Download Biology Notes: The Nervous System and Neurons

Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: The Nervous System and Neurons Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to textbook pages 874 – 875 & 876 ‐ 879. Nervous System • ____________________ of _________________ cells, tissue, and organs • Controls ____________________, ____________________, _______________________________ •
Quick responses - Ex: ____________________________________________________________ CNS and PNS • Central Nervous System = ____________________ and _________________________________ • Peripheral Nervous System = All the _________________________________________________ Neurons • AKA: Highly specialized _________________________ cells - Transfer ____________________ impulses __________ and ____________ the _____________________ •
4 Main Parts - Cell body: contains ____________________ and ____________________ - Dendrites: branches that _______________________ messages from _________________________ cells - Axon: extension that ___________________ messages _______________ from the cell ______________ - Axon terminal: ___________________ of ___________________ Three Types of Neurons 1. Sensory - Detect ____________________ and transmit ____________________ to/from the ____________________ - Detect sense (_______________, smell, _______________, taste, _______________) 2. Interneuron - Located in the _______________. __________________ signals from the _____________________ neurons. 3. Motor - Pass ____________________ to other _________________________ - Ex: Nerve ____________________ to muscle. Muscle __________________ by __________________. Resting Potential • Defined: Neuron at _____________________ • Neuron ____________________ is ______________________ in charge. - Due to an ___________________ of __________ outside the cell. •
Neuron ____________________ is _______________________ Inside the axon - Due to an ___________________ of _________________ and… - Some ___________ inside the cell •
Draw (+) and (–) to show resting potential Action Potential • Defined: The ____________________ ___________________ that is triggered & _________________ quickly _______________ an _______________ • Generating the Impulse - Na + ________________ in the membrane _______________ and allow ___________to ______________ ____________________ the cell - Area becomes ________________ charged (impulse) •
After the Impulse - K + channels _______________ to allow ___________ to __________________ the cell. - Area __________________ to _________________ charge. •
Process ____________________ down the ________________ Cleaning Up the Mess •
Who? _____________ pump •
What? - __________ is pumped back ____________________ of the cell - __________ is pumped back ____________________ the cell •
How? ___________________ transport (REQUIRES _______________) •
When? ___________________ the ___________________ has ___________________ •
Where? Located in the cell ___________________ •
Why? To ___________________ the initial ___________________ inside & outside the ___________________ Synapse • Defined: _______________ between ___________________ • Problem: Impulse _________________ cross the ___________________ •
Solution: ______________________ (___________________ signals) are sent from ___________________ neuron to ___________________ •
Steps: 1. Impulse _________________________axon ___________________ 2. ___________________ releases _______________________________ into ___________________ which attach to ____________________ on neighboring neuron 3. __________ Channels open on ________________ of ____________________ neuron… creates _______________ impulse Putting it ALL Together (Animation with Steps) 1) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ Impulses eventually reach the muscles… and causes MOVEMENT! Review 1) What is the function of the nervous system? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) List the 4 main parts of a neuron and describe their purpose. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) The nervous system is divided into 2 parts. What are they and what do they include? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4) Describe the internal and external environment of a neuron in resting potential (RP). How is RP reached? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) What is a synapse and why is it a problem for neurons? ______________________________________________ 6) To what part of the nervous system do motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons belong? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7) When an impulse is within a neuron it is electrical. When the signal moves to the next neuron it is _________________. What is the specific name for this signal? ________________________________________ 8) Describe how an action potential moves down a neuron. ____________________________________________________________________________________________