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Download Chapter 10 Section 1 - Preparing for War
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{ .:*'. i* I ff Section Words to Know border state a slave state between the North and the South that remained in the Union during the Civil War martial law rule by an army instead of by elected officials An., the Confederate cannons fired on Fort Sumter in 186L, there would be no more compromises between the North and the South. The Civil War had begun. The Nation Gontinues to Divide Three days after the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked for 75,000 volunteers to fight the South. Lincoln's call for volunteers led the southern states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas to secede from the Union. Four slave states did not secede. They were Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland. They became known as border states, because they were located on the border between the North and South. .t Maryland bordered Washington, D.C., the Union's capital. It was very important for Maryland to remain in the Union. Lincoln had Maryland put under martial law. Martial law is rule by an army instead of by elected officials. As the war began, the North and the South each had some strengths. These strengths influenced the way the war was fought. ,,Ffow ß 176 Unit3 !n ¡A I Nation Divided did the nation divide at the start of the war? l¿ 't13 Noilh South l. Slrong cenlrol government Presidenl Lincoln l. Strong militory leoders, such os Robert E. Lee. would show his strenglh os time possed. 2. Lorge populolion; more soldiers to fight the wor. 2. Experience with horses ond weopons. Most southern men were formers ond hunters. 3. Money to poy for wor 3. Slrong beliefs oboul fighling to prolect the lond. 4. Foctories ond workers lo build weopons. 4. ïo win, Southerners only needed to hold onlo lheir lond. Northerners needed to invode fhe South ond then defeot it. 5. t. Roilroods lo corry supplies 1o soldiers. Whol were lwo slrenglhs of lhe North? 2. Whol were lwo slrenglhs of the.Soulh? Battle of Bull Run President Lincoln felt that if Union forces could capttrre the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, the war would end. The first big battle of the war took place in July 1861, near a creek named Bull Run, in Virginia. Bull Run was only 20 miles away from Washington, D.C. Members of Congress and other Union supporters went to the battlefield to watch. Soldiers on both sides fought hard. However, the Union soldiers were poorly trained. When new Confederate troops, or soldiers, arrived, the Union soldiers retreated, or turned back. Union supporters began to understand that the war would not be won quickly. After Bull Run, many Southerners thought they could win the war. What did the Union supporters learn from the Battle of Bull Run? Í 6' i 'i I Chapter 10. The CivilWar. 1861-1865 177 q l¿'i .{; '{f The North's Plan and the South's Plan President Lincoln and other.Union leaders developed the Anaconda Plan. An anaconda is a large snake that wraps itself around its food and squeezes it. The plan was to squeeze the Confederacy. The Anaconda Plan had three main goals. Remember The Soulht economy depended on exponing goods lo Englond. L. Blockade the southern ports. A blockade of the southern Atlantic coast would cut off southern supplies from getting in and out by sea. 2. Attack the South along the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy into two parts. 3. Continue to attack the Confederates in the East, with the plan to capture the capital at Richmond. At the beginning of the war, the South had a simpler plan. It was to hold onto southem land. The South hoped the North would quickly get sick of fighting the war and quit. þnu, was each side's plan? ) ,j Section I Review L. Why was l it important for Maryland to remain in the Union? t] 2. What was the first big battle of the Civil War? 3. Critical Thinking Why would President Lincoln need to pay attention to the four border states? 4. Write About Geography Turn to the map of the United States on page 617 of this book. In a paragraph, describe how the Anaconda Plan used geography to try to defeat the South. ÍI '1 j 178 Unit3 ¡ A Nation Divided tfl