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Seed Plants Quick Review What are two main groups of plants? Who lives in each group? Describe a bryophyte? What is the job of vascular tissue? What moves water up? What moves food down? Seed Plants Gymnosperms: seeds on the outside Angiosperms: seeds protected by fruit Characteristics of Seed Plants 1. Seed plants produce seeds 2. Seeds nourish and protect young sporophytes ** These allow them to live anywhere, which makes seed plants the most common plant on Earth ** (Baby plant) (food) The Structure of Seeds Seed = sperm + egg (fertilization) Seeds have three parts 1. Sporophyte (young plant; embryo) 2. Stored food (called a cotyledon) 3. Seed coat (protection) Advantages of Seeds Why are seeds an advantage over seedless plants? Seed is a food source to help them grow (seedless plant spores don’t have stored food) Seeds can be spread by animals, which is better than spores relying on the wind Gymnosperms No fruits or flowers Have seeds on the outside of a plant Usually protected by a cone 4 groups: Conifers Ginkgoes (only one species left) Cycads Gnetophytes (NEE toh fiets) Gymnosperms: Gymnosperm Life Cycle There are two types of cones: male & female Each cone has spores that become plant sex cells (gametophytes) Male cone has pollen, which contains sperm Female cone has eggs. A fertilized egg develops into a young plant (sporophyte) inside the female cone The sporophyte is surrounded by a seed and eventually released Angiosperms Vascular plants that produce flowers and fruits Most abundant plants today Can be found in almost every land ecosystem Angiosperm Reproduction Flowers and fruits attract animals Animals pollinate flowers or eat fruits and spread seeds Two Kinds of Angiosperms Monocots Vs. Dicots MONOCOTS DICOTS SEEDS One cotyledon Two cotyledons LEAVES Parallel veins Branched veins FLOWERS Floral parts in multiples of 3 Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5 STEMS Vascular bundles scattered Vascular bundles arranged in a ring ROOTS Fibrous roots Taproot Importance of Angiosperms Provide animals with food for survival People use major food crops (corn, wheat and rice) Building materials (oak trees) Clothing (cotton & flax) Medicine!
