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For Educational Use Only
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Intestinal Bacteria: A Natural Occurrence
The entire gastrointestinal tract naturally contains a
certain amount of bacteria. The number of bacteria
is greatest in the colon (at least 1 billion bacteria per
milliliter of fluid), and much lower in the small intestine
(less than 10,000 bacteria per ml of fluid)1. The types
of bacteria within the small intestine are different than
those within the colon1,2.
Healthy
DAMAGED
Figure 2: Small bowel biopsy of a healthy and damaged
small intestine
Proximal Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) refers
to a condition in which abnormally large numbers of
bacteria (at least 100,000 bacteria per ml of fluid)
are present in the small intestine, and the bacteria
resemble the type usually found in the colon3,4.
Recent studies have shown that many patients with
Irritable Bowel Syndrome also suffer from SIBO,
and may benefit from eradication of the offending
organism in order to maintain normal bacterial
populations in the gut4.
Healthy
Bacteria Defense Mechanisms
The bacterial stability of the small bowel is
accomplished by several bodily functions:
Overgrowth
Figure 1: Bacterial population and location in
healthy and overgrowth conditions.
The symptoms of SIBO include:
• Excess gas
• Abdominal bloating and distension
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Malabsorption
• Malnutrition/weight loss
A typical patient with SIBO can experience symptoms
that fluctuate in intensity over long periods of time
before the diagnosis is established5. For example, a
small number of patients with SIBO may experience
chronic constipation rather than diarrhea. Some may
even experience symptoms that are unrelated to the
gastrointestinal tract, such as body aches or fatigue. In
any case, the symptoms of SIBO tend to be chronic.
• Stomach acid kills bacteria that are present in foods
or drinks.
• Motility of the small intestine moves bacteria along
preventing colonization and avoiding overgrowth.
• Pancreatic enzymes digest and allow nutrients
to be absorbed by the body.
• Mucosal immune response through
IgA secretion constitutes a first line of
defense responsible for neutralizing
antigens and pathogens.
• The ileo-cecal valve prevents reflux of
colonic contents back into the small
intestines.
When one or more of
these natural defenses are
compromised, bacteria
overgrowth in the small intestine
may result; this overgrowth is
difficult to correct. The bacteria
bind to the lining of the small
intestine and mount their
own defense mechanism,
preventing the body from
removing it.
Figure 3: The human body utilizes
natural defense mechanisms against
bacterial overgrowth in the small
bowel
Support Normal Bacteria Populations
Optical Density
Research has shown that a formula using natural ingredients made up of peptides, essential oils, chelators and
enzymes can support normal levels of prominent bacteria such as E.coli and Bacteroides species, allowing the
body’s natural defense mechanisms to control these bacterial populations in the small intestine6,7,8,9,10. The addition
of probiotics to the formula also contributes to maintaining normal populations of bacteria in the small intestine.
ThioZyme®GI is a formulation of these ingredients, designed to promote optimal digestive tract function.
Time (Minutes)
Graph 1. Example of one natural ingredient that reduces and one
that suppresses bacterial growth and the combination of the two
(ThioZymeGI)
Impacting Bacterial Growth
Before Formula
After Formula
> 1 million E.coli
colonies
< 10,000 E.coli
colonies
Figure 4. The natural formula changes the E.coli
population under physiological conditions.
Before Formula
After Formula
Figure 5. The natural formula does not interfere with
B. subtilis population under physiological conditions.
References:
1. Hersh T, et al, Disturbance of the Jejunal and Colonic Bacterial Flora in Immunglobulins Deficiencies,
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1970; 23;1595-1601 6. B
arrett, JS, et al, Probiotic Effects on Intestinal
Fermentation Patterns in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2008;
14: 5020-5024
2. Lee, KJ, et al, Altered Intestinal Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Neurogastroenterology Motility.
2010; 22: 493-498
3. Ford A et al, Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome, systematic review and metaanalysis, Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2009; (12):1279-86
4.Sing VV, Toskes, Philip PP, Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth: Presentation, diagnosis & treatment, Current
Gastroenterology Reports, 2003; 5:365-72
5. Zhao, J, et al, Lactose Intolerance in Patients with Chronic Functional Diarrhea, the Role of Small Intestinal
Bacterial Overgrowth, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics., 2010; (8):892-900
6. Barrett, JS, et al, Probiotic Effects on Intestinal Fermentation Patterns in Patients with Irritable Bowel
Syndrome, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2008; 14: 5020-5024
7. Gabriella Casula and Simon M. Cutting, Bacillus Probiotics: Spore Germination in the Gastrointestinal Tract,
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May; 68(5): 2344–2352.
8. Huynh A. Hong, et al, Bacillus subtilis isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract, Research in
Microbiology 160 (2009) 134e143
9. La Ragione, R. M., G. Casula, S. M. Cutting, and S. M. Woodward. 2001. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis spores
competitively exclude Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli 070:K80 in poultry. Vet. Microbiol. 2062:133-142.
10.Nguyen K. M. Tam, et al, The Intestinal Life Cycle of Bacillus subtilis and Close Relatives, Journal of
Bacteriology, April 2006, p. 2692-2700, Vol. 188, No. 7
These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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