Download ______ is the ability to do work

Level 3 Final Review
Energy: _______ is the ability to do work. There are many different kinds of energy. When
you hold an object up off the ground, the object has ______ energy. When you drop the object,
this energy is not lost, but is transformed into _______ energy. When the object hits the
ground, all its energy is transformed into _______ energy and ______ energy. The more you
stretch a spring out, the greater its ________ energy. A roller coaster has the greatest
_________ energy at the top of the first hill, and the greatest _________ energy at the bottom of
the hill. When you push a book along a desk you have done _____ (+, -, no) work on the book.
When you walk horizontally with a heavy box, you do ________ (+, -, no) work on the box.
The force of friction always does ____ (+, -, no) work. When two identical students run up the
same flight of stairs, the one who runs the fastest has the ________ (most, least, same) power.
Electrostatics: When talking about the parts of the atom, _______ and _______ have equal but
opposite charges, but the mass of the ________ is much greater than the mass of the ________.
Protons and electrons ________ each other, but electrons and electrons ________. In order to
give an object a positive charge, you would need to take _________ from it. When you connect
a charged conductor to a metal faucet, the charge of the object becomes ________, and this
process is called __________. When you rub two neutral insulators together, the insulator with
the greater attraction to electrons becomes ________ (+, -) and the other insulator becomes
________ (+, -). When you touch a negatively charged conductor to a neutral conductor, this is
called charging by __________, and in the end both conductors end up with a ________ charge.
When you move two charged objects closer together, the electric force between the two
becomes _______ (stronger, weaker). When you ground a neutral object that is near a negative
object, the process is called charging by ___________. The neutral object becomes
_________(+, -).
Electric Circuits: ________ is the rate of electron flow in a circuit. In a simple circuit, the
___________ (current, voltage, power, resistance) everywhere is the same. The filament
provides _________ to the electrons. This friction transforms the energy of the electrons into
light and heat. The battery is a source of ________. This gives the electrons the energy they
need to move around the circuit. If you connect two light bulbs in _________ (series, parallel)
they are brighter than if you connect them in ________(series, parallel). When more light bulbs
are added in parallel, the total resistance ________. In a _________ (series, parallel) circuit the
current is always the same, and in a ________ (series, parallel) circuit the voltage is always the
same. Electric ________ is equal to current times voltage. If you open a switch in a series
circuit, ________ (no, more, less) current will flow through the circuit. Home appliances are
wired in ________.
Magnetism: A piece of iron becomes magnetized when all of its ________ line up. A compass
placed in a magnetic field points to the ________ pole. When an electron is moving parallel to
a magnetic field, there is ________ (no, greater, less) force acting on the electron. If a wire is
carrying a current into the page, the magnetic field around the wire is ___________ (clockwise,
counterclockwise). A changing magnetic field induces ____________ in a wire. A _________
converts electricity into motion, and a __________ converts motion into electricity. Credit card
readers and wind turbines are examples of ___________ while loudspeakers and battery
operated cars are examples of ________. A transformer uses __________ current to step up or
down _________, while ideally input and output __________ remains the same.
Waves & Sound: The distance from crest to crest is called the ________. The time it takes one
wavelength to pass a point is called the ________. Sound is a ________ wave. If four waves
pass a point in 2 seconds, the frequency is _______. The velocity of a wave in a given medium
is constant so if _________ increases, ________ gets shorter. If you shorten the string of a
violin, the __________ gets smaller, so the _________ increases, and thus the pitch gets
_______. When a police car moves away from you, the __________ gets longer, so the
_________ decreases, and thus the pitch gets _______. This is called the ____________.
When a plane is traveling faster than the speed of sound, a ____________ is continuously
produced. This is an example of ____________ interference. When the fundamental frequency
sounds in an open tube _________ (1, ½, ¼) wavelength is present in the length of the tube.
The fundamental frequency of an open tube has a ________ pitch than a tube closed at one end.
Mathematically stringed instruments act the same as ________ tubes.
Light & Optics: Visible light has a ________ frequency than gamma rays. High frequency
light waves have more _______ than low frequency light waves. Light is a _________ wave
produced by accelerating electrons. Light is the only type of wave that can travel through a
__________. The reason you can see a book is because light is _________ off the book to your
eyes. When light reflects the angle of ________ equals the angle of _________. Theses angles
are measured from the __________. For a plane mirror the distance from the mirror line to the
________ equals the distance from the mirror line to the _________. When light passes from a
denser medium into a less dense medium, the light ray bends ________ the normal line, and this
is called __________. When the angle of incidence in a denser translucent material is greater
than the critical angle, light is ______________. Light rays are brought together by a ________
lens and spread out by a __________ lens. Double convex lenses produce inverted images
unless the object is placed between the ________ and the lens.
Physics Term
kinetic energy
Symbol in
Formulas
Definition
E
ability to do work
Unit
Symbol
K
energy due to position
W
J
energy transferred when a force
applied over a distance
charge
C
electric field
E
current
I
N/C
electric potential energy lost or
gained by a charge
restricts the flow of charge
resistance
power
Unit
Name
V
P
magnetic field
area around a magnet or
electromagnet
λ
frequency
m
number of waves in one second
period
s
rate at which any wave travels
through a medium
A
index of refraction
m/s
m
number which indicates how
much light will bend in a given
medium based on the speed of
light through the medium
c
m/s
1. A 1.5 kg bowling ball rolls from rest down a hill as shown. The speed of the ball at B is
2 m/s. Calculate the balls total energy, gravitational potential at B and the height at B.
2. Two electrons (q = 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ C) are separated by 0.0005 m, calculate the electrostatic
force between them. How would the force change if the distance between them
increased?
3. Calculate the total current and resistance of each of the circuits shown.
4. A toaster requires a 4 A current to operate. Calculate the resistance and power if the
toaster is plugged into 120 V outlet. Could the toaster work in the same outlet as a
1.44 kW hair dryer? The circuit breaker has a limit of 1800 W.
5. The primary coil of a transformer has 6 turns and a voltage of 9 V. The secondary has 3
turns. Calculate the secondary voltage. How would the voltage of the secondary be
different if the secondary had 9 turns?
6. The frequency of a wave traveling at 6 m/s is 12 Hz. Calculate the wavelength and
period of the wave.
7. A sound with a frequency of 680 Hz is made with an open tube. If sound travels through
air at 340 m/s, what is the length of the tube? How would the sound be different if (a) the
tube were covered at one end (b) the tube was shortened?
8. A ray of light strikes a glass prism at an angle of 28º to the surface. Calculate the angle
of reflection and the angle of refraction. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.6. Draw
a diagram showing the path of the light.