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Air Mass
A massive bubble of air that has the
same temperature and pressure
throughout.
Air Pressure
The force of air pushing down on Earth.
Almanac
A book that contains weather data and
forecasts.
Altitude
The elevation above sea level.
Anemometer
A device that measures wind speed.
Aneroid Barometer
A barometer that measures pressure without
using fluids.
Atmosphere
The layer of air that surrounds the earth.
Barometer
A device used to measure air pressure.
Beaufort Scale
A scale that relates the wind speed to its
effects, classified from force 0 to force
12.
Blizzard
A heavy snowstorm with strong winds and
cold temperatures.
Cirrus
High level clouds made mostly of ice
crystals. They indicate fair weather.
Cirrus Cloud
A high-altitude cloud with a featherlike
shape, made of ice crystals.
Climate
The average weather over a
long period of time.
Cold front
The leading edge of a moving mass of
cold air, brings thunderstorms, and
leaves behind cooler air.
Condensation
When a gas becomes a liquid.
Continental Air Mass
An air mass with continental characteristics.
Convection
The flow of heat through a liquid or a gas,
causing hot parts to rise and cooler parts
to sink.
Convection Cell
A circular pattern of air rising, air sinking,
and wind.
Coriolis Effect
The curving of the path of a moving object
caused by Earth’s rotation.
Cumulonimbus
Clouds that bring summer storms,
usually with thunder, lighting, and
strong winds.
Cumulus
Mid-level, puffy clouds.
They indicate fair weather.
Cumulus Cloud
A puffy cloud that appears to rise up from
a flat bottom.
Dew
Water that forms on objects close to the
ground when its temperature falls below
the dew point of the surface air.
Dew Point
The temperature at which water starts to
condense out of a particular air mass. The
dew point temperature changes only when
the moisture content of the air changes.
The higher the dew point, the greater the
moisture content is in the air.
Doldrums
A region near the equator with very calm
winds.
Doppler Radar
A method of tracking the movement of
weather systems.
Easterlies
Global winds at the poles of the earth.
These global winds sometimes affect
our weather during the winter months.
Evaporation
When a liquid
becomes a gas.
Flood
The rising of a body of water and its
overflowing onto normally dry land.
Fog
Clouds that form at ground level.
Forecast
A prediction of what the future weather
will be like.
Front
Where air masses meet, but do not mix
and rain or storms occur.
Frost
Ice crystals forming a white deposit.
Greenhouse Effect
Process by which the Earth's atmosphere
absorbs heat.
Hail
Pellets made of ice and snow.
High Pressure
An air mass of higher than normal pressure.
Humidity
The amount of water vapor in the air.
Hurricane
A large rotating windstorm with a calm
central eye and winds greater than 75
mph.
Hygrometer
An instrument that measures the water
vapor content of air or the humidity.
Insolation
The amount of the Sun’s energy that
reaches Earth at a given time and place.
Ionosphere
An atmospheric layer, with a high
concentration of ions and free electrons,
which can reflect radio waves.
Isobar
A line drawn on a weather map that
connects locations with the same air
pressure.
Land Breeze
Wind that blows from land to sea.
Lightning
One of the huge electric sparks that leap
from clouds to the ground in
thunderstorms.
Low Pressure
An air mass of lower than normal
pressure; often brings precipitation.
Maritime Air Mass
An air mass influenced by the sea.
Mercury Barometer
An instrument that contains a glass tube
and mercury that is used to measures
atmospheric pressure.
Mesosphere
The atmospheric layer between the
stratosphere and the thermosphere.
Meteorologist
isobars
A person who studies the weather.
Meteorology
The study of the earth’s atmosphere and
what happens in it.
Mountain Breeze
A cool night wind that blows down a
mountain slope to replace the warmer air
in the valley.
NEXRAD
A new form of Doppler radar that is used
to track storms.
Nimbus
The Latin word for "rain" used to describe
a cloud or group of clouds from which rain
is falling.
Occluded Front
Where a cold front catches up to and
overtakes a warm front.
Ozone Layer
A layer of ozone gas in the atmosphere
that screens out much of the Sun’s UV
(ultraviolet) rays.
Precipitation
Any liquid or solid form of water that falls
from the atmosphere.
For example:
rain, snow, hail, or sleet.
Prevailing Winds
The speed and direction of wind over a
particular point on the earth's surface.
Radiation
The transfer of heat through ectromagnetic
rays.
Radiosondes
Devices carried into the atmosphere by
balloons that use radio to gather and send
data.
Rain
Liquid precipitation in the form of water
drops that falls from clouds.
Rain Gauge
A device used to measure the amount of
precipitation in a given area.
Relative Humidity
A comparison between how much water
vapor is in the air and how much the air
could hold at a given temperature if it were
full, or saturated.
Rotating
A movement of an object in a circular
motion.
Saturated
Being the most concentrated solution
possible at a given temperature.
Sea Breeze
Wind that blows from sea to land.
Sleet
Solid precipitation in the form of ice pellets
form when raindrops, originating in warmer
air aloft, freeze as they fall through
subfreezing air near the surface of the
Earth.
Smog
A mixture of smoke and fog.
Snow
Precipitation that is composed of white ice
crystals that fall from clouds. Snow may
stick together to form snowflakes, which
have a hexagonal or six-sided shape.
Station Model
A weather symbol that represents the
state of the weather at a particular
place.
Stationary Front
When a cold and a warm air mass meet,
but neither moves.
Statistical Forecasting
Concentrates on using the past to predict
the future by identifying trends and
patterns to develop a forecast.
Storm Plunge
or
Storm Surge
A great rise of the sea along a shore caused
by low air pressure.
Stratus
Flat, featureless clouds low in the
atmosphere that cover the sky like a
blanket. They indicate rain.
Stratus Cloud
A cloud that forms in a blanket like layer.
Stratosphere
The layer above the troposphere where
temperatures gradually increase with
height.
Temperate Zones
Lie between the tropics and the polar
circles; the changes in these regions
between summer and winter are generally
mild, rather than extreme hot or cold.
Temperature
A measurement of the amount of heat
something contains.
Thermometer
A device designed to measure
temperatures; can be calibrated in
Fahrenheit and/or Celsius.
Thermosphere
The outermost layer of the atmosphere
containing very little gas.
Thunder
The noise caused by lightning-heated air
during a thunderstorm.
Thunderhead
A cumulonimbus cloud in which a
thunderstorm forms.
Thunderstorm
The most common severe storm, formed in
cumulonimbus clouds.
Tornado
A narrow, violent funnel cloud that may
form during a thunderstorm with winds
greater than 65 kph.
Trade Winds
A belt of winds around Earth moving from
high pressure zones toward the low
pressure at the equator.
Tropical Zone
The warm zone located around the equator.
Troposphere
The layer of the atmosphere closest to
Earth’s surface.
Turbulent
The changes in wind speed and direction,
frequently caused by obstacles. Also
known as violate wind.
Valley Breeze
The movement of air created by warm air
rising and flowing up the slope of a
mountain.
Warm Front
The leading edge of a moving
mass of warm air, brings rain showers,
leaves behind warmer air.
Water Cycle
The journey water takes as it circulates
from the land to the sky and back
again.
Water Vapor
Water in its gaseous state-instead of
liquid or solid. It is totally invisible.
Weather
The state of the atmosphere: considering
wind, temperature, cloudiness,
moisture, pressure, and other factors.
Weather Pattern
When the weather repeats itself several
days in a row.
Weather Station Model
A weather station model shows the current
weather conditions at a particular place at
a particular time. This includes information
on temperature, precipitation, cloud cover,
air pressure, wind speed, and wind
direction.
Westerlies
The global winds that carry weather
over the United States, traveling from
West to East.
Wind
isobars
Air flowing from high pressure to low
pressure .
Wind Vane
A wind vane, also known as a weather
vane or weathercock, is an instrument for
showing the direction of the wind.