Download STUDY GUIDE SECTION 8-1 Chromosomes

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 8-1
Chromosomes
Name _____________________
Period __________
Date ____________
Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. ______ During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled
into structures called
a. centromeres
b. histones
c. haploids
d. chromosomes
2. ______Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryote cell is uncoiled and spread out; in
this form it is called
a. chromatid
b. chromatin
c. histone
d. nonhistone
3. ______The chromosomes of most prokaryotes consist of proteins and
a. a singular circular DNA molecule.
b. a single linear DNA molecule.
c. a pair of linear DNA molecules joined in the center.
d. a pair of homologous, circular DNA molecules.
4. ______ Humans have 46 chromosomes in all cells except sperm and egg cells. How
many of these chromosomes are autosomes?
a. 2
b. 23
c. 44
d. 46
5. ______ If an organisms has a diploid, or 2n, number of 16, how many chromosomes do
its sperm cells or egg cells contain?
a. 8
b. 16
c. 32
d. 64
Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. Does the chromosome number indicate whether an organisms is a plant or an animal?
Explain. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Is there a correlation between the number of chromosomes and the complexity of an
organism? Provide data to support your answer. _________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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3. What role do proteins play in enabling the enormous amount of DNA in a eukaryotic cell
to fit into the nucleus, and what are these proteins called? _________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. In what ways are homologous chromosomes similar?
_____________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. A. What is the picture bellow called? _____________________________________
B. What is the sex of the person? Defend your answer.
___________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The diagram below shows structures isolated from
the nucleus of a dividing eukaryotic cell. Label each structure or pair of structures in the
space provided.
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STUDY GUIDE SECTION 8-2
Cell Division
Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. ______ Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process called
a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. binary fission
d. binary fusion
2. ______ In eukaryotic cells, DNA is copied during a phase of the cell cycle called
a. M phase
b. S phase
c. G1 phase
d. G2 phase
3. ______ The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides by a process called
a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. replication
d. cytokinesis
4. ______The fibers that extend from centrosome to centrosome during mitosis are
a. polar fibers
b. spindle fibers
c. kinetochore fibers
d. binary fibers
5. ______ In the G0 phase, cells
a. synthesize DNA.
b. prepare for cell division.
c. exit from the cell cycle
d. move their chromosomes to the cell equator.
Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. Differentiate between mitosis and cell division.__________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What would happen if cytokinesis took place before mitosis? ______________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Explain the main difference between cytokinesis an animal cells and cytokinesis and
plant cells. ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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4. List the five main phases of the cell cycle, and briefly explain what occurs during each
phase.
A. _____________________________________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________________________________
C. _____________________________________________________________________
D. _____________________________________________________________________
E. _____________________________________________________________________
5. List the four phases of mitosis, and briefly explain what occurs during each phase.
A. _____________________________________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________________________________
C. _____________________________________________________________________
D. _____________________________________________________________________
6. What would happen to a cell and its offspring if the cells did not go through a G1 phase
during their cell cycle? Explain your answer. ___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS In the spaces provided below, label each figure
with the phase of mitosis that it represents.
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STUDY GUIDE SECTION 8-3
Meiosis
Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. ______During synapsis, the
a. DNA in each chromosome is copied.
b. spindle fibers disappear.
c. cytoplasm divides.
d. chromosomes line up next to their homologues.
2. ______ During crossing-over, portions of chromatids
a. double the amount of DNA in each chromosome.
b. move from autosomes to sex chromosomes.
c. break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on the homologous chromosome.
d. separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell.
3. ______ In which phase of meiosis do tetrads form?
a. prophase I
b. telophase I
c. metaphase II
d. anaphase II
4. ______ Meiosis II
a. is preceded by the copying of DNA.
b. separates chromatids into opposite poles of the cell.
c. separates homologous chromosomes into opposite poles of the cell.
d. produces diploid offspring cells.
5. ______ In oogenesis, a diploid reproductive cell divides meiotically to produce
a. one diploid gamete.
c. one haploid gamete.
b. four diploid gametes.
d. four haploid gametes.
Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. Explain the role of crossing over in ensuring genetic variation. _____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain three differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
A. _____________________________________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________________________________
C. _____________________________________________________________________
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3. Describe two ways in which genetic recombination occurs during meiosis.
A. _____________________________________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________________________________
4. List the four phases of meiosis I, and briefly explain what occurs during each phase.
A. _____________________________________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________________________________
C. _____________________________________________________________________
D. _____________________________________________________________________
5. How do the products of meiosis I differ from those of meiosis II? ___________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. In humans, the egg cell is larger than the sperm cell. Explain how it is possible that a
child inherits DNA equally from its mother and father. ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS In the spaces provided, label each figure with
the phase of meiosis that it represents.
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