Download Endocrine System

 FOUNDATIONS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-
Hormones and Glands
 REGULATES mood, growth/development, tissue
function, metabolism, along with sexual functions and
reproductive processes.
 HORMONES are chemicals, produced by glands, that
tell your body when and how to function.
 Hormones can be looked at as the messenger in the
human body.
 Hormones transfer information and instruction from
one set of cells to another.
 Keep in mind, the levels of these hormones in your
body can be effected by certain things such as: Stress
and infections.
 Located in the bottom of your brain, there is a gland
that makes many of the most important hormones in
your body
 This “pea-shaped” gland is called the Pituitary Gland.
 Some of the hormones produced by this gland, tell
other glands when and how much of each hormone to
make.
 The Growth Hormone is one of the most important
pituitary hormones.
 This hormone causes muscles, bones and other organs
to grow and also effects a persons height.
 The Thyroid and Parathyroid glands are located at the
bottom of your throat.
 Thyroid Gland-an endocrine gland which makes a
hormone effecting the growth rate and energy use of
your cells.
 It can make you burn up the energy you get from food
quickly, or slow down this process to save energy.
 These four small glands are located underneath the
surface of the thyroid gland.
 The glands make a hormone controlling the level of
minerals in your blood and bones.
 Adrenal Glands- endocrine glands that are made up of
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2 glands (one inside the other)
The inner part makes the “fight or flight” reaction.
Fight or Flight-adrenaline pumps into your releasing
stored up energy giving you the strength to “fight” or
run away from danger.
The outer part controls the way your body uses
carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
These hormones also control the mineral and water
balance in the body.
 The Pancreas makes hormones that help digest food
you have eaten.
 Insulin is the pancreas’ most important hormone.
This controls the way your body uses sugar.
 (Keep in mind, the pancreas is a part of the endocrine
and digestive system)
 If the pancreas does NOT make enough insulin, this
can cause diabetes. A person with diabetes has
difficulty controlling the level of sugar in their blood.
 Ovaries-in females, they make hormones that start the
development of a girl turning into a woman.
 Inside the ovaries, eggs mature and female sex
hormones are produced. These hormones are known
as Estrogen and Progesterone.
 Estrogen is the MAIN FEMALE HORMONE
responsible for sexual characteristics, such as breasts,
during puberty.
 Estrogen and Progesterone play a part in the menstrual
cycle and pregnancy.
 Mammary Glands-located in the woman’s breasts
 Main Purpose-to make breast milk.
 Breast milk is full of nutrients for a newborn baby that
help it to grow and fight infection.
 (Keep in mind- all the hormones mentioned are
regulated by the Pituitary Gland).
 Testes-make sperm and testosterone
 Testosterone-the MAIN male hormone responsible for
the development of male sexual characteristics during
puberty.
 The overall change from a child’s body, to an adult body.
 Start and End time of Puberty:
 Girls usually begin when they are 8 to 13 years old.
 Girls usually finish when they are 15 to 17 years old
 Boys usually begin when they are 10 to 15 years old
 Boys usually end when they are 17 to 18 years old
 *There is no normal time for a person to start
puberty.*
 The pituitary gland begins puberty by sending out
hormones telling the ovaries and testes to make their
own hormones.
 These hormones effect the reproductive system which
causes the body to change.
 New hair growth (under arms, on legs and near private
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areas)
Increase in oil from the oil glands making the skin oily
which causes pimples (acne).
Arms/feet/legs can grow faster than the rest of the body
making boys and girls feel “clumsy.”
Height and Weight gain.
Extra layer of fat under the skin-gives protection to bones
and organs.
Increased sweating.
Voice changes:
-Girls voices-lower/richer
-Boys voices-deeper and voice cracks during speaking
 Wider shoulders and more developed muscles.
 Growth of hair on face
 During puberty, a boys body is able to make mature
sperm (causing pregnancy in girls).
 Boys become fertile all the time.
 Girls develop a thicker layer of fat when compared to boys.
 Hips and breasts become larger preparing a girls body to
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have babies.
(Trying to get rid of these changes through dieting is not a
good idea; It’s natural).
During puberty, the girls body makes estrogen instructing
the body it’s time to change into a woman.
Start of the Menstrual Cycle- (begins on the first day of her
period and ends when the next period starts.
(Girls can get pregnant the few days each month she is
fertile)
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Adrenal Glands -organs that make adrenaline
Adrenaline - “fight or flight” hormone
Estrogen -main female hormone
Glands -small organs that make chemicals to help your body
function in many ways.
Growth hormones -chemicals causing bones, muscles and other
organs to grow.
Hormones-chemicals that tell your body when/how to function.
Insulin- hormone that controls how your body uses sugar.
Mammary Glands-found in woman’s breast, makes milk for
infants.
Ovaries-main sex glands in females
Pancreas-organ that makes hormones helping food digestion.
 Parathyroid glands-small organs that make a hormone
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controlling the level of minerals in the blood/bones.
Pituitary Gland- “master gland,” controls the other
glands in your body
Puberty- stage of life when a person begins to mature
sexually/when a child’s body changes into an adult’s.
Testes- main sex glands in males
Testosterone-main male hormone
Thyroid Gland-gland that makes hormones affecting
the bodies growth and energy usage.