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General Biology
101
ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
Introductions
Syllabus
 Term Schedule
 Expectations
 Getting help!
Introductions
Name Tags –
1. Your NAME
2. TWO DRAWINGS that tell me something about
YOU
3. On the inside, tell me something about your
learning style – how do you learn best?
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES:
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES:
 Discuss community interactions
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES:
 Discuss community interactions
 Explain how changes in human population and/or
actions impact natural ecosystems
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES:
 Discuss community interactions
 Explain how changes in human population and/or
actions impact natural ecosystems
 Describe the movement of energy & nutrients
through trophic levels
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES:
 Discuss community interactions
 Explain how changes in human population and/or
actions impact natural ecosystems
 Describe the movement of energy & nutrients
through trophic levels
 Recognize the appropriate taxonomic level of an
organism based on key characteristics or traits
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living
organisms/systems

Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations

Tested with experimentation
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living
organisms/systems

Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations

Tested with experimentation
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living
organisms/systems


Hypothesis
Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed
through extensive observation and experimentation
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living
organisms/systems


Hypothesis
Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed
through extensive observation and experimentation
“If we knew what we were doing, we wouldn’t call it
RESEARCH.”
- Albert Einstein
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living
organisms/systems



Hypothesis
Theory
LAW: An absolute; a mathematically prove-able fact
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living
organisms/systems



Hypothesis
Theory
LAW: Newton’s Law of Gravity
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living
organisms/systems



Hypothesis
Theory
Four LAWS of Thermodynamics
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”?
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics
1. Composed of cells with organized structure
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics
1. Composed of cells with organized structure
2. Organized structure is actively maintained –
homeostasis
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics
1. Composed of cells with organized structure
2. Organized structure is actively maintained –
homeostasis
3. Respond to stimuli from the environment
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics
1. Composed of cells with organized structure
2. Organized structure is actively maintained –
homeostasis
3. Respond to stimuli from the environment
4. Acquire/use energy from the environment
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics
1. Composed of cells with organized structure
2. Organized structure is actively maintained –
homeostasis
3. Respond to stimuli from the environment
4. Acquire/use energy from the environment
5. Convert to usable form – GROW
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics
1. Composed of cells with organized structure
2. Organized structure is actively maintained –
homeostasis
3. Respond to stimuli from the environment
4. Acquire/use energy from the environment
5. Convert to usable form – GROW
6. Able to reproduce
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE
 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics
1. Composed of cells with organized structure
2. Organized structure is actively maintained –
homeostasis
3. Respond to stimuli from the environment
4. Acquire/use energy from the environment
5. Convert to usable form – GROW
6. Able to reproduce
7. Populations can evolve over time
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
“Nothing in Biology makes sense, except in the light of
evolution.”
- Theodosius Dobzhansky
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution:
 Why don’t snakes have legs?
 Why do we find fossils of animals that don’t exist?
 Why do we share more than 95% of our genetic code
with monkeys?
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Descent with modification
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Descent with modification
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Descent with modification
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Descent with modification: Natural Selection

Charles Darwin/Alfred Russel Wallace
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Descent with modification: Natural Selection

Traits that enhance an organism’s ability to SURVIVE to
REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
THE BIOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE:
SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE
offspring.
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Descent with modification: Natural Selection

Traits vary according to organism
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Descent with modification: Natural Selection


Traits vary according to organism
Traits enhancing survivorship/reproduction are
ADAPTATIONS
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules
1. Variation must occur between individuals in a
population (“mutations”)
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules
1. Variation must occur between individuals in a
population
2. Competition and mortality must exist in the
population
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules
1. Variation must occur between individuals in a
population
2. Competition and mortality must exist in the
population
3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/
reproductive ability
Baobab trees, Africa
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules
1. Variation must occur between individuals in a
population
2. Competition and mortality must exist in the
population
3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/
reproductive ability
4. Traits must be heritable
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
DNA: the genetic “blueprint” of organisms
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
DNA: the genetic “blueprint” of organisms
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules
1. Variation must occur between individuals in a
population
2. Competition and mortality must exist in the
population
3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/
reproductive ability
4. Traits must be heritable
5. Beneficial traits accumulate in the population over
time
Adaptive Radiation
e.g. MRSA
Additional Evolutionary Processes
Selective Breeding, e.g. Yard Dandelions
Additional Evolutionary Processes
Selective Breeding, e.g. Brassica
Additional Evolutionary Processes
Sexual Selection: Humans
Additional Evolutionary Processes
Sexual Selection: Peacocks
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
 Typically a very slow process, taking millions of years
 Current events: altering ability of organisms to adapt
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on: ECOLOGY and BIODIVERSITY
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on:
 ECOLOGY: the study of interactions between
organisms and the environment (Unit 4)
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on:
 Biodiversity: the variability of life (Unit 3)
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on:
 Populations
 Species
 Communities
 Ecosystems
 Biospheres
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell
types
PROKARYOTIC: cells do not have a nucleus
1. Bacteria
2. Archaebacteria
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life:
 Bacteria and Archaebacteria are single-celled, or
unicellular
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell
types
PROKARYOTA
1. Bacteria
2. Archaebacteria
EUKARYOTA
3. Eukarya
“true nucleus”
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life:
K–P–C–O–F–G–S
Kingdom: Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life:
 Most of the Kingdoms (Fungi, Plants and Animals)
are made up of many cells, or are multicellular
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life:
K–P–C–O–F–G–S
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family (i.e. last name)
Genus/Species: Binomial system of naming (i.e. first
and middle name)
Boa constrictor
Gorilla gorilla
Scaptia beyonceae
Euglossa bazinga
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy
 Autotroph: self-feeding
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy
 Heterotroph: other-feeding