Download Chapter 31 - Air Academy High School

Introduction
Section 1:
The Economy
Section 2:
People and Their
Environment
Visual Summary
The countries of Southeast
Asia, which vary greatly in
their economies, are
industrializing at different
rates. They are, however,
becoming more
interdependent through trade.
Rich in natural resources,
Southeast Asia is a vital
crossroads of trade. As the
region becomes more
urbanized and uses its
natural resources to
industrialize, it faces a variety
of environmental problems.
Section 1:
The Economy
The physical
environment affects
people and their
activities. Southeast
Asia’s physical
environment—which
includes fertile soil, warm
climate, and rich mineral
deposits—affects the
economic activities of the
region.
Section 2: People and
Their Environment
Human actions modify
the physical
environment.
Industrialization and
economic development in
Southeast Asia have
resulted in the pollution of
air, land, and water, and
the destruction of valuable
natural resources.
The Economy
Southeast Asia’s physical
environment—which
includes fertile soil, warm
climate, and rich mineral
deposits—affects the
economic activities of the
region.
The Economy
• rice paddy
• interdependent
• sickle
• Association of
Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN)
• lode
• free port
• alternative
• promote
The Economy
A. Brunei
B. Manila
The Economy
Which of the following
elements of Southeast
Asia’s physical structure
aids economic activities?
A. Fertile soil
B. Rich mineral deposits
C. Beautiful coastlines
0%
A
D. Rich mineral deposits
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Economic Activities
Although many countries in Southeast Asia
are industrializing, most people continue to
make their living in agriculture.
• Farmers use more than half of the region’s arable
land to grow rice.
• Fish farming is also an important part of the economy.
Contribution to GDP by Economic Sector
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Other crops:
– Cassava
– Yams
– Corn
– Bananas
– Rubber
– Sugarcane
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Other economic activities:
– Forestry—logging, transporting logs, and
manufacturing finished goods
– Mining—large deposits of tin
– Oil production
• Industrial growth rates vary widely throughout
Southeast Asia.
• Singapore has the region’s most developed
economy.
Crude oil, natural gas and
petroleum products account
for nearly all of this
country’s export income?
A. Indonesia
0%
D
D. Thailand
A
0%
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Vietnam
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Brunei
Transportation and Communications
Physical features, industrialization, and
economic development influence
transportation and communications in
Southeast Asia.
• Transportation:
– Water transportation is the most common way to
move people and goods.
– Most shipping between Europe and East Asia
passes through the Strait of Malacca.
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
– Quality of land transportation varies widely due
to economic differences between countries.
• Communications:
– Communications also depend on a country’s level
of industrialization.
– Governments typically own and control radio
stations and television networks.
Southeast Asia: Shipping Routes
Which of the following countries has a
well-developed communications system?
A. Cambodia
B. Brunei
C. Singapore
D. Vietnam
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Trade and Interdependence
Southeast Asian countries are becoming
more interdependent, resulting in regional
development, increased trade, and greater
economic stability.
• These two organizations reflect the increasing
interdependence of the countries:
– Asian Development Bank (ADB)
– Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
ASEAN Membership and GDP
Trade in Southeast Asian countries has
become what in recent years?
A. Non-existent
B. Interdependent
0%
C
A
0%
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
C. Global
People and Their Environment
Industrialization and
economic development in
Southeast Asia have
resulted in the pollution of
air, land, and water and the
destruction of valuable
natural resources.
People and Their Environment
• sustainable development
• shifting cultivation
• cyclone
• typhoon
• diminished
• unstable
People and Their Environment
A. Sumatra
B. Borneo
C. Bali
People and Their Environment
Can you name some of the
environmental problems in
Southeast Asia?
B. Some problems
A
C. No problems
B
A. A
B. B
C
0%C. 0%
0%
C
A. Many problems
Managing Resources
Southeast Asia’s natural resources are
economically important, but people must
find ways to develop their economies
without further destroying resources.
• Minerals, metals, and rain forest timber are among
Southeast Asia’s most valuable resources.
Managing Resources (cont.)
• Solutions:
– Reforestation programs
– Environmental conservation areas
– Planned resettlement
– “Green zones”
– Banning of tall buildings built near the sea
Which of the following have thwarted
progress regarding conservation?
A. Illegal logging
B. Political turmoil
B
A
E. B and C
0%
E
0%
D
D. A and B
A. A
B. B
C.0%C 0%
0%
D. D
E. E
C
C. Shifting cultivation
Human Impact
In Southeast Asia, human activities have
had a negative impact on the environment,
natural resources, and wildlife.
• Both urban and rural areas feel the affects of
industrialization.
• Volcanic eruptions and forest fires can also cause
pollution in rural areas.
Human Impact (cont.)
• Positive effects of industrialization:
– Stronger economies
– Better economic opportunities
Human Impact (cont.)
• Negative effects of industrialization:
– Water and air pollution
– Deforestation and the resulting flooding/soil
erosion
– Diversion of rivers
– Loss of coral reefs
Southeast Asia: Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Which country has the highest
level of carbon dioxide
emissions in Southeast Asia?
A. Thailand
0%
D
0%
A
D. Vietnam
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Malaysia
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Indonesia
Future Challenges
Because of Southeast Asia’s geographic
location, countries in the region face
continuing challenges from natural disasters.
• Challenges:
– Floods
– Cyclones/Typhoons
– Tsunamis
– Volcanoes
Which volcano in Bali is regarded by the
people as the sacred centerpiece of their
Hindu faith?
A. Mount Pinatubo
B. Mount Agung
C. Mount Batur
D. Mount Taal
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Economic Interdependence
Growth and the Environment
• Urban warming in Bangkok,
Thailand, has resulted
from industrialization,
overcrowding, and
automobile use.
• “Green zones” have been
proposed, which are
environmentally protected
areas of cities.
• Planned migration has helped balance environmental
protection and economic development.
• Illegal logging operations in Indonesia have resulted in
the loss of much of the forests bordering national parks.
rice paddy
flooded field in which rice is grown
sickle
large, curved knife with a handle,
used to cut grass or tall grains
lode
deposit of minerals
free port
port city, such as Singapore, where
goods can be unloaded, stored, and
reshipped without the payment of
import duties
interdependent
relying on one another for goods,
services, and ideas
Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN)
organization formed in 1967 to
promote regional development and
trade in Southeast Asia
sustainable development
technological and economic growth
that does not deplete the human and
natural resources of a given area
shifting cultivation
clearing forests to plant fields for a
few years and then abandoning them
cyclone
cyclone storm with heavy rains and
high winds which blow in a circular
pattern around an area of low
atmospheric pressure
typhoon
a violent tropical storm that forms in
the Pacific Ocean, usually in late
summer
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