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A Wealth of Information. A World of Ideas.
aking plentiful use of animation, this comprehensive video clip library of 32
wo-to-three-minute segments brings plant biology to life! Visual learners will
articularly benefit from the intricate processes and key botanical concepts
ustrated in each self-contained video. A versatile teaching tool, Plant Biology
also an excellent student research resource.
deo segments include…
ip 1: Plant Cells (3:40)
ip 2: Plant Tissues (3:13)
ip 3: Stems (2:32)
ip 4: Roots (2:51)
ip 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients
2:37)
ip 6: Leaves and Transpiration (2:24)
ip 7: Photosynthesis (3:18)
ip 8: Cellular Respiration (2:31)
ip 9: Classification of Plants (2:57)
ip 10: Bryophytes (2:25)
ip 11: Seedless Vascular Plants (2:330
ip 12: Gynosperms (2:24)
ip 13: Angiosperms (2:49)
ip 14: Life Cycles and Life History of
ants (2:44)
ip 15: Plant Reproduction (2:24)
ip 16: Seeds and Germination (2:45)
ip 17: Early Seedling Development (2:33)
ip 18: Plant and Seed Dispersal (2:15)
Instructor’s Guide
Clip 19: Polyploid Plants (2:33)
Clip 20: Plant Hormones (2:28)
Clip 21: Plant Nutrients (2:34)
Clip 22: The Rhizosphere (2:26)
Clip 23: Fungi/Mycorrhizae (3:08)
Clip 24: Fixing Carbon and Carbon
Exchange Rate (2:55)
Clip 25: Photomorphogenesis and
Tropisms (2:10)
Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological
Clocks (2:07)
Clip 27: Plant Defenses (2:27)
Clip 28: Medicinal Plants (2:45)
Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant
Biotechnology (2:31)
Clip 30: Genetically Modified Plants (2:34)
Clip 31: Forestry (2:12)
Clip 32: Ethnobotany (2:00)
credits (1:03)
viewable/printable instructor’s guide is available online.
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DVD
VIDEO
41918
41918
41918-K
Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Vido Clip Library
Making plentiful use of animation, this comprehensive Video clip library of 32 two-to-three-minute
segments brings plant biology to life! Visual learners will particularly benefit from the intricate processes
and key botanical concepts illustrated in each self-contained video. A versatile teaching tool, Plant
Biology is also an excellent student research resource.
Video segments include…
Clip 1: Plant Cells (3:40)
Clip 2: Plant Tissues (3:13)
Clip 3: Stems (2:32)
Clip 4: Roots (2:51)
Clip 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients (2:37)
Clip 6: Leaves and Transpiration (2:24)
Clip 7: Photosynthesis (3:18)
Clip 8: Cellular Respiration (2:31)
Clip 9: Classification of Plants (2:57)
Clip 10: Bryophytes (2:25)
Clip 11: Seedless Vascular Plants (2:330
Clip 12: Gynosperms (2:24)
Clip 13: Angiosperms (2:49)
Clip 14: Life Cycles and Life History of Plants (2:44)
Clip 15: Plant Reproduction (2:24)
Clip 16: Seeds and Germination (2:45)
Clip 17: Early Seedling Development (2:33)
Clip 18: Plant and Seed Dispersal (2:15)
Clip 19: Polyploid Plants (2:33)
Clip 20: Plant Hormones (2:28)
Clip 21: Plant Nutrients (2:34)
Clip 22: The Rhizosphere (2:26)
Clip 23: Fungi/Mycorrhizae (3:08)
Clip 24: Fixing Carbon and Carbon Exchange Rate (2:55)
Clip 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms (2:10)
Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks (2:07)
Clip 27: Plant Defenses (2:27)
Clip 28: Medicinal Plants (2:45)
Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology (2:31)
Clip 30: Genetically Modified Plants (2:34)
Clip 31: Forestry (2:12)
Clip 32: Ethnobotany (2:00)
Credits (1:03)
Table of Contents
A. Discussion Questions/Topics ..........................2–3
B. Projects/Activities ...........................................3–4
C. Assessment questions ..................................5–13
D. Assessment Questions and Answer Key ....14–30
E. Answer Key Only ........................................31–40
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
A. Discussion Questions/Topics (15)
Compare and contrast the structures and functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts. (For background,
see Clips 7: Photosynthesis and 8: Cellular Respiration.)
1. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What are some of their cell structures and
functions? (For background, see Clip 1: Plant Cells.)
2. What are some of the unique structures found in plant cells? What are their functions?
(For background, see Clips 1: Plant Cells and 7: Photosynthesis.)
3. Compare and contrast macronutrients and micronutrients of plants. Why is it more difficult to
identify essential micronutrients than it is to identify macronutrients? Do all nutrients cycle in
the same way? (For background, see Clip 21: Plant Nutrients.)
4. What is maple syrup and how is it collected? (For background, see Clips 3: Stems, 5: Transport
of Water & Nutrients, and 21: Plant Nutrients.)
5. What do plants and mycorrhizae gain from their relationship to one other? (For background,
see Clips 22: The Rhizosphere and 23: Fungi/Mycorrhizae.)
6. Where does the energy come from in photosynthesis? Why is photosynthesis essential to life?
(For background, see Clips 7: Photosynthesis and 24: Fixing Carbon and
Carbon Exchange Rate.)
7. Compare and contrast pollination by wind and by insects. Compare and contrast
self-pollination, wind pollination, and insect-mediated pollination in flowers. Why do
pollinators visit a flower? (For background, see Clips 12: Gymnosperms, 13: Angiosperms,
14: Life Cycles and Life History of Plants, 15: Plant Reproduction, and 31: Forestry.)
8. What are some of the adaptations of drought-resistant (xeric) plants? Compare and contrast
characteristics of tropical plants versus desert plants related to plant water requirements.
(For background, see Clips 3: Stems, 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients, and 14: Life Cycles
and Life History of Plants.)
9. What are some advantages for plants of having a biological clock? (For background, see Clip
26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks.)
10.What part do growth hormones play in causing tropisms? (For background, see Clips 20: Plant
Hormones and 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms.)
11.Why are nectar-producing structures often hidden at the base of the flower? What is the
difference between pollen and nectar? (For background, see Clip 13: Angiosperms.)
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Plant Biology:
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Instructor’s guide
12.Discuss benefits and risks of modern biotechnology. (For background, see Clips 29:
Biotechnology and 30: Genetically Modified Plants.)
13.Are genetically modified (GM) foods any more or less safe to eat than conventionally bred
foods? (For background, see Clip 30: Genetically Modified Plants.)
14.Discuss the economic importance of diverse plants and plant-based products in developed
versus indigenous cultures. (For background, see Clip 32: Ethnobotany.)
B. Projects/Activities (10)
1. Have students learn a simple method to extract DNA from strawberries. Strawberries are
octoploid and therefore yield more DNA than other fruits. Students should research methods
and materials that are needed to perform the extraction. Students will observe first-hand that
DNA is in the food that they eat. (There are many examples for doing this on the Internet –
for example, http://www.thetech.org/genetics/medicine.php) (For background, see Clips
1: Plant Cells and 19: Polyploid Plants.)
2. Have students make a list of the foods they have eaten over the course of three days.
Ask them to identify the different types of seeds that were in some of those foods.
(For background, see Clip 16: Seeds and Germination.)
3. Have students gather different types of seeds and fruits and determine how they are
dispersed by analyzing their structural modifications that facilitate dispersal by abiotic means
or by animals. (For background, see Clip 18: Plant Seed Dispersal.)
4. Have students take pictures of examples of gymnosperms and angiosperms and identify them
with the help of a field guide. (For background, see Clips 31: Forestry, 12: Gymnosperms, and
13: Angiosperms.)
5. Have students research and construct a timeline of the appearance on Earth of the major
groups of the plant kingdom. Include examples of nonvascular, vascular, seedless, seed,
and flowering plants. (For background, Clips see 31: Forestry, 9: Classification of Plants, 10:
Bryophytes, 11: Seedless Vascular Plants, 12: Gymnosperms, 13: Angiosperms.)
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
6. Have groups of students use a quartz prism to explore how different wavelengths of light are
refracted. Have students compare and contrast how shorter wavelengths are refracted more
than longer wavelengths, and how the light that emerges is separated into its component
colors. Ask students: Which wavelengths of light do plants use in photosynthesis? Why are
leaves green? Chlorophyll a and b absorb most wavelengths of light except for green.
(For background, see Clips 7: Photosynthesis, 6: Leaves and Transpiration.)
7. Have students research and design a bioreactor that could be used for cleaning up
contaminated soil in a vacant lot that used to be a gasoline station. The lot is contaminated
by heavy metals and petrochemicals. (For background, see Clips 22: The Rhizosphere, 29:
Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology.)
8. Have students observe the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Students can build an osmometer from dialysis tubing, a one-hole rubber stopper with glass
or plastic tubing, and a beaker. Have students place a colored 25% glucose solution into the
dialysis tubing before they attach the rubber stopper and glass tubing, and then immerse the
osmometer into a beaker filled with water. Students observe how fast the colored solution
rises in the glass tubing. Have students explain what is happening. Does a membrane with
similar properties exist in plant cells? (For background, see Clips 1: Plant Cells, 2: Plant Tissues,
3: Stems, 4: Roots, 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients.)
9. Demonstrate phototropism in radish seedlings. Place a seedling in a light-tight box with a
small (10 cm in diameter) hole in one side wall that is exposed to daylight. Place another
seedling in a light-tight box without a hole in it. Have students observe and record the
positions of the seedlings after a few hours. Allow another set of seedlings to remain in the
boxes for 24 hours. Have students observe and record the positions of the seedlings after 24
hours. Have students write about their findings, including what causes the stems of seedlings
to bend when exposed to a light stimulus. (For background, see Clips 4: Roots, 20: Plant
Hormones, 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms.)
10.Have students research and prepare a multimedia presentation on indigenous plants and their
traditional uses in the United States. Include plants that are still used today for food, building
materials, medicine, or for religious ceremonies. (For background, see Clip 32: Ethnobotany.)
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Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
C. Assessment (51)
1. Ethnobotany is the study of ________.
A. how people make use of the plants in their local environments
B. how plants are used in archaeology
C. how crops can be modified genetically
D. what types of foods people of different cultures eat
2. Generally, a wooded area that has a 40% canopy cover is a _____________.
A. wetland
B. shrubland
C. park
D. forest
3. The seedless watermelon has three sets of chromosomes in its zygote. This condition is called _______________.
A. haploid
B. diploid
C. polyploid
D. aneuploid
4. Phytochromes are plant proteins that respond to _______________________.
A. blue light
B. green light
C. red light
D. white light
5. Which one of these plants would you expect to be in the canopy of the forest?
A. oak tree
B. tea bush
C. pine sapling
D. dandelion
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
6. Which of these organisms are needed to make nitrogen available to forest trees?
A. monocots and dicots
B. gymnosperms and angiosperms
C. bacteria and fungi
D. producers and consumers
7. Phloem transports water and minerals upward from the roots and distributes them throughout the plant.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
8. The term that describes the relative numbers of hours of daylight and darkness is _____________.
A. solar spectrum
B. photosynthesis
C. photoperiod
D. sunlight
9. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are not found naturally in the soil.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
10. Which of these insects are destructive because they eat plant parts?
A. lacewings
B. ladybugs
C. spiders
D. caterpillars
11. What is one chemical compound needed for photosynthesis in a greenhouse?
A. carbon dioxide
B. carbon monoxide
C. oxygen
D. ozone
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
12. What is the principal currency of energy in cells?
A. carbohydrates
B. DNA
C. ATP
D. proteins
13. In flowering plants, the ___________________ is inside the flower.
A. sporophyte
B. gametophyte
C. diploid phase
D. vegetative phase
14. Flowers have male parts that produce the ____________.
A. sepal
B. petal
C. ovary
D. pollen
15. The conversion of most of the light energy into chemical energy takes place in the
__________________.
A. electron transport chain
B. antenna chlorophyll molecules
C. photons
D. mitochondria
16. Most of the reactions of cellular respiration are carried out in a cellular organelle called a _____.
A. vacuole
B. ribosome
C. chloroplast
D. mitochondrion
17. The production of beer, wine, and bread involves a process called ________________________.
A. distillation
B. fermentation
C. fusion
D. combination
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
18. Fermentation produces ______________.
A. glucose and ethanol
B. glucose and water
C. carbon dioxide and ethanol
D. carbon dioxide and water
19. True or False? The terms bioengineering and biotechnology refer to any application of technology to living systems, including genetic modification (GM).
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
20. Phytoremediation refers to ____________________________.
A. increasing the growth rate of plants
B. using plants to make drugs
C. increasing the rate of photosynthesis
D. using plants to clean up soil
21. A genetically uniform group of individuals derived from a single organism by asexual
reproduction is ___________________.
A. a clone
B. a hybrid
C. homozygous
D. heterozygous
22. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces _____________ that are lethal to corn borers.
A. a nutrient
B. an antibiotic
C. a toxic protein
D. a vitamin
23. True or False? Seeds can disperse great distances but cannot survive for a long period of time.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
24. What is the plasma membrane made up of?
A. organelles
B. microtubules
C. a lipid bilayer and proteins
D. microfilaments and skeleton
25. Which of these plants is an S-strategist plant?
A. corn plant
B. oak tree
C. dandelion
D. cactus
26. Which of these structures are unique to plant cells?
A. nuclei, nucleoli, and ribosomes
B. cell walls, vacuoles, and plastids
C. Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticuli, and mitochondria
D. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and microtubules
27. The below-ground dermal tissue (or dermis) of a plant controls ______________________.
A. loss of water and nutrients
B. photosynthesis
C. uptake of water and nutrients
D. reproduction
28. Secondary growth of plant stems ___________________.
A. makes tree trunks wider
B. makes tree trunks taller
C. produces new leaves
D. produces new branches
29. In addition to providing anchorage and storage, roots absorb________________________.
A. cellulose and lignin
B. lipids and protein
C. CO2 and glucose
D. water and nutrients
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
30. The primary functions of leaves are _________________________.
A. photosynthesis and transpiration
B. photorespiration and evaporation
C. absorption of water and nutrients
D. storage of starches or sugar
31. The leaf structures responsible for causing a painful sting when one touches a stinging nettle are the __________.
A. stomata
B. petioles
C. wax layers
D. leaf hairs
32. The anatomy of a flower includes the stamen, petal, receptacle, pedicel, sepal, and
______________.
A. carpel
B. radicle
C. embryo
D. cuticle
33. True or False? A tropism is a response in which the direction of growth of a plant is determined by
an environmental stimulus.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
34. The tissues that are derived from the root and shoot _______________________are called
primary tissues.
A. vascular cambium
B. apical meristems
C. endoderm
D. epiderm
35. Modern western pharmacies sell drugs, _________ of which are based on plants.
A. all
B. at least 25%
C. none
D. a couple
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
36. Gravitropism in roots is a complex response involving starch grains and a plant growth hormone
called _________________.
A. auxin
B. gibberellin
C. ethylene
D. cytokinin 37. The plant hormone used to ripen bananas, honeydew melons, and tomatoes is
_________________.
A. abscisic acid
B. gibberellin
C. auxin
D. ethylene
38. Short-day plants _______________.
A. etiolate in the dark
B. wilt in response to short days
C. flower in response to short days
D. flower at night
39. Circadian clocks of plants under natural growing conditions have a ________________ period.
A. slow-running
B. 24-hour
C. free-running
D. 36-hour
40. Adaptations of desert plants include __________________.
A. increased evaporation
B. conservation of water
C. increased transpiration
D. conservation of heat
41. In gymnosperms, pollen is disseminated by __________.
A. birds
B. water
C. bees
D. wind
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
42. What is the site of fertilization and seed formation in angiosperms?
A. the carpel
B. the sepal
C. the petal
D. the stamen
43. Mycorrhizae are fungi that grow on a host plant’s roots. They help their host by providing
__________.
A. carbohydrates as an energy source
B. nutrients from the soil
C. antibiotics
D. water from the soil
44. One adaptation of bryophytes to life on land are that they have ______________________.
A. a vascular system
B. rhizoids
C. roots
D. reproductive structures
45. Where would you expect liverworts to grow?
A. in the desert
B. in a corn field
C. by a mountain stream
D. on a sand dune
46. Ferns do not have ____________________.
A. leaves
B. vascular tissues
C. seeds
D. roots
47. The gametophyte stage is the dominant phase in which of the following plants?
A. pine tree
B. liverwort
C. apple tree
D. fern Films for the
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
48. An apple tree would be classified in the same class as which of the following?
A. pine tree
B. dandelion
C. fern
D. cycad
49. The growing pollen tube in a flower is the _______________________.
A. ovule
B. sporophyte
C. male gametophyte
D. female gametophyte
50. Which one of these is the longest-lived woody perennial?
A. sugar maple
B. bristlecone pine
C. oak tree
D. giant sequoia
51. A library or collection of plants is called __________.
A. an herbivore
B. a plantation
C. an herbarium
D. an aquarium
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D. Assessment Questions and Answer Key (51)
1. Ethnobotany is the study of ________.
A. how people make use of the plants in their local environments
B. how plants are used in archaeology
C. how crops can be modified genetically
D. what types of foods people of different cultures eat
Answer key
i. Q1 A
ii. Feedback: Ethnobotany is the study of how people of particular cultures and regions
make use of the plants in their local environments. Plants can be used for food,
medicine, fuel, shelter, and, in many cultures, religious ceremonies.
iii. See Clip 32: Ethnobotany.
2. Generally, a wooded area that has a 40% canopy cover is a _____________.
A. wetland
B. shrubland
C. park
D. forest
Answer key
i. Q2 D
ii. Feedback: Most scientists use canopy measurements to define a forest. The canopy
is the roof of the forest created by boughs and branches from one tree interweaving
with neighboring trees. Generally, a forest has at least 40% canopy cover.
iii. See Clip 31: Forestry.
3. The seedless watermelon has three sets of chromosomes in its zygote. This condition is called
_______________.
A. haploid
B. diploid
C. polyploid
D. aneuploid
Answer key
i. Q3 C
ii. Feedback: The condition of having multiple sets of chromosomes in the gamete is
called polyploidy. The seedless watermelon is a type of polyploid called a triploid,
meaning it has three sets of chromosomes in its zygote and somatic cells.
iii. See Clip 19: Polyploid Plants.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
4. Phytochromes are plant proteins that respond to _______________________.
A. blue light
B. green light
C. red light
D. white light
Answer key
i. Q4 C
ii. Feedback: In flowering plants, there are five different phytochromes that affect
different biological activities when activated by red or far-red light.
iii. See Clips 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms and 26: Photoperiodism and
Biological Clocks.
5. Which one of these plants would you expect to be in the canopy of the forest?
A. oak tree
B. tea bush
C. pine sapling
D. dandelion
Answer key
i. Q5 A
ii. Feedback: The canopy of the forest is made up of the interlaced crowns of the tallest
trees. Mature oak trees are part of the forest canopy.
iii. See Clip 31: Forestry.
6. Which of these organisms are needed to make nitrogen available to forest trees?
A. monocots and dicots
B. gymnosperms and angiosperms
C. bacteria and fungi
D. producers and consumers
Answer key
i. Q6 C
ii. Feedback: Bacteria and fungi provide most of the nitrogen needs of forest trees.
iii. See Clips 21: Plant Nutrients, 22: The Rhizosphere, and 23: Fungi/Mycorrhizae.
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Plant Biology:
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Instructor’s guide
7. Phloem transports water and minerals upward from the roots and distributes them throughout the
plant.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer key
i. Q7 FALSE
ii. Feedback: Phloem transports the sugars created by photosynthesis from the leaves to
other parts of the plant. Xylem transports water and minerals upward from the roots
and distributes them throughout the plant.
iii. See Clips 2: Plant Tissues, 3: Stems, 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients.
8. The term that describes the relative numbers of hours of daylight and darkness is
_______________.
A. solar spectrum
B. photosynthesis
C. photoperiod
D. sunlight
Answer key
i. Q8 C
ii. Feedback: Photoperiod is a term that describes the relative numbers of hours of
daylight and darkness. Flowering in most angiosperms is triggered by night length.
iii. See Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks.
9. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are not found naturally in the soil.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer key
i. Q9 FALSE
ii. Feedback: Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Azospirillum and Cyanobacteria
are found naturally in the soil. Microbes that belong to the genus Rhizobium form
nodules on the roots of legumes and convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into a
form that becomes soluble in the soil and available for plant uptake.
iii. See Clip 21: Plant Nutrients.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
10. Which of these insects are destructive because they eat plant parts?
A. lacewings
B. ladybugs
C. spiders
D. caterpillars
Answer key
i. Q10 D
ii. Feedback: Caterpillars are herbivores. They may become destructive to their host
plants.
iii. See Clip 27: Plant Defenses and 30: Genetically Modified Plants.
11. What is one chemical compound needed for photosynthesis in a greenhouse?
A. carbon dioxide
B. carbon monoxide
C. oxygen
D. ozone
Answer key
i. Q11 A
ii. Feedback: Carbon dioxide, which is required for photosynthesis, may become depleted
in a greenhouse. Injection of carbon dioxide into the closed greenhouse can increase
photosynthesis and speed up the time to harvest.
iii. See Clip 7: Photosynthesis.
12. What is the principal currency of energy in cells?
A. carbohydrates
B. DNA
C. ATP
D. proteins
Answer key
i. Q12 C
ii. Feedback: The energy from the sun is harvested during photosynthesis and is used to
make sugars. When needed, the energy stored in sugars is transferred to a molecule
called ATP that supplies its energy to doing work throughout the cell.
iii. See Clips 7: Photosynthesis, 8: Cellular Respiration. 24: Fixing Carbon and Carbon
Exchange Rate.
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Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
13. In flowering plants, the ___________________ is inside the flower.
A. sporophyte
B. gametophyte
C. diploid phase
D. vegetative phase
Answer key
i. Q13 B
ii. Feedback: In flowering plants, the gametophyte is in the flower, which produces the
seed. The rest of the plant, which is called the sporophyte, has a diploid chromosome
number.
iii. See Clip 13: Angiosperms, 15: Plant Reproduction, 16: Seeds and Germination.
14. Flowers have male parts that produce the ____________.
A. sepal
B. petal
C. ovary
D. pollen
Answer key
i. Q14 D
ii. Feedback: In angiosperms, pollen is produced in the anther of a flower. The anther and
filament make up the stamen, or male part of a flower.
iii. See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
15. The conversion of most of the light energy into chemical energy takes place in the
__________________.
A. electron transport chain
B. antenna chlorophyll molecules
C. photons
D. mitochondria
Answer key
i. Q15 A
ii. Feedback: The electron transport chain extracts low-energy electrons from water and,
using light energy, raises their energy level sufficiently to reduce NADP+. The resulting
NADPH has a reducing potential sufficient to reduce carbon dioxide.
iii. See Clip 7: Photosynthesis.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
16. Most of the reactions of cellular respiration are carried out in a cellular organelle called a _____.
A. vacuole
B. ribosome
C. chloroplast
D. mitochondrion
Answer key
i. Q16 D
ii. Feedback: The citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain are located in the
mitochondria.
iii. See Clip 8 Cellular Respiration.
17. The production of beer, wine, and bread involves a process called ________________________.
A. distillation
B. fermentation
C. fusion
D. combination
Answer key
i. Q17 B
ii. Feedback: The production of beer, wine, and bread involves the fermentation of the
sugar glucose by yeast.
iii. See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology.
18. Fermentation produces ______________.
A. glucose and ethanol
B. glucose and water
C. carbon dioxide and ethanol
D. carbon dioxide and water
Answer key
i. Q18 C
ii. Feedback: During fermentation, yeast converts glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol.
iii. See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
19. True or False? The terms bioengineering and biotechnology refer to any application of technology
to living systems, including genetic modification (GM).
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer key
i. Q19 TRUE
ii. Feedback: The terms bioengineering and biotechnology refer to any application of
technology to living systems.
iii. See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology.
20. Phytoremediation refers to ____________________________.
A. increasing the growth rate of plants
B. using plants to make drugs
C. increasing the rate of photosynthesis
D. using plants to clean up soil
Answer key
i. Q20 D
ii. Feedback: Using plants to clean up soil is called phytoremediation. The idea is to
grow so-called accumulator species on mine tailings and wastes from paper mills, for
example, where these plants would extract the heavy metals.
iii. See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology. 21. A genetically uniform group of individuals derived from a single organism by asexual
reproduction is ___________________.
A. a clone
B. a hybrid
C. homozygous
D. heterozygous
Answer key
i. Q21 A
ii. Feedback: A clone can be defined as a genetically uniform group of individuals derived
from a single organism by asexual reproduction.
iii. See Clips 15: Plant Reproduction and 18: Plant and Seed Dispersal.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
22. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces _____________ that acts in the gut of lepidopteran larvae.
A. a nutrient
B. an antibiotic
C. a toxic protein
D. a vitamin
Answer key
i. Q22 C
ii. Feedback: One of the most common gut toxins - or enterotoxins - is the protein
produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a common soil bacterium. When the protein
is ingested by lepidopteran (corn borer) larvae, the protein binds to receptors in the
insect’s gut and interferes with the absorption of nutrients.
iii. See Clip 30: Genetically Modified Plants.
23. True or False? Seeds can disperse great distances but cannot survive for a long period of time.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer key
i. Q23 FALSE
ii. Feedback: Seeds can disperse great distances and can survive for a long period of
time. For example, seeds of arctic lupine found in Alaska were germinated after an
estimated dormancy of 10,000 years.
iii. See Clips 16: Seeds and Germination and 18: Plant Seed Dispersal.
24. What is the plasma membrane made up of?
A. organelles
B. microtubules
C. a lipid bilayer and proteins
D. microfilaments and skeleton
Answer key
i. Q24 C
ii. Feedback: The plasma membrane consists of proteins embedded in a layer of lipids.
The lipid molecules consist of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. Because
the inside and outside of cells consist mostly of water, the lipid molecules orient
themselves in a double layer so that their tails come together and their heads face the
water. Therefore, the plasma membrane is known as a lipid bilayer.
iii. See Clip 1: Plant Cells.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
25. Which of these plants is an S-strategist plant?
A. corn plant
B. oak tree
C. dandelion
D. cactus
Answer key
i. Q25 D
ii. Feedback: The S strategy is used by stress-tolerant species. These plants grow slowly
in harsh but stable environments in which there are few resources available. Desert
plants such as cacti are S-strategists.
iii. See Clip 14: Life Cycles and Life History.
26. Which of these structures are unique to plant cells?
A. nuclei, nucleoli, and ribosomes
B. cell walls, vacuoles, and plastids
C. Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticuli, and mitochondria
D. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and microtubules
Answer key
i. Q26 B
ii. Feedback: Cell walls, vacuoles, and plastids are found only in plant cells.
iii. See Clip 1: Plant Cells.
27. The below-ground dermal tissue (or dermis) of a plant controls ______________________.
A. loss of water and nutrients
B. photosynthesis
C. uptake of water and nutrients
D. reproduction
Answer key
i. Q27 C
ii. Feedback: The dermal tissue system surrounds the entire plant, both above and below
ground. Its primary function is protection. Below-ground, the surface cells of the root
bridge the interior of a plant and the water in the soil, facilitating the uptake of water
and nutrients from the environment.
iii. See Clip 2: Plant Tissues and 4: Roots.
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Plant Biology:
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Instructor’s guide
28. Secondary growth of plant stems ___________________.
A. makes tree trunks wider
B. makes tree trunks taller
C. produces new leaves
D. produces new branches
Answer key
i. Q28 A
ii. Feedback: The process of lateral thickening in stems—growth that makes tree trunks
get wider each year—is known as secondary growth. Secondary thickening of stems
occurs through the production of new vascular tissues and a new set of dermal tissues
as well.
iii. See Clip 3: Stems and 17: Early Seedling Development.
29. In addition to providing anchorage and storage, roots absorb________________________.
A. cellulose and lignin
B. lipids and protein
C. CO2 and glucose
D. water and nutrients
Answer key
i. Q29 D
ii. Feedback: Plants absorb almost all of their water and nutrients through their roots.
iii. See Clips 2: Plant Tissues, 4: Roots, and 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients.
30. The primary functions of leaves are _________________________.
A. photosynthesis and transpiration
B. photorespiration and evaporation
C. absorption of water and nutrients
D. storage of starches or sugar
Answer key
i. Q30 A
ii. Feedback: The primary function of leaves is to photosynthesize sugars. Transpiration
accounts for more than 90% of the water lost by plants. However, it is necessary
for moving water up to the tops of tall plants and trees. The positive water pressure
generated by the roots would not be sufficient to push water much higher than a few
feet. Transpiration is both the evaporation of liquid water into a gas and diffusion of
gaseous water out of the leaf.
iii. See Clip 6: Leaves and Transpiration.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
31. The leaf structures responsible for causing a painful sting when one touches a stinging nettle are
the __________.
A. stomata
B. petioles
C. wax layers
D. leaf hairs
Answer key
i. Q31 D
ii. Feedback: The leaves and stems of nettles are covered with needle-like leaf hairs,
called trichomes, that deliver a painful sting. At the base of each trichome is a
multicellular bulb that is embedded in the epidermal cells and that produces the paininducing chemicals. Stinging hairs are effective protective structures for the plant.
iii. See Clips 27: Plant Defenses and 6: Leaves and Transpiration.
32. The anatomy of a flower includes the stamen, petal, receptacle, pedicel, sepal, and
______________.
A. carpel
B. radicle
C. embryo
D. cuticle
Answer key
i. Q32 A
ii. Feedback: The anatomy of a perfect flower includes the stamen, petal, receptacle,
pedicel, sepal, and carpel (pistil). The carpel/pistil consists of the stigma, style, and
ovary.
iii. See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
33. True or False? A tropism is a response in which the direction of growth of a plant is determined by
an environmental stimulus.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer key
i. Q33 TRUE
ii. Feedback: A tropism is a biological phenomenon, indicating growth or turning
movement of a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus. Phototropism is
movement or growth in response to light.
iii. See Clip 17: Early Seedling Development and 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
34. The tissues that are derived from the root and shoot _______________________are called
primary tissues.
A. vascular cambium
B. apical meristems
C. endoderm
D. epiderm
Answer key
i. Q34 B
ii. Feedback: The tissues that are derived from the root and shoot apical meristems are called
primary tissues. The tissues laid down by the vascular cambium are called secondary
tissues.
iii. See Clip 17: Early Seedling Development.
35. Modern western pharmacies sell drugs, _________ of which are based on plants.
A. all
B. at least 25%
C. none
D. a couple
Answer key
i. Q35 B
ii. Feedback: At least 25% of the drugs sitting on today’s modern pharmacy shelves are based
on plants. Though most drugs are synthesized or grown in a laboratory, many more owe
their discovery to plants, from which chemicals were extracted and found to have the
potential to be turned into drugs.
iii. See Clip 28: Medicinal Plants.
36. Gravitropism in roots is a complex response involving starch grains and a plant growth hormone called
_________________.
A. auxin
B. gibberellin
C. ethylene
D. cytokinin
Answer key
i. Q36 A
ii. Feedback: Gravitropism depends on the pattern of auxin flow through the root. It is a
complex response that in addition to the plant growth hormone also involves starch grains.
iii. See Clip 20: Plant Hormones and 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
37. The plant hormone used to ripen bananas, honeydew melons, and tomatoes is
_________________.
A. abscisic acid
B. gibberellin
C. auxin
D. ethylene
Answer key
i. Q37 D
ii. Feedback: Ethylene is used to ripen bananas, honeydew melons, and tomatoes. The
fruit is picked before it ripens so that it will withstand being shipped long distances.
iii. See Clip 20: Plant Hormones.
38. Short-day plants _______________.
A. etiolate in the dark
B. wilt in response to short days
C. flower in response to short days
D. flower at night
Answer key
i. Q38 C
ii. Feedback: Photoperiodic responses of plants are grouped into one of three categories.
Short-day plants flower in response to short days. Other plants are considered longday plants because they flower in response to long days. The third category includes
plants that flower regardless of photoperiod. These are called day-neutral plants.
iii. See Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks.
39. Circadian clocks of plants under natural growing conditions have a ________________ period.
A. slow-running
B. 24-hour
C. free-running
D. 36-hour
Answer key
i. Q39 B
ii. Feedback: Under natural growing conditions, circadian clocks of plants are
synchronized to the solar 24-hour day and night cycle.
iii. See Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
40. Adaptations of desert plants include __________________.
A. increased evaporation
B. conservation of water
C. increased transpiration
D. conservation of heat
Answer key
i. Q40 B
ii. Feedback: The primary stress for plants in a high temperature environment is excess
water loss, or desiccation. Most desert plants are adapted to minimize water loss or to
avoid it altogether.
iii. See Clips 6: Leaves and Transpiration and 14: Life Cycles and Life History of Plants.
41. In gymnosperms, pollen is disseminated by __________.
A. birds
B. water
C. bees
D. wind
Answer key
i. Q41 D
ii. Feedback: In gymnosperms, pollen grains are transferred to the female organs by
wind.
iii. See Clips 12: Gymnosperms and 15: Plant Reproduction.
42. What is the site of fertilization and seed formation in angiosperms?
A. the carpel
B. the sepal
C. the petal
D. the stamen
Answer key
i. Q42 A
ii. Feedback The carpel contains the ovules and is the site of fertilization and seed
formation.
iii. See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
43. Mycorrhizae are fungi that grow on a host plant’s roots. They help their host by providing
__________.
A. carbohydrates as an energy source
B. nutrients from the soil
C. antibiotics
D. water from the soil
Answer key
i. Q43 B
ii. Feedback: Mycorrhizae are fungi that grow on a host plant’s roots. The fungus
provides the plant with nutrients from the soil. The plant provides the fungus with a
carbohydrate energy source.
iii. See Clip 23: Fungi/Mycorrhizae.
44. One adaptation of bryophytes to life on land are that they have ______________________.
A. a vascular system
B. rhizoids
C. roots
D. reproductive structures
Answer key
i. Q44 B
ii. Feedback: Instead of using roots to take up water and anchor themselves in place,
bryophytes use specialized cells called rhizoids. Most bryophytes use their entire
bodies to gather water and nutrients from the environment.
iii. See Clip 10: Bryophytes.
45. Where would you expect liverworts to grow?
A. in the desert
B. in a corn field
C. by a mountain stream
D. on a sand dune
Answer key
i. Q45 C
ii. Feedback: Liverworts are restricted to moist environments partly because they lack
vascular tissue, but also because water is required for sperm to swim to the eggs
during sexual reproduction.
iii. See Clip 10: Bryophytes.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
46. Ferns do not have ____________________.
A. leaves
B. vascular tissues
C. seeds
D. roots
Answer key
i. Q46 C
ii. Feedback: Ferns belong to the seedless vascular group of plants.
iii. See Clip 11: Seedless Vascular Plants.
47. The gametophyte stage is the dominant phase in which of the following plants?
A. pine tree
B. liverwort
C. apple tree
D. fern
Answer key
i. Q47 B
ii. Feedback: Liverworts belong to the bryophytes. The life cycle of bryophytes has
distinct gametophyte and sporophyte generations. The free-living gametophyte is
the dominant phase. The short-lived sporophyte is attached to and nutritionally
dependent upon the gametophyte. In the other plants listed the dominant phase is the
sporophyte.
iii. See Clips 10: Bryophytes, and for why not A, C, D see 11: Seedless Vascular Plants, 12:
Gymnosperms, 13: Angiosperms.
48. An apple tree would be classified in the same class as which of the following?
A. pine tree
B. dandelion
C. fern
D. cycad
Answer key
i. Q48 B
ii. Feedback: Apple trees and dandelions both belong to the class Angiospermopsida.
iii. See Clip 13: Angiosperms, For why not answers A, C, D see 10: Bryophytes, 11:
Seedless Vascular Plants, 12: Gymnosperms.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
49. The growing pollen tube in a flower is the _______________________.
A. ovule
B. sporophyte
C. male gametophyte
D. female gametophyte
Answer key
i. Q49 C
ii. Feedback: When the pollen grain germinates on the stigma of a flower, the tube cell
controls the growth of the pollen tube. This tube grows through the style toward
the ovary, carrying with it the generative cell. The growing pollen tube is the male
gametophyte.
iii. See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
50. Which one of these is the longest-lived woody perennial?
A. sugar maple
B. bristlecone pine
C. oak tree
D. giant sequoia
Answer key
i. Q50 B
ii. Feedback: A bristlecone pine population in the White Mountains of California contains
the oldest known living organisms on Earth. Several trees have been aged at over
4,700 years old.
iii. See Clip 12: Gymnosperms.
51. A library or collection of plants is called __________.
A. an herbivore
B. a plantation
C. an herbarium
D. an aquarium
Answer key
i. Q51 C
ii. Feedback: Plants are collected, dried, and mounted flat, then stored in temperature
and humidity controlled cases. The collection is called an herbarium and the
collections are designed to allow scientists the opportunity to compare morphological
and, more recently, genetic features of plants.
iii. See Clip 9: Classification of Plants.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
E. Assessment Answer Key: Answers Only (51)
1.
• Q1 A
• Feedback: Ethnobotany is the study of how people of particular cultures and regions
make use of the plants in their local environments. Plants can be used for food,
medicine, fuel, shelter, and, in many cultures, religious ceremonies.
• See Clip 32: Ethnobotany.
2.
• Q2 D
• Feedback: Most scientists use canopy measurements to define a forest. The canopy
is the roof of the forest created by boughs and branches from one tree interweaving
with neighboring trees. Generally, a forest has at least 40% canopy cover.
• See Clip 31: Forestry.
3.
• Q3 C
• Feedback: The condition of having multiple sets of chromosomes in the gamete is
called polyploidy. The seedless watermelon is a type of polyploid called a triploid,
meaning it has three sets of chromosomes in its zygote and somatic cells.
• See Clip 19: Polyploid Plants.
4.
• Q4 C
• Feedback: In flowering plants, there are five different phytochromes that affect
different biological activities when activated by red or far-red light.
• See Clips 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms and 26: Photoperiodism and
Biological Clocks.
5.
• Q5 A
• Feedback: The canopy of the forest is made up of the interlaced crowns of the tallest
trees. Mature oak trees are part of the forest canopy.
• See Clip 31: Forestry.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
6.
• Q6 C
• Feedback: Bacteria and fungi provide most of the nitrogen needs of forest trees.
• See Clips 21: Plant Nutrients, 22: The Rhizosphere, and 23: Fungi/Mycorrhizae.
7.
• Q7 FALSE
• Feedback: Phloem transports the sugars created by photosynthesis from the leaves to
other parts of the plant. Xylem transports water and minerals upward from the roots
and distributes them throughout the plant.
• See Clips 2: Plant Tissues, 3: Stems, 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients.
8.
• Q8 C
• Feedback: Photoperiod is a term that describes the relative numbers of hours of
daylight and darkness. Flowering in most angiosperms is triggered by night length.
• See Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks.
9.
• Q9 FALSE
• Feedback: Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Azospirillum and Cyanobacteria
are found naturally in the soil. Microbes that belong to the genus Rhizobium form
nodules on the roots of legumes and convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into a
form that becomes soluble in the soil and available for plant uptake.
• See Clip 21: Plant Nutrients.
10.
• Q10 D
• Feedback: Caterpillars are herbivores. They may become destructive to their host
plants.
• See Clip 27: Plant Defenses and 30: Genetically Modified Plants.
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Plant Biology:
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Instructor’s guide
11.
• Q11 A
• Feedback: Carbon dioxide, which is required for photosynthesis, may become depleted
in a greenhouse. Injection of carbon dioxide into the closed greenhouse can increase
photosynthesis and speed up the time to harvest.
• See Clip 7: Photosynthesis.
12.
• Q12 C
• Feedback: The energy from the sun is harvested during photosynthesis and is used to
make sugars. When needed, the energy stored in sugars is transferred to a molecule
called ATP that supplies its energy to doing work throughout the cell.
• See Clips 7: Photosynthesis, 8: Cellular Respiration. 24: Fixing Carbon and Carbon
Exchange Rate.
13.
• Q13 B
• Feedback: In flowering plants, the gametophyte is in the flower, which produces the
seed. The rest of the plant, which is called the sporophyte, has a diploid chromosome
number.
• See Clip 13: Angiosperms, 15: Plant Reproduction, 16: Seeds and Germination.
14.
• Q14 D
• Feedback: In angiosperms, pollen is produced in the anther of a flower. The anther and
filament make up the stamen, or male part of a flower.
• See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
15.
• Q15 A
• Feedback: The electron transport chain extracts low-energy electrons from water and,
using light energy, raises their energy level sufficiently to reduce NADP+. The resulting
NADPH has a reducing potential sufficient to reduce carbon dioxide.
• See Clip 7: Photosynthesis.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
16.
• Q16 D
• Feedback: The citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain are located in the
mitochondria.
• See Clip 8: Cellular Respiration.
17.
• Q17 B
• Feedback: The production of beer, wine, and bread involves the fermentation of the
sugar glucose by yeast.
• See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology.
18.
• Q18 C
• Feedback: During fermentation, yeast converts glucose to carbon dioxide and ethanol.
• See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology.
19.
• Q19 TRUE
• Feedback: The terms bioengineering and biotechnology refer to any application of
technology to living systems.
• See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology. 20.
• Q20 D
• Feedback: Using plants to clean up soil is called phytoremediation. The idea is to
grow so-called accumulator species on mine tailings and wastes from paper mills, for
example, where these plants would extract the heavy metals.
• See Clip 29: Fermentation and Plant Biotechnology. 21.
• Q21 A
• Feedback: A clone can be defined as a genetically uniform group of individuals derived
from a single organism by asexual reproduction.
• See Clips 15: Plant Reproduction and 18: Plant and Seed Dispersal.
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Plant Biology:
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Instructor’s guide
22.
• Q22 C
• Feedback: One of the most common gut toxins - or enterotoxins - is the protein
produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a common soil bacterium. When the protein is
ingested by lepidopteran larvae, the protein binds to receptors in the insect’s gut and
interferes with the absorption of nutrients.
• See Clip 30: Genetically Modified Plants.
23.
• Q23 FALSE
• Feedback: Seeds can disperse great distances and can survive for a long period of
time. For example, seeds of arctic lupine found in Alaska were germinated after an
estimated dormancy of 10,000 years.
• See Clips 16: Seeds and Germination and 18: Plant Seed Dispersal.
24.
• Q24 C
• Feedback: The plasma membrane consists of proteins embedded in a layer of lipids.
The lipid molecules consist of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. Because
the inside and outside of cells consist mostly of water, the lipid molecules orient
themselves in a double layer so that their tails come together and their heads face the
water. Therefore, the plasma membrane is known as a lipid bilayer.
• See Clip 1: Plant Cells.
25.
• Q25 D
• Feedback: The S strategy is used by stress-tolerant species. These plants grow slowly
in harsh but stable environments in which there are few resources available. Desert
plants such as cacti are S-strategists.
• See Clip 14: Life Cycles and Life History of Plants.
26.
• Q26 B
• Feedback: Cell walls, vacuoles, and plastids are found only in plant cells.
• See Clip 1: Plant Cells.
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Plant Biology:
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Instructor’s guide
27.
• Q27 C
• Feedback: The dermal tissue system surrounds the entire plant, both above and below
ground. Its primary function is protection. Below-ground, the surface cells of the root
bridge the interior of a plant and the water in the soil, facilitating the uptake of water
and nutrients from the environment.
• See Clip 2: Plant Tissues and 4: Roots.
28.
• Q28 A
• Feedback: The process of lateral thickening in stems—growth that makes tree trunks
get wider each year—is known as secondary growth. Secondary thickening of stems
occurs through the production of new vascular tissues and a new set of dermal tissues
as well.
• See Clip 3: Stems and 17: Early Seedling Development.
29.
• Q29 D
• Feedback: Plants absorb almost all of their water and nutrients through their roots.
• See Clips 2: Plant Tissues, 4: Roots, and 5: Transport of Water & Nutrients.
30.
• Q30 A
• Feedback: The primary function of leaves is to photosynthesize sugars. Transpiration
accounts for more than 90% of the water lost by plants. However, it is necessary
for moving water up to the tops of tall plants and trees. The positive water pressure
generated by the roots would not be sufficient to push water much higher than a few
feet. Transpiration is both the evaporation of liquid water into a gas and diffusion of
gaseous water out of the leaf.
• See Clip 6: Leaves and Transpiration.
31.
• Q31 D
• Feedback: The leaves and stems of nettles are covered with needle-like leaf hairs,
called trichomes, that deliver a painful sting. At the base of each trichome is a
multicellular bulb that is embedded in the epidermal cells and that produces the paininducing chemicals. Stinging hairs are effective protective structures for the plant.
• See Clips 27: Plant Defenses and 6: Leaves and Transpiration.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
32.
• Q32 A
• Feedback: The anatomy of a perfect flower includes the stamen, petal, receptacle,
pedicel, sepal, and carpel (pistil). The carpel/pistil consists of the stigma, style, and
ovary.
• See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
33.
• Q33 TRUE
• Feedback: A tropism is a biological phenomenon, indicating growth or turning
movement of a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus. Phototropism is
movement or growth in response to light.
• See Clip 17: Early Seedling Development and 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms.
34.
• Q34 B
• Feedback: The tissues that are derived from the root and shoot apical meristems
are called primary tissues. The tissues laid down by the vascular cambium are called
secondary tissues.
• See Clip 17: Early Seedling Development.
35.
• Q35 B
• Feedback: At least 25% of the drugs sitting on today’s modern pharmacy shelves are
based on plants. Though most drugs are synthesized or grown in a laboratory, many
more owe their discovery to plants, from which chemicals were extracted and found
to have the potential to be turned into drugs.
• See Clip 28: Medicinal Plants.
36.
• Q36 A
• Feedback: Gravitropism depends on the pattern of auxin flow through the root. It is a
complex response that in addition to the plant growth hormone also involves starch
grains.
• See Clip 20: Plant Hormones and 25: Photomorphogenesis and Tropisms.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
37.
• Q37 D
• Feedback: Ethylene is used to ripen bananas, honeydew melons, and tomatoes. The
fruit is picked before it ripens so that it will withstand being shipped long distances.
• See Clip 20: Plant Hormones.
38.
• Q38 C
• Feedback: Photoperiodic responses of plants are grouped into one of three categories.
Short-day plants flower in response to short days. Other plants are considered longday plants because they flower in response to long days. The third category includes
plants that flower regardless of photoperiod. These are called day-neutral plants.
• See Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks.
39.
• Q39 B
• Feedback: Under natural growing conditions, circadian clocks of plants are
synchronized to the solar 24-hour day and night cycle.
• See Clip 26: Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks.
40.
• Q40 B
• Feedback: The primary stress for plants in a high temperature environment is excess
water loss, or desiccation. Most desert plants are adapted to minimize water loss or to
avoid it altogether.
• See Clips 6: Leaves and Transpiration and 14: Life Cycles and Life History of Plants.
41.
• Q41 D
• Feedback: In gymnosperms, pollen grains are transferred to the female organs by
wind.
• See Clips 12: Gymnosperms and 15: Plant Reproduction.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
42.
• Q42 A
• Feedback The carpel contains the ovules and is the site of fertilization and seed
formation.
• See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
43.
• Q43 B
• Feedback: Mycorrhizae are fungi that grow on a host plant’s roots. The fungus
provides the plant with nutrients from the soil. The plant provides the fungus with a
carbohydrate energy source.
• See Clip 23: Fungi/Mycorrhizae.
44.
• Q44 B
• Feedback: Instead of using roots to take up water and anchor themselves in place,
bryophytes use specialized cells called rhizoids. Most bryophytes use their entire
bodies to gather water and nutrients from the environment.
• See Clip 10: Bryophytes.
45.
• Q45 C
• Feedback: Liverworts are restricted to moist environments partly because they lack
vascular tissue, but also because water is required for sperm to swim to the eggs
during sexual reproduction.
• See Clip 10: Bryophytes.
46.
• Q46 C
• Feedback: Ferns belong to the seedless vascular group of plants.
• See Clip 11: Seedless Vascular Plants.
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Plant Biology:
Core Concepts Video Clip Library
Instructor’s guide
47.
• Q47 B
• Feedback: Liverworts belong to the bryophytes. The life cycle of bryophytes has
distinct gametophyte and sporophyte generations. The free-living gametophyte is
the dominant phase. The short-lived sporophyte is attached to and nutritionally
dependent upon the gametophyte. In the other plants listed the dominant phase is the
sporophyte.
• See Clips 10: Bryophytes, and for why not A, C, D see 11: Seedless Vascular Plants, 12:
Gymnosperms, 13: Angiosperms.
48.
• Q48 B
• Feedback: Apple trees and dandelions both belong to the class Angiospermopsida.
• See Clip 13: Angiosperms, For why not answers A, C, D see 10: Bryophytes, 11 Seedless
Vascular Plants, 12: Gymnosperms. 49.
• Q49 C
• Feedback: When the pollen grain germinates on the stigma of a flower, the tube cell
controls the growth of the pollen tube. This tube grows through the style toward
the ovary, carrying with it the generative cell. The growing pollen tube is the male
gametophyte.
• See Clip 13: Angiosperms.
50.
• Q50 B
• Feedback: A bristlecone pine population in the White Mountains of California contains
the oldest known living organisms on Earth. Several trees have been aged at over
4,700 years old.
• See Clip 12: Gymnosperms.
51.
• Q51 C
• Feedback: Plants are collected, dried, and mounted flat, then stored in temperature
and humidity controlled cases. The collection is called an herbarium and the
collections are designed to allow scientists the opportunity to compare morphological
and, more recently, genetic features of plants.
• See Clip 9: Classification of Plants. Films for the
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