Download The Systems of the Body

The Systems of the
Body
By Shyam Patel
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System is centered
around the heart, an organ that pumps
blood around a complex network of blood
vessels.
Function: This system is responsible for
transporting nutrients, water, and oxygen
to the billions of cells in your body
while carrying away waste and CO2.
Vocabulary
Heart- a hollow muscular organ that pumps
blood throughout the entire body
Aorta- the largest artery in the body, a tube
about a foot long and just over an inch in
diameter. Allows the flow of blood to the body.
Vena Cava- a large vein carrying deoxygenated
blood into the heart, there are two in humans,
the superior and inferior venae cavae.
- All of the output of blood from the left side of the
heart goes into the aorta, there other arteries branch
off to supply blood to the rest of the body, while the
right side pumps blood into the lungs.
- The blood is drained from all of these parts
by veins into the inferior and superior venae
cava.
- The contractions of the heart tirelessly pump
blood around the body. These contractions are
triggered by electrical impulses that originate
in a specialized area of heart tissue.
The Respiratory System
The respiratory system is made up of
the organs in your body that help you
breathe.
Function: The function of the
respiratory system is to get oxygen
into the body and take carbon dioxide
out of it.
Vocabulary
Lungs- the two organs in the rib cage that help
oxygen from the air we breathe enter red blood
cells.
Pharynx- (throat) the tube that connects the
mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus and
trachea.
Trachea- a tube about four inches long just under
the larynx (known as the wind pipe)
Diaphragm- the muscle that separates the chest
cavity from the abdomen. The diaphragm is the main
muscle of respiration.
- The lungs are the main organs of the
respiratory system. In the lungs oxygen is
taken into the body and carbon dioxide is
taken out.
- The trachea filters the air we breathe and
delivers it to the bronchi.
- The bronchi get air from the trachea and
deliver it to the lungs.
- Breathing starts with the diaphragm, when
you breathe in the diaphragm contracts.
The Digestive System
The Digestive System is a group of
organs working together to convert
food into energy and the basic
nutrients that our bodies need.
Function:To digest food and turn
it into energy for the body to
use.
Vocabulary
Stomach- a muscular organ that receives food from the
esophagus, it secretes acid and enzymes to help digest
food.
Esophagus- a tube that connects the throat to the
stomach, it delivers food to the stomach.
Small Intestine- the part of the intestine that connects
the stomach and the large intestine; where 90% of
digestion and nutrition absorption occurs.
Large Intestine- performs the function of turning food
into waste and then delivers it to the anus.
Process of Digestion
Step 1: The mouth is the beginning of the digestive
system. Your mouth secretes saliva to help you break
down food so that it could be digested.
Step 2: The pharynx receives food from the mouth and
brings it to the esophagus which carries food to the
stomach.
Step 3: The stomach, in addition to holding the food,
mixes and grinds the food. It also secretes acid and
enzymes to help break down the food. Then food moves to
the small intestine where most of the nutrition is
absorbed and the food is being broken down.
Step 4: Waste is brought down to the large intestine
and leaves through the anus.
The Excretory/Urinary System
The excretory system is the system
of an organism's body that performs
excretion, the bodily process of
removing waste.
Function: To remove waste from
the body
● The urinary system consists of the kidneys,
ureters, and urinary bladder. The kidneys
filter the blood to remove waste and produce
waste. The ureters and bladder form to make the
urinary tract.
● Excess Ions and metabolic wastes produced by
the body's cells must be constantly removed
from the body to prevent toxic substances from
accumulating and poisoning the body.
● The kidneys are responsible for the filtration
of wastes from the blood.
● The ureters are a pair of tubes that bring
urine from the kidneys down to the urethra.
The Skeletal System
The Skeletal System includes all of the bones
and joints of the body. Also it is made up of
all of the tissues such as tendons,
ligaments, and cartilage that connect them.
Function: Acts as a scaffold by providing
support and protection for the soft tissues
that make up the rest of the body.
Vocabulary
Bone- any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue
making up the skeleton in humans and other
vertebrae
Axial Skeleton- the bones of the upper body,
ex. head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular Skeleton- the bones of the limbs
ex. legs, arms, hands, and feet
Limb- a jointed appendage of a human or animal
Pelvis & Lower Back
The bones of the pelvis and lower back work together to
support the weight of the body, anchor the abdominal
and hip muscles, and protect the delicate vital organs
of the vertebral cavity.
Arm & Hand
The bones of the arm and hand have the important job of
supporting the upper limb and providing attachment
points for the muscles that move the upper limb.
Leg & Foot
The bones of the leg and foot form a majority of the
appendicular skeleton that supports many of the muslces
of the lower limb.
Head & Neck
The bones of the head and neck play the vital role of
supporting the brain, sensory organs, nerves, and
blood vessels of the head. These bones provide for
facial expressions, eating, speech, and head
movements. The skull consists of 22 cranial and facial
bones.
Thorax & Upper Back
The bones of the thorax and upper back combine to form
the strong protective rib cage. The rib cage also
anchors the bones of the head, neck, shoulders, and
arms to the trunk of the body. Powerful muscles that
move the head and arms attach to these bones as well.
The bones of the chest support the upper body's
weight.
The Muscular System
The Muscular System is responsible for all
of the movements of the human body.
Attached to the bones of the skeletal
system are about 700 muscles that make up
about half of the human body’s weight.
Function: to cause the movement of the
body
Vocabulary
Muscle- a group/band of tissue in a human
or animal body that have the ability to
contract, producing movement
Tissue- the distinct material that animals
and plants are made out of, consisting of
specialized cells
Head & Neck
The muscles of the head and neck perform many
important tasks, such as chewing, swallowing,
speech, facial expressions, and the movement of
the eyes and rest of the head. Some of the most
important muscles of the head and neck are the
trapezius(neck/shoulder muscle), and the
sternocleidomastoid (side of neck muscle).
Thorax & Upper Back
One of the major tasks performed by the upper
back and thorax is breathing, which is essential
to life. Some of the major muscles of the area
are the deltoids, pectoralis’, and triceps.
Abdomen & Lower Back
The muscles of the abdomen, lower back, and
pelvis are separated from the muscles of the
upper back and thorax by the muscular wall of
the diaphragm, the muscle which is critical to
breathing. The most important muscles of the
lower back and abdomen are the abdominals,
erector spinae, and rhomboids.
Works Cited
http://www.webmd.com/
https://www.innerbody.com/