
d. oxygen
17. Of the elements Pt, V, Li, and Kr, which is a nonmetal?
a. Pt
b. V
c. Li
d. Kr
18. To what category of elements does an element belong if it is a poor conductor of electricity? ____
a. transition elements
b. metalloids
c. nonmetals
d. metals
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19.The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
a. neutrons
b. protons
c. electrons
d. protons and electrons
20. Who was the man who lived from 460 B.C.–370 B.C. and was among the first to suggest the idea of atoms?
a. Atomos
b. Dalton
c. Democritus
d. Thomson
21. Which of the following was one of Dalton’s improvements over Democritus’s ideas?
a. Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.
b. Atoms are indivisible.
c. Atoms retain their identity in a chemical reaction.
d. Atoms are indestructible.
22. The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is a(n) ____.
a. atom
b. electron
c. proton
d. neutron
23. Dalton's atomic theory included which idea?
a. All atoms of all elements are the same size.
b. Atoms of different elements always combine in one-to-one ratios.
c. Atoms of the same element are always identical.
d. Individual atoms can be seen with a microscope.
24. Which discovery did J. J. Thomson make that improved upon Dalton's atomic theory?
a. Atoms contain tiny, negatively charged electrons.
b. Atoms are always in motion.
c. Atoms contain a tiny, positively charged nucleus.
d. Atoms that combine do so in simple whole-number ratios.
25. Which of the following was originally a tenet of Dalton's atomic theory, but had to be revised about a century ago?
a. Atoms are tiny indivisible particles.
b. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element.
c. Compounds are made by combining atoms.
d. Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in simple whole number ratios.
26. Which of the following is true about subatomic particles?
a. Electrons are negatively charged and are the heaviest subatomic particle.
b. Protons are positively charged and the lightest subatomic particle.
c. Neutrons have no charge and are the lightest subatomic particle.
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d. The mass of a neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton.
27.Who conducted experiments to determine the quantity of charge carried by an electron?
a. Rutherford
b. Millikan
c. Dalton
d. Thomson
28. All atoms are
a. positively charged, with the number of protons exceeding the number of electrons.
b. negatively charged, with the number of electrons exceeding the number of protons.
c. neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons.
d. neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons, which is equal to the
number of neutrons.
29. The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are ____.
a. neutrons and electrons
b. electrons only
c. protons and neutrons
d. protons and electrons
30. Which model of the atom is thought to be true?
a. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are evenly distributed throughout the volume of the atom.
b. The nucleus is made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
c. Electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost all the volume of the atom.
d. The nucleus is made of electrons and protons.
31. The nucleus of an atom is
a. the central core and is composed of protons and neutrons.
b. positively charged and has more protons than neutrons.
c. negatively charged and has a high density.
d. negatively charged and has a low density.
32. The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
a. neutrons
b. protons
c. electrons
d. protons and electrons
33. An element has an atomic number of 76. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are
____.
a. 152 protons and 76 electrons
b. 76 protons and 0 electrons
c. 38 protons and 38 electrons
d. 76 protons and 76 electrons
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34. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom equals the ____.
a. atomic number
b. nucleus number
c. atomic mass
d. mass number
35.What does the number 84 in the name krypton-84 represent?
a. the atomic number
b. the mass number
c. the sum of the protons and electrons
d. twice the number of protons
36. All atoms of the same element have the same ____.
a. number of neutrons
b. number of protons
c. mass numbers
d. mass
37. Isotopes of the same element have different
a. numbers of neutrons.
b. numbers of protons.
c. numbers of electrons.
d. atomic numbers.
38. Isotopes of the same element have different
a. positions on the periodic table.
b. chemical behavior.
c. atomic numbers.
d. mass numbers.
39. In which of the following sets is the symbol of the element, the number of protons, and the number of electrons
given correctly?
a. In, 49 protons, 49 electrons
b. Zn, 30 protons, 60 electrons
c. Cs, 55 protons, 132.9 electrons
d. F, 19 protons, 19 electrons
40. The mass number of an element is equal to ____.
a. the total number of electrons in the nucleus
b. the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
c. less than twice the atomic number
d. a constant number for the lighter elements
41. Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in
a. 4
b. 8
c. 16
O.
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d. 24
42. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number 125 contain?
a. 50 protons, 50 electrons, 75 neutrons
b. 75 electrons, 50 protons, 50 neutrons
c. 120 neutrons, 50 protons, 75 electrons
d. 70 neutrons, 75 protons, 50 electrons
43.Which of the following statements is true?
a. Atoms of the same element all have the same mass.
b. Atoms of isotopes of an element have different numbers of protons.
c. Atoms of isotopes of an element have different numbers of electrons.
d. Atoms of isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons.
44. If E is the symbol for an element, which two of the following symbols represent isotopes of the same element?
1. E
2. E
3. E
4. E
a.
b.
c.
d.
1 and 2
3 and 4
1 and 4
2 and 3
45. Which of the following sets of symbols represents isotopes of the same element?
a.
J
J
J
b.
L
L
L
c.
M
M
M
d.
Q
Q
Q
46. How is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom calculated?
a. Add the number of electrons and protons together.
b. Subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons.
c. Subtract the number of protons from the mass number.
d. Add the mass number to the number of electrons.
47. In which of the following is the number of neutrons correctly represented?
a.
F has 0 neutrons.
b.
As has 108 neutrons.
c.
Mg has 24 neutrons.
d.
U has 146 neutrons.
48. How do the isotopes hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ?
a. Hydrogen-2 has one more electron than hydrogen-1.
b. Hydrogen-2 has one neutron; hydrogen-1 has none.
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c. Hydrogen-2 has two protons; hydrogen-1 has one.
d. Hydrogen-2 has one proton; hydrogen-1 has none.
49. Which of the following isotopes has the same number of neutrons as phosphorus-31?
a.
P
b.
S
c.
Si
d.
Si
Short Answer
50. Which group in the periodic table is known as the noble gases?
51. About what percent of elements is classified as metals?
52. Which group of elements in the periodic table is known as the alkali metals?
53. What is the name for the Group 2A elements?
54. List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in
C.
Numeric Response
55. What is the relative charge carried by an electron?
56. What is the relative charge of a proton?
57. Use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom of lithium.
58. Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons in an atom of barium.
59. How many protons are present in an atom of Be-9?
60. What is the total number of subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom of
Bi?
61. Determine the number of electrons in an atom of iridium.
62. What is the atomic number for an element with 41 neutrons and a mass number of 80?
63. How many electrons are in an atom of gold?
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64. What is the mass number for an oxygen atom that has 10 neutrons in its nucleus?
65. How many protons are present in the nuclei of the three known isotopes of hydrogen?
66. Use the periodic table to determine the number of neutrons in nitrogen-14.
67. How many neutrons are present in an atom of the isotope
68. Calculate the number of neutrons in
U?
Pb.
Essay
69. Explain how the atoms of one element differ from those of another element.
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