Download Universal Precautions For James Madison University

Universal Precautions
James Madison University
Brought to you by
Office of Health Promotion,
JMU Health Center
(2007)
Purpose of this Training
Teach the principles behind the prevention of disease
transmission.
Enable individuals to respond to emergency situations in an
informed and confident manner.
Reduce the risk of exposure to blood borne pathogens.
Have you ever :
come in contact with blood or other body fluid of another person?
had a tattoo or body piercing?
shared a razor, earrings, or toothbrush?
helped a child blow his or her nose?
helped a friend who was hurt or cleaned up vomit?
Are you sexually active?
YOU ARE
ALL AT
RISK!!!
Professions at risk for
being exposed:
Teachers
Nursing
PA
Athletic Trainers
Dietetics
OT/PT
Speech Therapists
What is Universal Precautions?
Universal Precautions is an
APPROACH TO INFECTION CONTROL
With this approach, all human blood and
certain body fluids are treated as if they are
infectious for . . .
* HIV
* HBV
* Other blood-borne pathogens
(bacteria & viruses that can cause disease in
humans)
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Transmitted via:
Blood
Sexual Fluids
Sharing Needles (accidental needle “stick”)
Pregnancy, Childbirth, Breast-feeding
* There have been NO documented cases of HIV caused by sweat,
saliva, tears, food (or sharing utensils), air (sneeze or cough) or
casual contact (hugging, hand-holding.)
HIV
Symptoms
Symptoms usually occur 2- 4 weeks after infection
Easy to overlook flu-like symptoms:
fever, fatigue, rash
Long Term – (10-12 years)
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus
1/20 people in the U.S. will get Hepatitis B sometime in their life.
200,000 new HBV infections each year in U.S.
Approximately 1.25 million people in the U.S. have chronic HBV
infection.
4,000-5,000 die each year from chronic HBV.
Hepatitis Symptoms
Short Term:
Long Term:
Lost of appetite
Fatigue
Diarrhea and vomiting
Pain in muscles, joints,
and stomach
Jaundice
Liver damage
(cirrhosis)
Liver cancer
Death
* After exposure, it can take 1-9 months before symptoms become
noticeable.
HBV Prevention: Hep B vaccine
People should get 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine.
When
1st Dose
2nd Dose
3rd Dose
Older child,
adolescent, or
adult
Any time
1-2 months
after first dose
4-6 months
after first dose
If you miss a dose or get behind schedule, get the next dose as
soon as you can.
* There is no need to start over *
HIV PREVENTION
¾ Safe Sex or Abstinence
¾ Universal Precautions
HBV PREVENTION
¾ Vaccination
¾ Universal Precautions
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Why is it Important?
Practical information we all should know!
Enable you to give help without putting yourself at risk of getting a
potentially life threatening disease.
You will know more about disease transmission.
* Knowledge = prevention of disease *
Which body fluids are infectious?
Almost ANY BODY FLUID has the ability
to be contaminated with blood, which
would make all body fluids potentially
infectious.
Fluids that can transmit disease
Pleural fluid
Saliva
Urine
Breast milk
Sexual fluid
Amniotic Fluid
Peritoneal fluid
Mucus
Cerebrospinal fluid
Pus
Portals of Entry
How germs or pathogens can enter your body:
Open sores
Abrasions
Acne
Cuts and burns
Damaged or broken skin
such as sunburn or blisters
Dry, chapped, cracked or peeling
hands
Cat scratches and scrapes
Open or torn hangnails
Mucus membranes
Sexually transmitted
Types of Exposure
Direct – touching body fluids from an infected person
Indirect – touching objects that have touched body fluids
of an infected person
Vector – Obtaining a bite from an infected animal or
person
Airborne – breathing in droplets when infected person
coughs or sneezes
Barriers
Used to protect access areas from germs.
Place the barrier between the potentially
INFECTIOUS BODY FLUID & YOU!
• Examples:
– Gloves
– Plastic wrap
– Wal-Mart bag
Gloves
Latex gloves
Inspect for tears
Wash hands
Do not reuse
Change gloves
between people
Avoid handling
personal items with gloves
Never put your hand into a trash can
or waste container without gloves
Masks / Face Shields
Other Personal Protective
Equipment
Importance of
HAND WASHING
TOUCHING another person or even a surface after
coughing or sneezing can spread your cold.
Germs can be transmitted from UNCLEAN HANDS to
food, another person, or a surface.
Germs transferred from
someone changing the
DIAPER of a child with
diarrhea to another child or
themselves.
Studies by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) found:
Only 2/3 of American adults wash after using the toilet.
* Women wash more often than men *
Fecal matter carries a variety of
serious infectious diseases.
1/4 adults do not wash after
changing a babies diaper.
Fewer than half wash after handling pets.
(an animal/insect which transmits disease is called a “vector”)
Studies by the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) found:
Just 1/3 wash after sneezing or coughing.
In one study, children who washed their hands four times a
day missed 51% fewer school days due to upset stomach
and 24% fewer days due to respiratory illness than those
who washed less.
1/3 E.coli outbreaks is caused by poor personal hygiene
(hand washing) by food handlers.
Not even 1/5 wash after handling money,
a major carrier of disease germs.
Being SAFE!
Avoid touching open wounds and cold sores.
Personal hygiene, nail/cuticle/skin condition.
Proper decontamination.
*
HIV can live only for seconds to minutes
on an inanimate surface!
*
HBV can live from weeks to a month
on an inanimate surface!
Decontamination
Use of physical or chemical means to
remove, inactivate, or destroy blood-borne
pathogens on a surface so they are no
longer capable of transmitting infectious
particles and the surface or item is
rendered safe for handling use or disposal.
Basic Guidelines for
Handling Blood
If you are assisting a person who is BLEEDING:
Control the bleeding by applying
DIRECT PRESSURE to the wound with
PAPER TOWELS, TISSUES, or other
CLEAN DISPOSABLE TOWELS.
Provide a BARRIER between their
BLOOD and YOUR SKIN with LATEX
GLOVES or other PLASTIC MATERIAL.
Call 911 as may be appropriate.
Basic Guidelines for
Handling Blood
When DISPOSING of any
paper items with visible blood
on them … USE
APPROPRIATE BIOHAZARD
WASTE BASKET.
Basic Guidelines for
Handling Blood
To CLEAN UP BLOOD on objects or on the floor:
Lay paper towels on it to ABSORB
as much as possible.
Then DISINFECT for 20 minutes
with a BLEACH solution.
(1 part bleach / 10 parts water)
Basic Guidelines for
Handling Blood
Other body fluids
need to be handled
with the same caution!
TEST
Click on the following link & complete the
exam:
https://websurvey.jmu.edu/ss/wsb.dll/51/UP
test.htm