Download The Allied VictoryPDF - Period 4 World History Overview

Warm Up
• 1. What were the various stages of
the Holocaust? (What were the Nazi’s
original solution & Final Solution?)
• 2. What impact do you think the
Holocaust had on Jews in Europe and
other parts of the world?
The Allied Victory
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
• Churchill and Roosevelt agree to open up
second front in East
• Britain sends “Monty” to N. Africa
• Germans had advanced to El Alamein
• Monty decided only way to dislodge was
full frontal assault- Battle of El Alamein
• Fierce fighting lasted 10/23-11/4
• Rommel’s forces fall back West
• Allies launch “Operation Torch”
• 11/8 100,000 Allies land on Morocco &
Algeria
• Sandwiches the Africa Korps who were
crushed 5/43
Operation Torch
November 1942
1. Two Front War
4. Crush the “Desert Fox”
2. American invasion
5. Eisenhower (East)
3. Vichy Government
6. Montgomery (West)
The Battle of Stalingrad
• Battle of Leningrad halted German advance in
winter of 41-42
• Summer of ‘42 Hitler sends 6th Army to USSR
• Goals:
• Seize the oil fields in the Caucasus Mts.
• Capture Stalingrad
• Luftwaffe go on nightly bombing raids
• Nov ‘42 Reich controls 90% of city
• 11/19 Soviets launch counterattack
• Trapped Germans & cut off supplies
• Feb. ‘43 90,000 of 330,000 troops left
surrender
• Cost for the Russians:
• 1 million soldiers, 99% of city destroyed
Invasion of Italy – Operation Husky
Starts June 10 ‘43
-
Allied Forces land in Sicily ,capture it in a month
Mussolini arrested on July 25
Sep. 3 Italy surrenders, but Germany recaptures North
Allies enter Rome on 6/4/44, fighting continues till Fall of Germany
Italian resistance fighters pin Mussolini 4/27/45
Warm-Up
• 1. Which British General was
responsible for leading them to
victory in North Africa?
• 2. Why do you think that Germany
would not allow accept or allow it’s
ally, Italy to surrender?
Mobilizing for the War
• Allied countries mobilized for total war
• Factories made wartime goods
• 17-18 million Americans had jobs in
war industries
• Shortage of consumer goods in U.S.
• U.S. rationed scare items
• Lowered speed limit to 35 mph
• Euro. Countries rationed even more
• Allies used propaganda to inspire
Propaganda Posters
War Limits Civil Rights
• Propaganda increased prejudice
• Many Americans fearful of Japanese
Americans after Pearl Harbor
• 2/1942 FDR calls for internment J-A’s
• March military “rounded up” J-A’s
• 2/3 were Nisei
• Camps were located far from the coast
• 11,000 German “aliens” & German
Americans put into internment camps
• Unlike Japanese they have never
received apology or reparations
Teheran Conference
November 28-December 1, 1943
Outcome:
•
•
•
Unconditional Surrender
Invade Western Europe in
1944.
Stalin will help Allies against
Japan
Concessions:
•
•
Yugoslav partisans aided
Stalin keeps part of Poland
D-Day Invasion
• Allies planed to launch
attack on France
• By May 1944 3 million
troops ready
• “Ike” commander of force
• Germany knew attack was
coming, not where
• Allies set up dummy army
• Operation Overlord=
invasion of Normandy
France
• June 6, 1944
• Largest land/sea attack in
history
D-Day
• British, American, French, & Canadians
land on 60 mile stretch of beach
• Germans were waiting
• 2,700 Americans alone died on beaches
• Allies held beachheads
• Within a month 1 million additional
troops came to France
• July 25 1944 pushed through Germans
near Saint-Lo
• Third Army led by U.S. Gen. Patton led
the charge
• August liberated Paris
• By September France, Belgium,
Luxemburg liberated
Battle of the Bulge
• As Allied forces were charging from
West, Soviets from East
• Hitler decides to counterattack in the
West
• Hoped victory would break up British
& American troops & disrupt supply
lines
• 12/16/44 German tanks broke through
a weak point of American line
• Germans pushed through, Allies push
back
• Victory obtained 1/25/45
• Germans had no reinforcements
• Luftwaffe was smashed, reserves
exhausted
Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
• By late March ‘45 Allies roll
across the Rhine River
• 3 million troops came from the
West 6 million Soviets from the
East
• Concentration camps were
liberated as Allies marched
• 1st Majdanek by Soviets 7/23/44
• Auschwitz 1/27/45 (Soviets)
• 4/25 Soviets arrived at Berlin
• 4/29 Hitler marries Eva Braun
• 4/30 They committed suicide
V-E Day May 8, 1945
Warm-Up
• Who was the Supreme Commander of
Allied forces in Europe?
• What was the reason why so many
Japanese-Americans were in internment
camps?
• Do you think this action was justified?
Why or why not?
The Japanese Retreat
• USS Princeton
• Guadalcanal stopped the
Japanese advance in the
Pacific
• “People of the Philippines, I
have retuned” MacArthur
• Japan’s plan was to destroy
USA fleet
• Battle of Leyte Gulf lasted 4
days
• Japanese Navy losses severe
• Army & Kamikazes were last
defense
Iwo Jima & Okinawa
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
• Fought Feb-March ’45
• 760 miles away from
Tokyo
• Only battle in which US
Marines fought in which
causalities were higher
than Japanese
• Japanese deaths 3x’s
more
• 82 day battle fought
early April- mid June
• 350 miles from S. Japan
• Highest number of
casualties in the Pacific
• Japanese 100,000
• Allies 65,000
• Tens of thousands of
civilians killed wounded
or committed suicide
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
Manhattan Project
• Next stop Japan for Allies
• Operation downfall planned invasion of
Japan
• Estimates in loss of life:
• 1/2 million- million for Allies
• Millions for Japan (military & civilian)
• FDR dies in April of ’45
• Truman takes over Presidency
• Becomes aware of the Manhattan
project (Oppenheimer & Gen. Groves)
• First atomic bomb exploded in New
Mexico 7/16/45 (Trinity test)
• Produced 20 kilotons of TNT
• “Rain of ruin from the air”
Japanese Surrender
• Japanese did not reply to Truman’s threat
• Several months before U.S. dropped leaflets
warning of destruction
• 8/6 Enola Gay dropped A-Bomb on Hiroshima
• 70,000-80,000 died in the attack
• Japan still hesitant to unconditional surrender
• Bockscar dropped “Fat Man” on Nagasaki
8/9
• 70,000 were killed instantly
• Initial surrender 8/15
• Japanese surrender 9/2 aboard USS Missouri
• J-V Day brings WWII to official close