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Marion Mikusch Physics institute, university of Graz molecules: do not have enough Ekin triggers: compressions Jeans mass and Jeans radius: contraction Epot is released if heat is transported off collapse free falling time: protostar is born Different phases: ◦ hydrogen burning ◦ helium burning ◦ carbon, neon, oxygen, silicate burning stage of equilibrium until fuel is depleted a new thermonuclear process starts Stars over 8 sm: also heavy elements are built iron-nickel core is formed supernova neutron star: e+pn until internal pressure prevents contraction Star over 30 sm: unstoppable collapse a black hole is born escape velocity reaches the speed of light Schwarzschild radius: causal border black hole with 10 sm: Rs = 29,5 km event horizon: surface around the black hole interstellar matter approches in spiral tracks X-ray emission rotation space-time geometry is distorted ‘electromagnetic tornado‘ analogy between event horizon and entropy entropy: disorder of missing information in a system bit of information area of the event horizon definition of entropy and temperature is possible paradox: finite temperature emission of thermal radiation?? Quantum mechanics: uncertainty principle virtual particles can arise in pairs they disengage for a short time and than annihilate mass of the black hole decreases total evaporation Only 3 observable characteristics: ◦ mass ◦ angular momentum ◦ electric charge huge information loss but a swallowed bit is ‘saved‘ in an area of the event horizon like a hologram 3-dimensional object memorized by a 2dimensional region