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The verb ‘to be’ (estar) in the present tense
The verb ‘estar’ (to be) is one of the most commonly used verbs in the Spanish
language.
You should memorize the different forms of this verb in the present tense, as it
will be extremely useful to you. Just as in English, the verb forms change
(conjugate) depending on the subject. The subject is the person ‘doing’ the action
that is expressed in the verb.
For example, in English, we say: I am happy. He is happy. We are students. You
are happy. She is happy …etc. Notice how the form of ‘be’ changes, depending on
‘who’ is ‘being’ happy. The verb forms also change like this in Spanish.
The following are the different forms of the verb ‘estar’:
yo estoy
I am
tú estás
You (singular/informal) are
él está
He is
ella está
She is
Usted está
You (singular/formal) are
nosotros estamos
We are
vosotros estáis
You (plural/informal) are * Spain only
ellos están
they (masculine/mix) are
ellas están
they (feminine) are
Ustedes están
you (plural -formal/informal) are *Everywhere
NOTE: In Spanish there are two different verbs that express the idea of ‘to be’:
‘ser’ and ‘estar’
Estar- is used for aspects of something or someone that are temporary ( location,
feelings, emotions, states of being etc.)
For example:
Yo estoy contento.
(I am happy)
Tú estás al parque.
(You are at the park.)
Elizabeta está embarazada.
(Elizabeth is pregnant)
Sra. Montes no está enojada.
(Mrs. Montes is not angry)
Ser- is used for aspects of something or someone that do not change easily
For example:
Yo soy Jorge.
( I am George)
Tú eres bajo.
( You are short)
Elizabeta es alta.
(Elizabeth is tall)
Sr. Buñol es el jefe.
(Mr. Buñol is the boss.)
Expressions with estar
There are several adjectives that can be used along with the verb ‘estar’ to
express states of being. The adjectives (describing words) change in some cases
depending on the gender and number of people being described.
Estar triste
to be sad
Estar enojado/a
to be angry
Estar feliz
to be happy
(content/a)
Estar nervioso/a
to be nervous
Estar emocionado/a
to be excited
Estar aburrido/a
to be bored
Estar enfermo/a
to be sick
Estar perdido/a
to be lost
Estar ocupado/a
to be busy
Estar de buen humor
to be in a good mood
Estar de mal humor
to be in a bad mood
Estar bien
to be well
Estar mal
to not be well
Estar cansado/a
to be tired