Download South Florida Shade Trees - Lee County Extension

South Florida Shade Trees: Identifications and Selections
Stephen H. Brown
UF/IFAS
Lee County Extension Service
Fort Myers, Florida
[email protected] (239) 533-7513
Contents
Native, Flowering and Fruit Trees
Introduction
List of Shade Trees
African Tulip
American Elm
Avocado
Bald Cypress
Bishopwood
Black Olive Trees
Species
‘Shady Lady’
Black Sapote
Brazilian Beautyleaf
Brush Cherry
Camphor Tree
Ear Tree
Ficus Trees
Indian/Cuban Laurel
Rubber Tree
Rusty Fig
Strangler Fig
Weeping Fig
Golden Rain Tree
Golden Shower
Green Buttonwood
Gumbo Limbo
Hong Kong Orchid
Indian Rosewood
Jacaranda
Jamaican Dogwood
Longan
Loquat
Lychee
Lysiloma Trees
Sabicu
Wild Tamarind
Mahogany
Mango
Manila Tamarind
Oak Trees
Laurel Oak
Live Oak
Peltophorum Trees
Copper Pod
Yellow Poinciana
Podocarpus Trees
Weeping Podocarpus
Yew Podocarpus
Pongam
Rain Tree
Red Maple
Royal Poinciana
Sausage Tree
Sea Grape
Shavingbrush Tree
Slash Pine
Snow in Summer
Southern Magnolia
Southern Red Cedar
Sweetgum
Sycamore
Tamarind
Tipu Tree
Tropical Almond
Weeping Bottlebrush
Yellow Tabebuia
References
A list of Florida native Trees, flowering and fruit Trees found in this publication.
Florida Natives
Flowering Trees
Fruit Trees
American Elm
African Tulip
Avocado
Bald Cypress
Copper Pod
Black Sapote
Strangler Fig
Golden Rain Tree
Brush Cherry
Green Buttonwood
Golden Shower
Longan
Gumbo Limbo
Hong Kong Orchid
Loquat
Jamaican Dogwood
Jacaranda
Lychee
Laurel Oak
Jamaican Dogwood
Mango
Live Oak
Pongam
Tamarind
Mahogany
Royal Poinciana
Tropical Almond
Red Maple
Sausage Tree
Sea Grape
Shavingbrush Tree
Slash Pine
Snow in Summer
Southern Magnolia
Southern Magnolia
Southern Red Cedar
Tipu Tree
Sweetgum
Weeping Bottlebrush
Sycamore
Yellow Poinciana
Wild Tamarind
Yellow Tabebuia
Introduction
A tree is defined as a woody plant that grows to 15 feet or more in height, usually with a single trunk,
growing to more than 3 inches in diameter at maturity. A shade tree is defined in this publication as any
tree large enough to provide shade or have the ability to reduce the intensity of solar radiation under its
canopy or to structures in its immediate vicinity.
This monograph includes 57 such trees that are known to perform well in South Florida. Many of these
trees are well adapted to growing in Central and North Florida and areas further north. Others are trees
of tropical origins many of which will succumb to low temperatures when planted outside South Florida.
South Florida defined here includes Collier, Lee, Sarasota to Pinellas counties on the Gulf Coast and
Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach to Indian River counties on the Atlantic coast. Some interior counties in South Florida may have areas that are too cold for a few of the trees listed. The inclusions of particular trees in this publication does not imply that others not included are any less adapted to thriving in
South Florida.
Trees are commonly referred to by their size, specifically their mature height. Tree heights are commonly divided into small, medium, or large and are defined as follows:
Small trees. Less than 25 feet tall at maturity.
Medium trees. 25 to 40 feet tall at maturity.
Large trees. 40 to 100 feet or more at maturity.
If well placed, a tree should be relatively low maintenance. Ideally, it should be planted half the width of
its mature canopy from one’s house. Yet, it is not uncommon to see branches of mature trees overhanging the roofs of many structures.
Planting a tree on the south or west side of your house keeps the hottest sun off the roof. Trees planted
on the west side block the increase of solar heat in the afternoon during summer. Trees on the east and
south sides of the house will block the solar heat in the summer, but unless they are deciduous these
same trees will block solar heat from the structure and increase the need for heating in the winter. Most
south Florida houses rarely need heating in the winter and so the latter situation does not usually present
itself.
Under normal conditions, trees will achieve their genetic potential for size, age, and form characteristic
of their species. Under less than optimal condition, trees will grow slower, be smaller at maturity, become easily stressed, have more deadwood, and will be more vulnerable to attacks by insect or disease
organisms.
In many environments or when grown amongst other trees, the natural form of some trees are never attained or are lost over time. Pruning, strong wind, insect and disease damages are often responsible for
loss of natural forms. The loss of a tree’s natural form does not necessarily make it less appealing or
less effective in providing the expected shade.
A wide variety of shade trees are included in this reference. In most cases, two or more trees of the same
species are pictured to show various forms as effected by their growing conditions and maintenance.
The IFAS Assessment of Non-Native plants in Florida’s Natural Areas (IFAS Assessment) was developed by the UF/IFAS Invasive Plants Working Group so that Extension faculty could provide consistent
recommendations concerning the use of non-native plants. The Assessment and the Working Group
were created in response to the growing awareness of the threat posed by non-native invasive species.
Contact your local county Extension office if you need assistance in selecting a tree for your particular
site and situation.
Return to first page
African Tulip
Scientific Name: Spathodea campanulata
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Tropical Africa
Leaf Persistence: Semi-deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Form: Oval
Typical Dimension: 45’x55’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flower, shade. parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Upright flowering tree. Widely distributed in warm climates. Leaves pinnate to 18
inches long. Messy when flowering. Brittle wood to the extent that most trees will lose their natural
forms. Can be devastated by frost.
Mid January
Mid June
Late April
Return to first page
American Elm
Scientific Name: Ulmus americana
Leaf Type: Simple, serrated
Origin: Florida, North America
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Vase, oval and spreading
Typical Dimension: 70’x80’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Shade
Major Problems: Dutch elm disease,
Shade Density: Heavy
phloem necrosis
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Fast growing when young. Upright. Thick dark gray bark. It was once the premier
shade and street tree in eastern North America before being ravaged by Dutch elm disease and phloem
necrosis. These diseases appear not to be as destructive in Florida.
Late May
Trunk
Early May
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Avocado
Scientific Name: Persea americana
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: Tropical America
Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Pyramidal to irregular. Upright,
Typical Dimension:45’x40’
airy to dense canopies.
Common Uses: Fruit, shade
Major Problems: Laurel wilt, Phytophthora
Salt Tolerance: Low
root rot, lace bugs, scab
Shade Density: Light-Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Not listed
Additional Notes: A medium (30 ft.) to large (60 ft.) tree classified as an evergreen but many varieties in
South Florida lose their leaves for a short time before and during flowering. Upright, canopy ranges from
symmetrical to irregular. Disease and insect control usually not warranted.
Early May
Early January
Mid May
Mid October
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Bald Cypress
Scientific Name: Taxodium distichum
Leaf Type: Needles
Origin: Florida, Southeastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Pyramidal, airy to dense.
Typical Dimension: 60’x45’
Some older trees are flat topped
Common Uses: Native restoration, shade, streets, hedge Salt Tolerance: Medium
Shade Density: Light-Medium
Major Problems: None
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Pyramidal when young, develops into a broad-topped, spreading open specimen
when mature. Maintains a desirably straight trunk. Deciduous from October/November to February/
March or April depending on tree and location. Long lived and can grow to 100 feet tall. Develops
“knees” in wet areas and none under routine landscape situations. Adapts well to urban sites.
Early May
Early August
Late September
Early August
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Bishopwood/Toog Tree
Scientific Name: Bischofia javanica
Leaf Type: Trifoliate, serrated
Origin: Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen or semi-deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 60x85’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, park
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: A very large tree with a massive trunk and aggressive surface roots. Low branching.
Separate male and female trees. Extremely messy in late winter when flowering and fruiting.
Early June
Mid December
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Black Olive
Black Olive Trees
Scientific Name: Bucida buceras
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: Caribbean, Central America
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Natural Form: Round, spreading
Typical Dimension: 45’x 75’; 40’x 55,’ ‘Shady Lady’ Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Shade, streets, parks
Major Problems: Eriophyid mites,
Shade Density: Medium-heavy
caterpillars, whiteflies
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Young trees have airy canopies becoming dense with age. Spiny to various degrees.
Can stain masonry and vehicles. Messy, primarily in spring. Tolerant of urban planting sites. Probably
overplanted. Eriophyid mites cause long slender fruit galls but no treatment is necessary. Caterpillars are
a rare problem. Leaves of species tree variable in size. ‘Shady Lady’ has smaller leaves and more compact growth. This is not the edible olive.
Black Olive (Species)
Late April
Late April
Early May
Black Olive (Species)
Black Olive Trees
Signature circumventing holes caused by yellow belly sapscukers
Flowering and Fruiting. Early April
Interior canopy: Early December
Foliage: Early December
‘Shady Lady’ Black Olive
Late May
Late April
Black Olive Trees
‘Shady Lady’ Black Olive
Black Olive Trees
Foliage. Late October
Interior Canopy. Early February.
Return to first page
Black Sapote
Scientific Name: Diospyros dignya
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: Mexico, Central America
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 35’x55’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Fruit, shade
Major Problems: Sri Lanka weevil
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Not listed.
Additional Notes: Sometimes to 70 feet tall. Thick broad canopy. Dark green foliage. Edible but not
very palatable fruit. Sometimes called the chocolate pudding tree.
Tree in full bloom. Early May.
Early May.
Immature Fruit, mid October
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Brazilian Beautyleaf
Scientific Name: Calophyllum brasiliense
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: Caribbean, Mexico
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Spreading
Typical Dimension: 60’x70’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Shade, streets, parks
Major Problems: Whiteflies
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Dark glossy leaves. Cold sensitive in parts of South Florida. Small white fragrant
flowers in late spring and summer. Golfball-sized fruit is poisonous and hard. This could be undesirable
in some landscape situations. Excellent for seaside planting.
Early November
Mid June
Mid June
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Brush Cherry
Scientific Name: Syzygium paniculatum
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: Australia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 35’x45’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Topiary, hedge, shade, fruit
Major Problems: Scales, mites
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Not listed.
Additional Notes: Dark glossy leaves. Dense foliage crown. Young foliage reddish bronze. Fruit is rose
purple and showy. Don’t plant where dropping fruit will squash on pavement.
Early June
Mid June
Inflorescences. Early June
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Camphor Tree
Scientific Name: Cinnamomum camphora
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: China, Japan
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 45’x 65’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Shade, parks
Major Problems: Scales, mites
Shade Density: Medium-Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Short trunk with several large ascending branches forms a dense canopy. Leaves give
off a camphor aroma when crushed. Small fruit can by annoyance on walks and driveways but quite
attractive to wildlife. Fruit can stain cars.
Early June
Mid August
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Ear Tree
Scientific Name: Enterolobium contortisiliqum
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: Tropical America
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous Nov.-March
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Spreading
Typical Dimension: 70’x110’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Shade, park
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Large wind resistant tree with aggressive roots. Do not plant closer than 10 feet from
walkways and 20 feet from structures.
Early May
Foliage and flowers. Mid April
Massive trunk
Seed capsule. Mid December.
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Indian/Cuban Laurel
Ficus Trees
Scientific Name: Ficus microcarpa
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: India
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 65’x110’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, hedge
Major Problems: Thrips, insect galls, thin
Shade Density: Heavy
canopies
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Aggressive root system. Requires large area for growing or frequent pruning. If kept
large, trees should be allowed to develop prop roots for enhanced storm stability. The dominant
ornamental large Ficus tree in southwest Florida. Often confused for F. benjamina.
Late October
Prop and surface roots
Mid April
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Rubber Tree
Ficus Trees
Scientific Name: Ficus elastica
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: Tropical Asia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Very fast
Natural Form: Round
Typical Height: 40’x 80’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, park
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Do not plant near buildings or pathways. Surface roots may lift sidewalks, driveway,
or other concrete structures. Can grow to 80’ tall. Large leaves are noticeable on lawns. Often seen as an
interior container plant. Several cultivars available.
Early May
Late October
Interior canopy. Early October
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Rusty Fig
Ficus Trees
Scientific Name: Ficus rubiginosa
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: Australia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Slow
Natural Form: Round
Typical Height: 45’X 55’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, parks, streets
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Dark green leaves with rusty pubescent underneath. Dense foliage. Tolerant of most
urban planting sites. It does not develop a profusion of aerial roots common to others in the genus.
Grows about 35 feet in 30 years.
Mid April
Mid April
Mid January
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Strangler Fig
Ficus Trees
Scientific Name: Ficus aurea
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: South Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean,
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Southern Mexico, Central America
Natural Form: Spreading
Growth Rate: Fast
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Typical Height: 45’x85’
Major Problems: Whiteflies, scales,
Common Uses: Shade, park
sooty mold
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Long lived. Often begins life as an epiphyte nested in the frond boots of cabbage
palms. It has an aggressive root system. Aerial roots on lower limbs creates may slim but rigid trunks.
They can become a maintenance headache and need to be removed to keep a neat-looking landscape.
Excellent wildlife food source.
Late November
Early May
Strangler Fig
Mid January
Late March
Mid April
Ficus Trees
The trunk of a tree of at least 100 years
Fruit. Mid April
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Weeping Fig
Ficus Trees
Scientific Name: Ficus benjamina
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: India, Southeast Asia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 45’x 80’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, hedge
Major Problems: Whiteflies, thrips
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Aggressive root system. Requires large area for growth or frequent pruning. Not recommended for planting close to structures or underground water pipes. Large trees should be allowed to
develop prop roots. Often confused for F. microcarpa.
Late April
Late April
Trunk
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Golden Rain Tree
Scientific Name: Koelreuteria elegans
Leaf Type: Even bipinnate, serrated leaflets
Origin: Taiwan, Japan
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous, Dec.-March
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 35’x 55’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Flowers, shade, parks, parking lots
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Densely foliated canopy. Bipinnate leaves to 2 ft. long. Small fragrant yellow flowers
held on long panicles. Seventeen intense blooming days. Seed pods look like coppery Chinese lanterns
and are held on the tree long into the fall. Jadera bugs frequent the tree in February and March to feed on
the seeds. They do not damage the tree. The bark is smooth and light brown when young, becoming
ridged and furrowed with age. Can be weedy but this is quite manageable.
Early May
In bloom. Early October
Golden Rain Tree
Early October.
Flower panicles. Early September
Fruit capsules. Late October
Return to first page
Golden Shower
Scientific Name: Cassia fistula
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: India
Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous in May
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Oval and irregular
Typical Dimension: 35’x45’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flowers, streets , parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Open canopy. Young trees can grow asymmetrical with branches often drooping
toward the ground. Briefly deciduous before flowering. Very attractive in June when in bloom. The
flowers are followed by two-foot-long green cylindrical seedpods, becoming black, that persist on the
tree for some time. Perhaps the second most planted flowering tree in the tropics after royal poinciana.
Late October
Mid June
Mid November
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Green Buttonwood
Scientific Name: Conocarpus erectus
Leaf Type: Simple, entire
Origin: South Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round, spreading
Typical Height: 35’x 40’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Native impact, shrub, hedge, streets
Major Problems: “Witches broom”
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Often multi-trunks with open canopies. High wind and drought tolerances. An excellent choice for coastal planting sites. “Witches broom” is quite rare the cause of which is unknown.
Mid October
Early May
Early May
Early January
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Gumbo Limbo
Scientific Name: Bursera simaruba
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: South Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean
Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous in April
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Spreading and open
Typical Height: 40’x50’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, streets, parks
Major Problems: Whiteflies, scales
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Copper to green colored peeling mottled bark. Easily propagated from stem cuttings
of any size. Sometimes used as a living fence post outside the United States.
Mid June
Exfoliating bark.
New Foliage. Mid May. Return to first page
Hong Kong Orchid
Scientific Name: Bauhinia blakeana
Leaf Type: Simple, two-lobed
Origin: Southeast Asia
Leaf Persistence: Semi deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Irregular
Typical Height: 30’x45’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Flowers, streets, parking lots
Major Problems: High nutritional requirement
Shade Density: Medium-Heavy
when flowering. Stem cankers
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Often with a leaning trunk and crooked leader. A sterile tree that produces no pods.
Flowers from November through March. One hundred and seventeen intense blooming days. Messy when
flowering. Nearly deciduous in March and April.
Mid October
Early December
Early December
Return to first page
Indian Rosewood
Scientific Name: Dalbergia sissoo
Leaf Type: Simple
Origin: India
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Very fast
Natural Form: Irregular
Typical Height: 50’x75’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Light-Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Very fast growing tree with an open growth habit and upright branches. Tendency to
develop an irregularly shaped canopy with age. Deciduous from December to March/April.
Early October
Bark and new leaves and flowers.
Early April.
Interior Canopy. Early October.
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Jacaranda
Scientific Name: Jacaranda mimosifolia
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: Brazil, Argentina
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous March-April
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round, spreading
Typical Height: 45‘x75’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Flowers, shade, streets
Major Problems: Mushroom root rot
Shade Density: Light
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Mostly low branching. Very fine textured foliage. Attractive flowering tree. Flowers
in spring and summer. Thirty-four intense blooming days. Often confused for Delonix regia..
Late May
Panicle. Early May
Doug Caldwell
Late March
Jacaranda
Late October
Early October
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Jamaican Dogwood
Scientific Name: Piscidia piscipula
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Florida Keys, Bahamas, Caribbean
Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Spreading
Typical Height: 40’x45’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Native impact, flowers, shade, parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Deciduous in April before flowering in April/June. Somewhat showy pea-like flowers borne in great numbers on leafless stems. An underutilized tree native to South Florida.
Mid December
Mid December
Panicles. Late
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Longan
Scientific Name: Euphoria longan
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: India
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round, oblong
Typical Height: 35’x.40’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Fruit, shade
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Not found
Additional Notes: Dense dark green foliage, corky bark. Over production can kill vulnerable trees. Fruit
mature in July and August.
Late September
Mid July
Fruit. Early July
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Loquat
Scientific Name: Eriobotrya japonica
Leaf Type: Simple, serrated
Origin: China, Japan
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round, upright
Typical Height: 25’x40’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Fruit, shade
Major Problems: Caribbean fruit fly,
Shade Density: Medium
Sri Lanka weevil
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Dense round canopy with large dark green serrated leaves. Short trunk. Fruits in
February, March and April. Many cultivars available.
Fruit bearing tree. Mid March
Early October
Loquat
Early November
Fruit. Late March
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Lychee
Scientific Name: Litchi chinensis
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Southeast Asia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round, oval
Typical Height: 35’x45’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Fruit, shade
Major Problems: Mushroom root rot,
Shade Density: Heavy
Anthracnose, weevils
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Dense, round, symmetrical canopy extending nearly to the ground. Dark green
foliage. Alternate year bearer or fruit even less often. Fruit subject to being lost due to cold fronts or
strong wind. Fruit matures in late spring and summer.
Late October
Cattle chewing the cud. Early May.
Early May
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Sabicu
Scientific Name: Lysiloma sabicu
Lysiloma Trees
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: Bahamas; Caribbean
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Spreading and weeping
Typical Height: 30’x 45’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Shade, streets, parks, parking lots
Major Problems: Lobate scales
Shade Density: Light-Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Finely textured foliage. Powderpuff flowers in the spring and summer.
Late May
Early May
Lysiloma Trees
Sabicu
Leaves. Mid July
Fruit. Late September
Interior canopy. Late October
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Wild Tamarind
Lysiloma Trees
Scientific Name: Lysiloma latisiliquum
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: South Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean,
Leaf Persistence: Briefly partially deciduous
Southern Mexico, Central America
Natural Form: Round, weeping
Growth Rate: Fast
Salt Tolerance: High
Typical Dimension: 45’x 60’
Major Problems: Scales, thornbugs
Common Uses: Native impact, shade, streets, pk. lots UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. A Florida native
Shade Density: Light
Additional Notes: Delicate, feather-like foliage “melt’ into the ground when they drop from the tree.
Produces small white powderpuff flowers in spring and summer. Cold sensitive in certain areas.
Late August
Partially and briefly deciduous. Early March
Return to first page
Mahogany
Scientific Name: Swietenia mahagoni
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: South Florida, Caribbean
Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous in April/May
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round, oval
Typical Height: 45’x70’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Shade, streets, parks
Major Problems: Webworms
Shade Density: Medium to dense
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Densely leafy canopy. Aggressive roots. Do not plant closer than 8-10 feet from sidewalks. Messy in April and May when old leaves are shed and new leaves are formed. Easily propagated
from seeds.
New foliage. Early May
Maturing foliage. Late May
Mahogany
Late May
Leaves and new inflorescences. Late May.
Fruit capsules. Mid
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Mango
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica
Leaf Type: Simple
Origin: Southern Asia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 45’x65’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Fruit, shade
Major Problems: Anthracnose, powdery
Shade Density: Heavy
mildew, scales
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution.
Additional Notes: A medium to large sized tree. Symmetrical, rounded canopy, ranging from low and
dense to upright and open. Maintain under 20 feet for easier access to fruit. Many cultivars. Perhaps the
most sought after fruit in the tropics. Sap is an irritant to many.
Early January
Early December
Mango
Fruit. Late May
Return to first page
Manila Tamarind
Scientific Name: Pithecellobium dulce
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Mexico, Central America
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Oval
Typical Dimension: 55’x70’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, hedge
Major Problems: Lac scales
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Often with multiple trunks. Susceptible to wind damage and the lost of natural form
in oldest trees. Spiny nodes.
Two trees, one on each side of the road. Early April
Early April
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Laurel Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus laurifolia
Oak Trees
Leaf Type: Simple
Origin: Florida; Southeastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Oval, round, spreading with age
Typical Dimension: 60’x75’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Native impact, shade, parks
Major Problems: Ganoderma
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Densely rounded crown when mature. Messy from January-March. New spring foliage
brilliantly yellow producing a remarkably ornamental effect. A neglected native surpassed by the plantings
of live oaks. Not tolerant of alkaline soils.
Late May
Early November
Laurel Oak
Oak Trees
Late October
Mid April
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Live Oak
Scientific Name: Quercus virginiana
Oak Trees
Leaf Type: Simple
Origin: Florida, Southeastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Spreading
Typical Dimension: 50’x90’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Shade, streets, parks, parking lots
Major Problems: Stem galls, lacebugs, root rot
Shade Density: Medium-Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Very large, low and wide spreading branches. Forms a broad dense crown. Grows to
80’ tall. Messy in January-March when changing from old to new leaves. A few trees produce abundant
root suckers. Roots can be aggressive in regards to driveways and sidewalks. Excellent specimen tree.
Early October
Late October
Live Oak
Late September
Oak Trees
Cv. Cathedral. Early May.
Cv. High Rise. Late April.
Interior canopy. Late October.
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Yellow Poinciana/Copper Pod
Peltophorum Trees
Scientific Name: Peltophorum pterocarpum
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: India to Australia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 45’x70’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flowers, shade, parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Low branching. Brittle wood. Loses some leaves in winter. Blooms in May, June,
and July. Bloom intensity varies from tree to tree. Forty-one intense blooming days.
Early July
Flowering panicles. Mid June
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Copper Pod/Horsebush
Peltophorum Trees
Scientific Name: Peltophorum dubium
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: Brazil
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round spreading
Typical Dimension: 45’x70’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flowers, shade , parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Light
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Leafless from September to April. Blooms heavily but only in alternate years.
Twenty-six intense blooming days. Fragrant flowers. Shortly after blooming some trees produce a multitude of seedpods that persist on the tree but are not distracting to most observers. Deciduous to varying
degrees from October to about May.
Mid June
Early June
Early June
Weeping/Fern Podocarpus
Podocarpus Trees
Scientific Name: Afrocarpus gracilior
Leaf Type: Simple, linear
Origin: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Oval
Typical Dimension: 50’x60’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, park, hedge, streets, pk. lots
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: A tough tree which can grow very well in urban conditions. Among the cleanest
choices for street, lawn or patio tree. Fine textured leaves, pendulous branches. Lower branches should
be removed if grown as a street tree. Trunk will grow about 2 feet in diameter or larger. With age, foliage will become more dense. Seedlings are more upright in growth than trees grown from cuttings or
grafts, and their branches will be less pendulous.
Mid June
Mid March
Early May
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Yew Podocarpus
Podocarpus Trees
Scientific Name: Podocarpus macrophyllus
Leaf Type: Simple, linear
Origin: Japan
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Oval
Typical Dimension: 35’x40’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Hedge, shade, streets, parking lots
Major Problems: Aphids, scales, sooty mold
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Generally narrow and upright. Leaves broader than Afrocarpus gracilior. Tolerates
deep snow. Easily pruned to shape. Often sheared into a tall screen or columnar tree. Very popular as a
dense screen or hedge. Var. Marki is a favorite hedge. Should be grown more often in its natural form.
Roots are not a problem in restricted-soil areas and usually do not lift sidewalks.
Early November
Mid February
Inflorescences. Late April
Early November
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Pongam
Scientific Name: Millettia pinnata
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Tropical Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands
Leaf Persistence: Briefly semi deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round, flat-topped with age
Typical Height: 35’x55’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, flowers, parks
Major Problems: Sri Lanka weevils
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Often low and drooping branching. Becomes messy in April and May losing leaves
just before flowering. Small pea-like flowers. Seeds profusely and may produce suckers.
New foliage. Early May
Mature foliage. Mid November
Pongam
Flowers. Early May
Foliage. Early June
Fruit. Early January
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Rain Tree
Scientific Name: Samanea saman
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: Central America, Venezuela, Colombia
Leaf Persistence: Briefly semi deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Umbrella
Typical Height: 55’x95’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Often low branching. A massive trunk on the oldest trees. The bark is dark gray,
rough, and furrowed. Becomes messy in April and May as it loses its leaves just before flowering.
Bipinnate leaves fold upwards at nights or during very overcast days.
Late April
Late April
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Red Maple
Scientific Name: Acer rubrum
Leaf Type: Simple, lobed
Origin: Florida, Eastern North America
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Oval, round
Typical Height: 40’x35’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Streets, shade, native impacts
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium-dense
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Taller than broad. Deciduous from October to March. Good fall colors. Excellent for
wet sites. Males produce tiny red flowers, females produced winged fruit. Its best to select trees grown
from seed sources in your area. A number of cultivars are listed. Due to grafting incompatibility problems which causes trees to break apart, preference should be given to cultivars produced on their own
roots. Grows poorly in alkaline soils. Not especially drought tolerant.
Late May
Early June
Early April
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Royal Poinciana
Scientific Name: Delonix regia
Leaf Type: Bipinnate
Origin: Madagascar
Tree Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Very fast
Natural Form: Umbrella
Typical Height: 40’x 80’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flowers, shade, park
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Light-Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Open canopy with fine textured leaves. Aggressive shallow surface roots. Plant no
closer than 12-15 feet from driveways or other structures. Not storm tolerant. Made deciduous by cold
weather or drought. Messy, when flowering. Long, hard, blackened seed pods remain on trees for
months. Perhaps the most commonly planted flowering tree in warm climates. Thirty-nine intense
blooming days.
Late May
Early November
Royal Poinciana
Mid October
Interior Canopy. Mid October
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Sausage Tree
Scientific Name: Kigelia africana
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Tropical Africa to South Africa
Leaf Persistence: Briefly semi-deciduous
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 40’x70’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Shade, flowers
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium-Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Large trunks on the oldest trees. Pinnate leaves to 16 inches long. Messy in February
and March when leaves fall to initiate flowering. Unusually shaped flowers. Flowers open at night and
mostly fall by early morning. A beautiful litter is created. Large gray sausage shaped hanging fruit.
Late October
Pendulous inflorescence. Late May
Hanging fruit. Early May
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Sea Grape
Scientific Name: Coccoloba uvifera
Leaf Type: Simple
Origin: Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean
Leaf Persistence: Semi Deciduous April/May
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Spreading
Typical Dimension: 25’x50’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Hedge, shade, parking lots, fruit
Major Problems: Aphids, winter leaf spots
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. A Florida native
Additional Notes: Usually with multiple low-branching trunks. Large, leathery round leaves and interesting mottled bark. Messy in April and May when new leaves are formed. Excellent seaside plant. Cold
sensitive in some areas of South Florida. Edible fruit.
Early May
Mid July
Mottled trunk.
Fruit. Mid September
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Shavingbrush Tree
Scientific Name: Pseudobombax ellipticum
Leaf Type: Palmate
Origin: Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous from February-May
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Spreading
Typical Dimension:30’x55’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flowers, shade
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Low branching. Smooth trunk with a few large branches. Damaged by hard frosts.
Large leaves. Silky, crimson staminated flowers. Var. Album has white stamens. Very attractive when in
flower. Sixteen intense blooming days in March/April.
The left half of this tree has new but completely emerged leaves. The right half has emerging leaves. Early June.
Late May
Mid April
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Slash Pine
Scientific Name: Pinus elliottii
Leaf Type: Needle
Origin: Florida, Southeastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Pyramidal to ovoid
Typical Dimension: 55’x55’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Native impact, shade, streets, parks
Major Problems: Iron deficiency, borers
Shade Density: Light
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. A Florida native
Additional Notes: Open crown with ascending branches. Self-pruning of its lower branches. Somewhat
pyramidal when young forming an open ovoid canopy. Dappled shade. Deeply furrowed and scaly bark.
High drought tolerance. Sensitive to grade change and soil compaction. Young plants go through “grass
stage” in which there is no visible trunk and they form short, dense clumps of needles at or near ground
level. Long lived to 200 years.
Early October
Mid August
Interior canopy. Early October
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Snow in Summer
Scientific Name: Melaleuca decora
Leaf Type: Simple, needle-like
Origin: Australia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Weeping
Typical Dimension:35’x 40’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Shade, flowers, parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Not listed
Additional Notes: A relatively scarce, non-weedy melaleuca species.
In bloom. Late May
Mid May
Inflorescences. Mid May
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Southern Magnolia
Scientific Name: Magnolia grandiflora
Leaf Type: Simple
Origin: Florida, Southeastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Somewhat conical, round
Typical Height: 50’x75’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Shade, flowers, fragrance, parks
Major Problems: Scales
Shade Density: Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Large, glossy dark green leaves. Large, showy, fragrant white flowers in spring and
summer. Tolerant of moist growing conditions. Form and growth rate on seedlings vary greatly. Some are
dense others are very open. Some cultivars do not fare well in South Florida. Old leaves drop sporadically
and can be difficult to rake up.
Early June
Late September
Early May
Southern Magnolia
Gary Knox
Early June
From flower bud to cone-like follicetum
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Southern Red Cedar
Scientific Name: Juniperus silicicola
Leaf Type: Scale-like
Origin: Florida, Southeastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Pyramidal, columnar or oval,
Typical Height: 35’x45’
often flat-topped with age
Common Uses: Native impact, screen, wind-break
Salt Tolerance: High
Shade Density: Medium
Major Problems: Mites
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. Florida Native
Additional Notes: Suitable for seaside plantings. Can take continuously wet soil. Although not currently
used often as a street tree, its wood is strong, the foliage is clean, and the fruit is small making it a suitable
candidate. Bark and trunks on older specimens take on a delightful, ‘old-tree’ look. Many cultivars exist.
Late October
Late April
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Sweetgum
Scientific Name: Liquidambar styraciflua
Leaf Type: Simple, lobed
Origin: Florida, Eastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Narrow pyramidal, conical
Typical Dimension: 55’x45’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Native impact, shade, parks
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium-Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. A Florida native
Additional Notes: Glossy, star-shaped leaves and brown prickly fruit balls produced in fall. Do not
place it where the fallen fruit balls will be a nuisance. It prefers moist wet acid soils, but will tolerate
most conditions. The trunk is normally straight and does not divide into double or multiple leaders and
side branches are small in diameter on young trees, creating a pyramidal form. The bark becomes deeply
ridged at about 25-years-old.
Early May
Late May
Early May
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Sycamore
Scientific Name: Platanus occidentalis
Leaf Type: Simple, lobed
Origin: Florida, Eastern United States
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Pyramidal, spreading, irregular
Typical Dimension: 60’x70’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Shade, parks
Major Problems: Anthracnose
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: N/A. A Florida native
Additional Notes: Large tree for moist or dry sites. Prefers moist sites, but adapts to dry and compacted
conditions. Pyramidal in youth, it develops a spreading rounded or irregular crown with age, supported
by a very few large diameter branches. Massive trunk with exfoliating bark which is its most ornamental trait. Deciduous from October to March/April.
New foliage. Early May
Early June
Late April
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Tamarind
Scientific Name: Tamarindus indica
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Tropical Africa, Madagascar
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Round
Typical Dimension: 50’x70’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Fruit, shade
Major Problems: Fruit weevils
Shade Density: Light
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Extremely wind resistant. Sour and edible pulp used to make sweet and sour candy,
cold beverage and steak sauces.
Late September
Early November
Fruit. Mid April
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Tipu Tree/Pride-of-Bolivia
Scientific Name: Tipuana tipu
Leaf Type: Pinnate
Origin: Southern Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Fast
Natural Form: Round becoming flat-topped
Typical Dimension: 40’x60’
Salt Tolerance: Low
Common Uses: Shade, flowers, streets
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Not listed
Additional Notes: High shade. Can be pruned to umbrella shape to make narrower, denser crown. Blooms
May-July. Flower litter can be slight nuisance.
Orlando, Florida. Early May
Early May
Inflorescence. Early May
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Tropical Almond
Scientific Name: Terminalia catappa
Leaf Type: Simple
Origin: Madagascar, East Indies
Leaf Persistence: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Very fast
Natural Form: Pyramidally tiered
Typical Dimension: 30’x50’
Salt Tolerance: High
Common Uses: Shade, fruit
Major Problems: Thrips
Shade Density: Light-Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Caution
Additional Notes: Briefly deciduous between January-April. Large leaves. Edible but not relished fruit.
Once of the most commonly seen seaside shade tree in the Western Hemisphere.
Leaves and Fruit. Mid June
Early April
Interior canopy. Early June
Bark
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Weeping Bottlebrush
Scientific Name: Callistemon viminalis
Leaf Type: Simple, linear
Origin: Australia
Leaf Persistence: Evergreen
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Weeping
Typical Dimension: 20’x50’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flowers, shade
Major Problems: Witch’s broom, nematodes
Shade Density: Medium-Heavy
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: An erect tree with weeping or sometimes sprawling branches. Showy red flowers in
spring near the end of pendent branches. Need ample water.
Mid July
Early May
Foliage curtain. Late October
Weeping Bottlebrush
Leaves. Mid June.
Interior canopy. Late December
Inflorescence. Late April
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Yellow Tabebuia
Scientific Name: Tabebuia aurea
Leaf Type: Palmate
Origin: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous
Growth Rate: Medium
Natural Form: Oval
Typical Dimension: 25’x40’
Salt Tolerance: Medium
Common Uses: Flowers, shade
Major Problems: None
Shade Density: Medium
UF/IFAS Assessment: Recommended
Additional Notes: Often with a leaning and crooked trunk and several crooked leaders. Corky bark..
Canopy often becomes asymmetrical. Spectacular flower tree. Sixteen intense blooming days. Briefly
deciduous after flowering in March-April.
Mid May
Mid March
Interior canopy. Late October.
Return to first page
References
Broschat, T., A. Meerow and R. Black. 2013. Enviroscaping to Conserve Energy: Trees for South
Florida. UF/IFAS, Gainesville, Florida
Broschat, T. and A. Meerow. 2001. Betrock’s Reference Guide to Florida Landscape Plants. Betrock
Information System, Inc. Hollywood, Florida
Crane, J., C. Balerdi and I. Maguire. 2013. Avocado Growing in the Florida Landscape. UF/IFAS,
Gainesville, Florida
Crane, J., C. Balerdi, S. Sargent and I. Maguire. 2013. Longan Growing in the Florida Home Landscape.
UF/IFAS, Gainesville, Florida
Crane, J. C. Balerdi and I. Maguire. 2013. Lychee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape. UF/IFAS,
Gainesville, Florida
Crane, J. and M. L. Caldeira. 2013. Loquat Growing in the Florida Home Landscape. UF/IFAS,
Gainesville, Florida
Crane, J., C. Balerdi and I. Maguire. 2013. Mango Growing in the Florida Home Landscape. UF/IFAS,
Gainesville, Florida
Escobedo, F. F. Seitz and J. Zipperer. 2012. The Effect of Gainesville’s Urban Trees on Energy Use of
Residential Building. UF/IFAS, Gainesville, Florida
Osorio, R. 2001. A Gardener’s Guide to Florida’s Native Plants. University Press of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida
Trees-South Florida Water Management District
UF/IFAS Assessment of Non-native Plants
Useful Links
Flowering Trees Fact Sheets
Native Plants Fact Sheets
Landscape Videos
Laurel and Live Oaks Distinctions
Mango Tree Pruning
Palm Problems
Small Trees Fact Sheets
All pictures except that of Tipuana tipu and Magnolia fruit were taken in South Florida.
You can receive ’Brown’s Plant File’ at no cost, by email, approximately every 6 weeks. Do so by
sending an email request to [email protected]. Include your first and last names and city, county, state or
country where you live.
This fact sheet was reviewed Peggy Cruz, Lee County Extension; Pat Rooney, Kim Cooprider, Lee
County Master Gardeners and Jenny Evans, Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, religion, age, disability,
sex, sexual orientation, martial status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension
Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. 6/2014