Download BIOLOGY 1102

BIOLOGY 1102 - FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY
Third Exam, Fall 2010
Friday, November 5, 2010
Name:
Lab Section:
Signature:
Seat # ____________
1. Remove hats, turn cell phones, Ipods, and other electronics off.
2. Keep books, notes, etc. under your seat, and out of view.
3. On the answer sheet provided, use a #2 pencil to fill in the following information.
Name (last name space first name) in the spaces provided
PeopleSoft Student ID in columns A through G
Lab section in columns L-M
Do NOT mark anything in column K
Other than the spaces provided for the answers, all other spaces should be left blank.
Your exam won't be graded unless the above information is filled in correctly
Use the following information to fill in your correct lab section:
Sec. 11
Sec. 12
Sec. 13
Sec. 14
Sec. 15
Sec. 16
Sec. 17
Sec. 18
Tu 11:30 - 1:30
Tu 3:30 - 5:30
W 9:00 - 11:00
W 1:00 - 3:00
Th 9:30 - 11:30
Th 1:30 - 3:30
F
9:00 - 11:00
F
1:00 - 3:00
4. Circle the best response for each question on the exam. Be sure to answer all questions.
Then, use a #2 pencil to fill out the answer sheet with your responses. Answer fill-in-theblank questions directly in this exam booklet.
5. Sign your exam booklet before turning it in. Be sure to turn in both the exam booklet and the
answer (bubble) sheet.
6. Be prepared to present a photo ID when you turn in your exam.
7. Exam results: Because there is a hand-graded and scantron portion, it may take a week to get
the exams completely graded. Results will be posted as soon as possible to your HuskyCT
pages.
Look over the whole exam before starting so you can budget your time and finish!
Name ________________________
Biol 1102 Exam 3
Questions 1-20. Multiple Choice: 1.5 points each. Select the Best Answer. Circle your answer here and
fill in your bubble sheet. This portion of the exam will be graded using the bubble sheets only.
Questions 1-2 are based on the following information.
Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait in which affected people have trouble forming blood clots and may bleed
excessively from cuts and scrapes to their skin.
XH = Normal blood clotting (dominant)
Xh = Hemophilia (recessive)
If a Male with XHY genotype mated with a Female with XH Xh genotype.
1. What percent of female children will be carriers for Hemophilia?
a. 50%
d. 100%
b. 25%
e. 0%
c. 75%
2. What percent of male children will have Hemophilia?
a. 0%
d. 100%
b. 25%
e. 50%
c. 75%
3. Which of the following is true about a Polygenic trait?
a. Has a phenotype distribution that is normally distributed (bell-shaped curve)
b. A good example is human height
c. Is a trait controlled by more than one gene
d. All of the above are true
e. None of the above are true
4. In a double-stranded DNA molecule, _____ hydrogen bonds hold G and C bases together, while _____
hydrogen bonds hold A and T bases together.
a. 2, 1
d. 3, 4
b. 1, 2
e. 2, 3
c. 3, 2
5. The Cystic Fibrosis gene affects several different phenotypes including reproductive ducts, salivary
ducts, and lachrymal ducts (tears). What term do we use to describe a gene that affects multiple
phenotypes?
a. Autosome
d. Epistasis
b. Incomplete dominance
e. Pleiotropy
c. Co-dominance
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Name ________________________
Biol 1102 Exam 3
Question 6. Answer question 4 based on the following information. You will need to complete the Punnett
Square to answer the question.
Fur color in Labrador Retrievers is a Polygenic trait with Epistasis. There are two genes and
two alleles for each gene:
Gene 1:
B = Black coat (dominant)
b = Brown coat (recessive)
Gene 2:
T = Add pigment to fur (Dominant)
t = No pigment (Recessive) (Yellow)
Mate two retrievers with these genotypes: Male Bbtt x Female bbTt
bT
bt
BbTt
Bbtt
bbTt
bbtt
Bt
bt
6. What percent of the puppies will be brown Labrador Retrievers?
a. 25%
d. 0%
b. 75%
e. 100%
c. 50%
7. Which term describes the genetic condition of inheriting an XXY genotype?
a. Turner’s syndrome
d. Down syndrome
b. Trisomy X
e. Familial aneuploidy
c. Klinefelter’s syndrome
8. During Mitosis, ___________ microtubules push the cell apart from the inside, while _____________
microtubules shorten and pull chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.
a. Kinetochore, polar
d. Polar, centriole
b. Kinetochore, centriole
e. Centriole, centromere
c. Polar, kinetochore
9. Which term describes when a cancer spreads to other parts of the body?
a. MPF
d. Benign
b. Oncogenesis
e. Apoptosis
c. Metastasis
10. During development, the spaces between your fingers are formed by what process?
a. Metastasis
d. Acrosomal division
b. Apoptosis
e. Regeneration
c. Oncogenesis
11. Which of the following is a normal gene involved in starting mitosis?
a. Oncogene
d. Neoplasm
b. Myostatin
e. Melanoma
c. Proto-oncogene
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Name ________________________
Biol 1102 Exam 3
12. Which of the following is a collection of dead white blood cells (pus)?
a. Uterine fibroid
d. Sarcoma
b. Cyst
e. Melanoma
c. Abcess
13. Which gene is considered a negative regulatory protein because it is responsible for blocking the
expression of genes on the X chromosome and allowing 'maleness' to develop?
a. Testosterone
d. Prolactin
b. Estrogen
e. Prostaglandins
c. SRY
14. Crocodiles and Alligators have environmental sex determination. What factor directly controls
whether a crocodile or alligator will be male or female?
a. Environmental toxins (PCB)
d. Daylength
b. Temperature
e. Genes control sex
c. Social environment
15. Which of the following results in the production of offspring from unfertilized eggs?
a. Budding
d. Binary Fission
b. Parthenogenesis
e. Mitosis
c. Fragmentation
16. What do we call the situation where different cells in the body have different genotypes, but the cells
are derived from two different fertilized eggs that fused?
a. Chimera
d. Protandry
b. Mosaic
e. Diandry
c. Gynandromorph
17. During development, which germ (tissue) layer gives rise to the skin and central nervous system?
a. Endoderm
b. Ectoderm
c. Mesoderm
18. During development, which germ (tissue) layer gives rise to the skeleton, muscles, and reproductive
organs?
a. Endoderm
b. Ectoderm
c. Mesoderm
19. In mammals, the female egg is produced in the ________, but is fertilized in the _________.
a. Ovary, fallopian tube
d. Ovary, cervix
b. Fallopian tube, ovary
e. Ovary, seminal vesicle
c. Fallopian tube, vagina
20. The ___________ produces Fructose to feed the swimming sperm.
a. Prostate gland
d. Bulbourethral gland
b. Urethra
e. Testes
c. Seminal vesicles
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Name ________________________
Biol 1102 Exam 3
Questions 21- 40. Short Answer. Short is Sweet! Answer questions here in the exam booklet. Note: Some
questions have more than one part. Make sure you try to answer all parts. You can get partial credit for
these questions. You will lose credit for wrong answers so do not write extra information that you are
unsure about!
21. Two parts:
a. (1 pt.) Explain phenotypic plasticity.
The ability of an organism with a given genotype to change or modify its
phenotype in response to changes in the environment.
b. (1 pt.) Give three examples from class of a human phenotype that is plastic.
Musculature / Height - Weight/ Skin color
22. (2 points) Explain why you see sex-linked traits more often in human males than in females?
Because males have only one X-chromosome so there is no opportunity to hide
X-linked recessive traits.
23. Two parts:
a. (1 pt.) What enzyme unzips the DNA molecule prior to replication? Helicase
b. (1 pt.) What enzyme re-zips the DNA molecule after DNA replication? DNA polymerase
24. (2 pts.) Why do some bacteria make restriction enzymes?
Bacteria use restriction enzymes to kill invading viruses.
25. (4 pts) Based on our discussion in class, how are genes regulated? Draw the picture from class.
A regulatory protein binds to the promoter region of a gene. A positive regulatory protein
has a shape that allows RNA polymerase to bind to it and initiate Transcription. A negative
regulatory protein has a shape that does not allow RNA polymerase to bind to it and so prevents
Transcription from occurring.
26. (2 pts.) Using the complete definition given in class, what is a gene?
A gene is a piece of DNA that codes for a protein with a Start and a Stop codon
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Name ________________________
Biol 1102 Exam 3
27. (2 pts.) Explain what it means to say that a gene is expressed.
It means that the gene has gone through transcription and translation to make a protein
28. (2 pts.) What is the genetic basis of Down Syndrome?
An extra copy of chromosome 21 / Trisomy 21
29. (1 pts.) What does radiation do to Chromosomes?
Breaks chromosomes
30. (4 pts.) List the four processes that produce genetic variation among gametes.
a. Mutation
c. Recombination
b. Segregation of alleles
d. Independent Assortment
31. (2 pts.) What is a Cancer?
Uncontrolled mitosis (cell division)
32. (4 pts.) What are the four general treatment options or ways that people can fight cancer.
a. Immune System
c. Surgery to remove cancer
b. Radiation
d. Chemotherapy
33. (2 pts.) What is the difference between a Benign and a Malignant tumor?
A benign tumor does not spread, a malignant tumor does.
34. Two parts:
a. (1 pt.) What structure prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing an egg?
Fertilization membrane
b. (2 pts) Humans typically have one baby at a time. Why do some animals have multiple
offspring at a time?
A way to ensure that at least one offspring survives in a variable environment
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Name ________________________
Biol 1102 Exam 3
35. (2 pts.) What causes the cramps associated with the menstrual flow (period)?
Contractions of uterine muscles as they try to expel the unused endometrial tissues
36. Three parts:
a. (1 pt.) How are Fraternal Twins produced? Two different egg cells are fertilized at
the same time in the same female
b. (1 pt.) How are Identical Twins produced? A fertilized egg cell divides into two cells
and each one develops independently
c. (2 pts.) Briefly describe how Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is produced.
Mutation in the androgen receptors on target cells prevents cells from receiving
‘male’ signals.
37. (2 pts.) What are Stem Cells?
Cells that retain the ability to differentiate into almost any other kind of cell.
38. Two parts:
a. (1 pt.) What is the function of the Scrotum?
To help regulate the temperature of the testicles
b. (1 pt.) In general, what temperature is best for sperm production in humans?
Slightly below body temperature.
39. (3 pts.) How does the contraceptive "pill" work?
High levels of synthetic Estrogen or Progesterone ‘trick’ the body into ‘thinking’ it is
already pregnant, thus preventing ovulation. In order to keep the cycle moving, the pills
taken every 21-23 days contain no hormones.
40. (3 pts.) Describe the three functions of the Prostate gland that we discussed in class.
Produce alkaline fluid to reduce acidity in urethra and vagina, active sperm motility
Produce hormone Prostaglandins to help induce female orgasm
Produce two enzymes to form and later break a sperm/semen clo0t
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