Download solar radiation

Name: ______KEY_____________________________
Period: _____
Weather and Climate
Heat Transfer
1. Match the heat transfer to the example.
__b__ conduction
a. drying your boots over a hot-air vent
__a__ convection
b. burning your bare feet on hot sand
__c__ radiation
c. feeling the sun’s warmth on your face
2. Most of the heating of the troposphere is caused by __solar radiation___.
3. The upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air form _Convection
Currents_.
Winds
4. The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure is referred
to as _Wind__.
5. Differences in air pressure are caused by _Density Changes _ of the atmosphere.
6. Match the instrument with what it measures.
__b__ wind vane
a. wind speed
__a__ anemometer
b. wind direction
7. True or False: A south wind blows toward the south. False, winds are named for the direction of
origin
8. Winds that blow over short distances are called __local winds or breezes_.
9. Local winds are caused by __Changes in Air Density and Air Pressure_________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
10. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the unequal heating of land and water.
a. Land warms up faster than water.
b. During the day, air over water is warmer than air over land.
c. Water cools more quickly than land.
d. At night, air over water is cooler than air over land.
11. Label the drawings to indicate which drawing shows a sea breeze and which drawing shows a land
breeze.
Sea breeze
Land breeze
12. Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances are called _streams,trade winds,
westerlies, easterlies, polar winds_.
13. Identify the global wind belts and calm areas in the figure.
1. _Polar Easterlies_
2. _Westerlies__
3. __Trade Winds____
4. __0 longitude___
5. __Doldrums___
14. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about global winds.
a. They are created by unequal heating of Earth’s surface.
b. They are produced by the movement of air between the equator and the poles.
c. They blow in a straight line from the poles toward the equator.
d. They curve because of Earth’s rotation.
15. As Earth rotates, the Coriolis effect causes winds in the Northern Hemisphere to turn toward the
_clockwise direction__.
16. The calm areas around Earth include the __poles__ and the __equator/doldrums___.
17. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about jet streams.
a. They are about 100 kilometers above Earth’s surface.
b. They are hundreds of kilometers wide.
c. They blow from east to west.
d. They blow at speeds of 200 to 400 kilometers per hour.
Building Vocabulary - Winds
18. A __Wind_ is a horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower
pressure.
19. Wind speed is measured with a(n) __knots or Km/hr or mph_.
20. The increased cooling that a wind can cause is called the _Chill factor_.
21. _Local winds or breezes_ are winds that blow over short distances.
22. The flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land is called a _Sea Breeze_.
23. The flow of air from land to a body of water is called a __Land Breeze__.
24. Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons are called _Jet
Stream__.
25. Winds that blow steadily from specific direction over long distances are __prevailing winds__.
26. The way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve is called the __Coriolis Effect_.
27. Bands of high-speed winds about 10 km above Earth’s surface are called _Jet Streams__.
Humidity
28. A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air is _Humidity__.
29. Relative humidity is the amount of moisture in the air at one time compared to the maximum amout of
moisture the air could hold at that temperature and pressure______________.
Air Masses and Fronts
30. What is an air mass? A large amount of air all traveling in the same direction.
31. Scientists classify air masses according to _temperature____ and __humidity___.
32. True or False: Polar air masses have low air pressure. False Colder air has higher air pressure and
warmer air has lower air pressure due to the density of the air.
33. Complete the compare / contrast table.
Maritime Tropical
Maritime Polar
Continental Tropical
Continental Polar
34. In the continental United States, major wind belts generally push air masses from _West__ to
____East_____.
35. Label the drawings to indicate a cold front and a warm front.
36. Match the type of front with how it forms.
_c_ cold front
a. a moving warm air mass collides with a slowly moving cold air mass
_a_ warm front
b. a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses
_d_ stationary front
c. a rapidly moving cold air mass runs into a slow moving warm air mass
_b_ occluded front
d. a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet and remain stalled
Building Vocabulary – Air Masses and Fronts
37. A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity and air pressure throughout it is called a(n)
__Air Mass
38. ____Tropical_____ air masses form in the tropics and have low pressure.
39. Air masses that form over oceans are called _____Maritime_____ air masses.
40. ___Polar_____ air masses form north of 50o north latitude and south of 50o south latitude.
41. The area where air masses meet and do not mix becomes a(n) __front___.
42. ____Continental_____ air masses form over land, in the middle of continents.
43. A warm air mass that is cut off from the ground is said to be __occluded___.
44. A swirling center of low air pressure is called a(n) ___cyclone, tornado or hurricane_____.
45. __Anticyclone___ are high-pressure centers of dry air.
Cyclones and Anticyclones
46. A swirling center of low air pressure is called a(n) __cyclone__.
47. True or false: Winds spiral inward toward the center of a cyclone. False they swirly outward and
upward
48. True or false: Winds in an anticyclone spin clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. True
Storms
49. A sudden energy discharge between parts of a cloud or between the cloud and the ground is called
__Lightning___.
50. What is a tornado? A violent swirling column of air in contact with the ground
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about where and when tornadoes occur.
a. Tornadoes are most likely in late summer and early fall.
b. Tornadoes occur often in the Great Plains.
c. Tornadoes occur more often in the United States than in any other country.
d. Tornadoes occur in just a few parts of the United States.
51. Where is the safest place to be during a tornado?basement, storm cellar or the most interior place in
a building away from windows and doors
52. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about a hurricane.
a. It is a tropical storm.
b. It has winds of at least 159 kilometers per hour.
c. It is typically about 60 kilometers across.
d. It forms over water.
54. Fill in each blank in the diagram with one of the following phrases: path of hurricane; eye of
hurricane; warm moist air; wind direction
EYE
Warm moist air (rainbands)
Path or Track of hurricane
EYE wall showing wind direction
55. The quiet center of a hurricane is called the __eye________.
56. True or False: Hurricanes do not last as long as other storms. False they often last days or weeks
57. True or False: If you hear a hurricane warning and are told to evacuate, you should leave the area
immediately. Yes this is true if you are in the evacuation zone. But this is false if you are outside of
the evacuation zone.
Building Vocabulary - Storms
58. __c__ storm
a. a tropical storm that has winds of 119 km/hr or higher
59. __b__ lightning
b. a spark between parts of a cloud or between the cloud and the ground
60. __f__ tornado
c. a violent disturbance in the atmosphere
61. _a___ hurricane
d. a “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands
62. _d___ storm surge
e. move away temporarily
63. __e__ evacuate
f. a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm
cloud to touch Earth’s surface
Predicting the Weather
64. Scientists who study the causes of weather and try to predict it are called _meterologists____.
65. A warm-water event that occurs periodically in the Pacific Ocean is called _el Nino_____.
66. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about El Niño.
a. When it occurs, warm surface water is pushed toward South America.
b. It prevents cold water from rising to the surface near the coast of South America.
c. It occurs once every five to ten years.
d. It can affect weather patterns in places as far away as Florida.
67. What data are shown on a weather map? Temperature, Pressure, Wind direction and speed,
Fronts, jet streams, dew points
68. What is the weather information below, at the weather station represented by the symbol shows?
a. Temperature
___38ºF____
b. air pressure
____1018 mb____
c. wind direction
___Southwest wind
northeast____
blowing to the
Fill in the blanks in the table by interpreting the symbols on the map.
Weather Factor
Denver
Chicago
New York
78
78
74
Partly cloudy
partly cloudy
cloudy
Southwest
West
southeast
Wind Speed (mph)
3-8
9-14
3-8
Air Pressure (inches)
30.3
~30.05
30.01
Temperature (oF)
Cloud Cover
Wind Direction
69. Match the term with its definition.
__b_ Isobar
a. lines on a weather map joining places that have the same temperature
__a_ Isotherms
b. lines on a weather map joining places that have the same air pressure
70. Why is weather forecasting tricky, even with current technology? It is based on probability and not
certainty because too many factors affect the weather
71.
True or False: The butterfly effect refers to the fact that a small change in the weather today can
mean a larger change in the weather a week later. True