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Sophocles (496-406 B.C.) 90 years! Family From distinguished Athenian family Father = Sophillus – wealth from slave-manufactured weaponry Boyhood Education the usual poetry & gymnastics Music (Lampros = teacher) – lead boys’ chorus to celebrate Athenian victory over Persians (480 B.C.) Actor – solo lyre playing, sang and danced female roles Social Prominence military general/admiral, saw no battle himself president of treasury board member of government advisory board reputation for sanity and diplomacy Success in Tragedy 468 B.C. (28 yrs. old) entered Dionysia Competition, and WON! Devoted life to theatre Popularity Conventional Religion Immutable order in the universe, enforced by fate & gods One must take responsibility for one’s life Personality Peace-loving, happy temperament Loved Athens Wit, Charm, Wisdom, stability, common sense Universal Human Experience Theatrical Devices & Contributions mechane/deus ex machina “god from machine” increased # of chorus to 15 added 3rd separate individual character, more complex plots The Math 123 plays in 63 years of writing; 7 survive today 24 = 1st Prize Award 99 = 2nd Prize Award Died 1-2 years before his beloved city fell to Spartans (405 or 406 B.C.)