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Transcript
Classroom copy – put this BACK after you check your homework. a. 13th Amendment: banned slavery in the United States. This could mean that millions of former slaves now had the chance to own land, go to school, reunite with their families and live as free people. b. Legislators: the people who make the laws in a legislative body like Congress or the state assemblies. When the Civil War ended, the same people who had led the south out of the nation were voted into power by southern whites. c. Johnson’s Plan: his plan gave a government pardon to most Confederates and allowed southern states to quickly reenter the union, as all they needed to do was ratify the 13th Amendment and ban slavery. d. Black Codes: southern states made new laws called black codes to limit the freedom of black people. These codes, which varied by state, barred freepeople from voting, serving on juries, owning guns, and even moving around. e. 14th Amendment: passed by Congress in order to protect the rights of freepeople. This law stated that all people born in the United States are citizens, says a state cannot deprive someone of “life, liberty or property, without due process” and says that all persons are entitled to “the equal protection of the laws” of the United States. f. Radical: one who is extreme in his or her beliefs. The Radical Republicans were considered radical because they believed that blacks and whites are equal and should receive equal treatment by the law. g. Radical Reconstruction: the time period during which the Radical Republicans led in Congress. During this time the governments of all the states that hadn’t ratified the 14th Amendment were removed and replaced by military rule. The South was divided into five military districts and the United States Army occupied the South. A state could not enter the union unless it ratified the 14th Amendment and let black men vote. During this time, southern blacks registered as Republicans and Republicans won all the southern states. (This is not a model answer, as it’s too long – but I added extra because it’s information I want you to know.) h. Scalawags: southern whites who had opposed secession before the war and voted Republican during Reconstruction. i. Carpetbaggers: northerners who went south after the war for job opportunities, businesses or political positions. They were called carpetbaggers because southerners who didn’t like them said they were in such a rush to take advantage of the South that they threw everything they owned into a cheap carpetbag and went south. They also voted Republican.