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A SOLUTION TO THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEM,
THE POSSIBLE NATURE OF THE PHYSICAL TIME
AND THE ORIGIN OF THE BARYON CHARGE
Bukalov A.V.
The Centre for Physical and Space Research, IIS
<[email protected]>
It is known, that the standard estimations within the limits of the quantum field theory give values of vacuum energy
density is ρv ≈ 2.2∙1071GeV4. This value is in 10120 times more than the observed one ρv(obs) ≈ (2∙10-3eV)4. It is possible to
refer to such directions the attempts to solve the cosmological constant problem by analogy to the superconductivity theory.
Let's consider the condensation of fermion gas with weak attraction between fermions with the fermion masses close to the
Planck mass. In that case the dark energy density is defined by density of energy gaps Δv as binding energies of fermion
pairs, which form a condensate as the difference between the energy densities of the superfluid and normal components
according to the theory of superfluid fermion gas. We obtain ρDE = (4πG)-1(8πtPe1/λ)-2 = c5(256π3G2e2/α)-1 = 6.095·10-30g/sm3,
where λ = α = (137.0599)-1, in excellent agreement with the PLANK data. But equality λ and α does not mean identity, and
it can be associated with the parameters of the interaction of “dark sector” particles. It gives also the new model of
exponential expansion and the hot stage of the Universe. It is followed that the modern evolution of the universe can be
viewed as a process of phase transition with the formation of a new phase of condensate of primary fermions. In this case
physical time is an indicator of this phase transition. The obtained value of the Hubble parameter H0 = 68.2 km·sec−1·Mpc−1
is also in a good agreement with the PLANCK results. The proposed theory allows us to describe the origin of baryons and
baryon charge, and gives the observed baryon number NB= 2.62∙1078 in the observed Hubble radius.