Download Chapter 10 Section 1 - Preparing for War

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Section
Words to Know
border state
a slave state between the North and the South that
remained in the Union during the Civil War
martial law
rule by an army instead of by elected officials
An.,
the Confederate cannons fired on Fort Sumter
in 186L, there would be no more compromises between
the North and the South. The Civil War had begun.
The Nation Gontinues to Divide
Three days after the Confederates attacked Fort
Sumter, President Lincoln asked for 75,000 volunteers
to fight the South. Lincoln's call for volunteers led the
southern states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee,
and Arkansas to secede from the Union. Four slave
states did not secede. They were Missouri, Kentucky,
Delaware, and Maryland. They became known as
border states, because they were located on the
border between the North and South.
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Maryland bordered Washington, D.C., the Union's
capital. It was very important for Maryland to remain
in the Union. Lincoln had Maryland put under
martial law. Martial law is rule by an army instead of
by elected officials.
As the war began, the North and the South each
had some strengths. These strengths influenced the
way the war was fought.
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Unit3
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Nation Divided
did the nation divide at the start of the war?
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South
l. Slrong cenlrol government
Presidenl Lincoln
l.
Strong militory leoders, such os Robert E. Lee.
would show his strenglh os time possed.
2.
Lorge populolion; more soldiers to fight
the wor.
2.
Experience with horses ond weopons.
Most southern men were formers ond hunters.
3.
Money to poy for wor
3.
Slrong beliefs oboul fighling to prolect the lond.
4.
Foctories ond workers lo build weopons.
4. ïo win, Southerners only
needed to hold
onlo lheir lond. Northerners needed to invode
fhe South ond then defeot it.
5.
t.
Roilroods lo corry supplies 1o soldiers.
Whol were lwo slrenglhs of lhe North?
2. Whol were lwo slrenglhs of the.Soulh?
Battle of Bull Run
President Lincoln felt that if Union forces could
capttrre the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia,
the war would end.
The first big battle of the war took place in July
1861, near a creek named Bull Run, in Virginia. Bull
Run was only 20 miles away from Washington, D.C.
Members of Congress and other Union supporters
went to the battlefield to watch. Soldiers on both sides
fought hard. However, the Union soldiers were poorly
trained. When new Confederate troops, or soldiers,
arrived, the Union soldiers retreated, or turned back.
Union supporters began to understand that the war
would not be won quickly. After Bull Run, many
Southerners thought they could win the war.
What did the Union supporters learn from the Battle
of Bull Run? Í
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Chapter
10.
The
CivilWar.
1861-1865
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The North's Plan and the South's Plan
President Lincoln and other.Union leaders developed
the Anaconda Plan. An anaconda is a large snake that
wraps itself around its food and squeezes it. The plan
was to squeeze the Confederacy. The Anaconda Plan had
three main goals.
Remember
The
Soulht economy
depended on exponing
goods lo Englond.
L. Blockade the southern ports. A blockade of the
southern Atlantic coast would cut off southern
supplies from getting in and out by sea.
2. Attack the South along the Mississippi River to
split the Confederacy into two parts.
3. Continue to attack the Confederates in the East,
with the plan to capture the capital at Richmond.
At the beginning of the war, the South had a simpler
plan. It was to hold onto southem land. The South
hoped the North would quickly get sick of fighting the
war and quit.
þnu,
was each side's plan?
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Section
I Review
L. Why was
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it important for Maryland to remain in
the Union?
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2. What was the first big battle of the Civil War?
3. Critical Thinking Why would President Lincoln
need to pay attention to the four border states?
4. Write About Geography Turn to the map of the
United States on page 617 of this book. In a
paragraph, describe how the Anaconda Plan
used geography to try to defeat the South.
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Unit3 ¡ A Nation Divided
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