Download physics 30 Matter assignment 4 - ND

PHYSICS 30 MATTER ASSIGNMENT 4
VERSION:0
For the following question complete communication must be shown. Communication consists of an introduction to the physics
of the situation, diagrams, word explanations and supporting calculations in a well laid out formula, substitution, answer format.
1. A smoke detector uses the radioactive isotope americium-241. This emits alpha particles ionizing the air around it
and allowing an electric current to flow through the air. Smoke prevents this current flowing. (10.00 marks)
a) Complete the following equation for the radioactive decay of americium-241 showing all mass numbers and atomic
numbers.
241
95 Am
→ Np + α + γ : α = alpha γ = gamma
b) The activity of the americium in a smoke detector is about 35.0 kBq. If the half life of americium-241 is
1.36 x 1010 seconds (432 yr), how long will the smoke detector run before it’s activity is reduced to 30.0 kBq and the
detector need replacement?
c) Given the following isotopic masses, (in g/mol) determine the energy released in the radioactive decay of one atom of
americium-241. (Avagadro’s number = 6.022 x 1023)
2. a) The diagram shows the kinetic energy distribution of the electrons emitted in the β - decay of
The energy released during
(10.00 marks)
β- decay depends
into
.
on the mass defect in the transmutation, as it does in nuclear fission.
i) a) The diagram shows the kinetic energy distribution of the electrons emitted in the β- decay of
shows the reason that neutrinos were first hypothesized. The energy released during
defect in the transmutation, as it does in all nuclear reactions. 10.00 marks)
ii) Use the data to calculate the mass defect in the β- decay of
iii) Account for the energy distribution of electrons emitted in
β- decay
into
. It
depends on the mass
. (Assume that the neutrino is a massless particle.)
this β- decay.
PHYSICS 30 MATTER ASSIGNMENT 4
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b) The diagram represents the four spectral lines in the visible region of the hydrogen spectrum known as the Balmer
Series.
(i) Explain how the Balmer Series provides strong experimental evidence in support of Bohr's model of the
hydrogen atom.
(ii) Calculate the wavelength of the next line in the Balmer Series. (E7 = -.2775 eV)
PHYSICS 30 MATTER ASSIGNMENT 4
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3. Iodine-131 is a radioactive element used in the medical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid problems. Iodine-131
undergoes simultaneous beta and gamma decay and has a half-life of 8.00 days. (10.00 marks)
• Write the complete decay equation for iodine-131.
• Complete the table below by entering the amount of iodine-131 remaining over 40 days.
• Explain how you obtained data for the table.
• Provide a graph of the theoretical decay of 2.00 g of iodine-131.
The thyroid gland uses iodine to make hormones that the human body needs. The thyroid gland is the only tissue in the
human body that collects iodine. An overactive thyroid gland that causes medical problems can be treated with a
high dose of iodine-131, which destroys the thyroid gland only.
• A treatment centre receives a shipment of 5.00 g of iodine-131. The treatment center stores the iodine-131. What is the
amount of iodine-131 remaining after 3.00 days?
• Identify at least two risks and one benefit of using radioactive isotopes in medical treatments.
Clearly communicate your understanding of the physics principles that you are using to solve this question. You
may communicate this understanding mathematically, graphically, and/or with written statements.
PHYSICS 30 MATTER ASSIGNMENT 4
VERSION:0
Choose the best response and place your answers, using HB pencil, on the Scantron sheet provided.
1. A piece of platinum becomes red hot when placed in the path of a narrow beam of cathode rays. The most direct
inference from this observation is that cathode rays
a.
possess mass
b.
produce X rays
c.
carry a charge
d.
possess momentum
2.
An electron passes undeflected through perpendicular electric magnetic fields that have strengths of 2.4 x 103 N/C and
3.0 x 10-2 T respectively. The speed of the electron, expressed in scientific notation, is b x 10w m/s.
The value of w is __________.
(Write the value of w, do not use significant digits. )
3. A beam of charged particles moves undeflected through a region of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields.
The magnetic field has a magnitude of 2.0 x 10-3 T. The electric field is produced by two parallel plates 3.0 cm
apart with a potential difference of 3.0 x 102 V. The speed of the particles is:
a.
4.5 x 103 m/s
b.
2.5 x 105 m/s
c.
7.0 x 104 m/s
d.
5.0 x 106 m/s
4. Rutherford's calculation of the radius of a gold nucleus used all of the following concepts except
a.
momentum
b.
potential energy
c.
kinetic energy
d.
elementary charge
5. Which one of the following statements is the assumption that Niels Bohr made about the angular momentum of
the electron in the hydrogen atom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The angular momentum of the electron is zero.
The angular momentum can assume only certain discrete values.
Angular momentum is not quantized.
The angular momentum can assume any value greater than zero because it's proportional to the radius of the
orbit.
The angular momentum is independent of the mass of the electron.
6. The momentum of a photon with a period of vibration of 8.64 x 10-13 s is
a.
2.56 x 10-4 kg·m/s
b.
2.56 x 10-30 kg·m/s
c.
7.67 x 10-22 kg·m/s
d.
1.91 x 10-54 kg·m/s
7. An electron accelerates from rest through a potential difference of 2.00 kV. What is its de Broglie wavelength at
the end of its acceleration?
a.
1.04 x 10-18 m
b.
3.88 x 10-11 m
c.
2.75 x 10-11 m
d.
8.69 x 10-10 m
PHYSICS 30 MATTER ASSIGNMENT 4
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8.
The frequency of light in the first spectral line in the Paschen series (nf = 3), expressed in scientific notation, is
b x 10w Hz.
The value of b is ___________. )
(Round and record your answer to two digits)
9. Experiments performed with light indicate that light exhibits
a.
c.
particle properties, only
both particle and wave properties
b.
d.
wave properties, only
neither particle nor wave properties
10. A muon has a mass equivalent to 106 MeV/c2. Determine the mass of a muon, in units of kilograms.
1.18 x 10-9 kg
a.
b.
1.70 x 10-15 kg
c.
1.18 x 10-15 kg
d.
1.89 x 10-28 kg
11.
1. weak nuclear force
2. strong nuclear force
3. gravitational force
4. electromagnetic force
In order of increasing magnitude, the above forces are (from weakest to strongest) ___, ___, ___, and ___.
(Record all four digits of your answer on the answer sheet.)
PHYSICS 30 MATTER ASSIGNMENT 4
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12. An alpha particle is
a.
c.
a charged hydrogen atom.
an electron.
b.
d.
a negatively charged particle of mass number one.
the nucleus of a helium atom.
13. Isotopes can be defined as similar
a.
c.
atoms that have the same number of nucleons.
ions that have the same number of electrons.
b.
d.
atoms that have the same number of neutrons.
atoms that have the same number of protons.
14. The half-life of a theoretical radioactive isotope is 11.6 h. If there are 5.5 x 1022 atoms initially, how many
atoms will remain after 48 h?
a.
3.1 x 1021 atoms
b.
1.7 x 107 atoms
4.7 x 1022 atoms
c.
d.
1.1 x 1011 atoms
15. An experiment starts with 1.45 kg of iodine-131. After 32.2 days, 90.6 g are left. The half-life of iodine-131 is
a.
32.2 days
b.
16.1 days
c.
8.05 days
d.
4.04 days.
16. If nitrogen nuclei are bombarded with alpha particles they can be changed into oxygen nuclei. This
phenomenon is known as
a.
nuclear fission
b.
nuclear fusion
c.
artificial transmutation d.
particle scattering
17. What occurs when an atom emits gamma radiation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The excited nucleus changes to a more stable state by absorbing a photon.
The excited nucleus changes to a more stable state by emitting a photon.
The stable nucleus changes to an excited state by emitting a photon.
The stable nucleus changes to an excited state by absorbing a photon.
18. An isotope of uranium undergoes a fission reaction when bombarded with neutrons.
1
0
141
n + 235
92 U → 56 Ba +
92
36
Kr + 3 01 n
What is the mass number of the uranium isotope used?
a.
233
b.
235
c.
237
d.
238
19.
Complete the following fusion reaction:
+
→
+
The values of a, b, c, and d, respectively, are ______, ______, ______, and ______. (Record all four digits of your
answer on the answer sheet.)
PHYSICS 30 MATTER ASSIGNMENT 4
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20. This is a small portion of the periodic table shown for reference
If alpha radiation were to be used instead of gamma radiation in the sterilization of food, artificial transmutation of the
elements inside the food might occur. The transmutation that produces a single product from an incident alpha particle
is:
a.
16
8O
→
18
9F
b.
16
8O
→
c.
20
10 Ne
12
6C
→
d.
14
6C
21. Which entry in the table below describes the daughter nucleus when
31
−
14 Si decays by β emission?
number of protons number of neutrons
15
16
13
17
14
30
a.
c.
e.
b.
d.
f.
number of protons number of neutrons
15
31
13
18
22.
Which subatomic particle(s) will not leave tracks in a bubble chamber?
1 proton
2 alpha particle
3 neutron
4 electron
(Record all appropriate digits on the answer sheet in numeric order.)
23. In a common household smoke detector, smoke particles _____ radioactive emission sources and activate the
alarm.
a.
ionize
b.
absorb
c.
vaporize
d.
deflect
24. Calculate the binding energy for iron-58, which has a nuclear mass of 57.933817 u. (p = 1.0726 u, n = 1.0086
u)
a.
-4.92 x 1016 J
b.
-2.72 x 10-19 J
c.
-3.33 x 10-10 J
d.
-5.05 x 10-10 J
25. What total mass must be converted into energy to produce a gamma photon with an energy of 1.03 × 10-13 J?
a.
1.14 × 10-30 kg
b.
3.43 × 10-22 kg
c.
3.09 × 10-5 kg
d.
8.75 × 1029 kg