Download Psych 101 Exam 2 Practice Exam In Pavlov`s original experiment

Psych 101 Exam 2 Practice Exam
1. In Pavlov’s original experiment with dogs, the tone was initially a (n)
___________ stimulus; after it was paired with meat, it became a (n) _________
stimulus
a. Conditioned; neutral
b. Neutral; conditioned
c. Conditioned; unconditioned
d. Unconditioned; conditioned
2. When a conditioned stimulus is presented without an accompanying
unconditioned stimulus, _________ will soon take place.
a. Generalization
b. Discrimination
c. Extinction
d. Aversion
3. In which of the following may classical conditioning play a role?
a. Emotional problems
b. The body’s immune response
c. Helping drug addicts
d. In all of the above
4. The highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by a _________
schedule
a. Fixed-ratio
b. Variable-ratio
c. Fixed-interval
d. Variable-interval
5. One difference between classical and operant conditioning is that
a.
In CC the response operate on the environment to produce rewarding
or punishing stimuli
b. In OC the responses are triggered by a preceding stimuli
c.
In CC the responses are automatically triggered by stimuli
d. In OC the responses are reflexive
6. Putting on your coat when it is cold outside is a behavior that is maintained
by
a.
Discrimination learning
b. Punishment
c.
Negative reinforcement
d. Classical conditioning
7. Operant conditioning is to _________ as classical conditioning is to _________
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pavlov; Watson
Skinner; Bandura
Pavlov; Skinner
Skinner; Pavlov
8. Learning by imitating others’ behaviors is called _______ learning. The
researcher best known for studying this type of learning is ___________.
a.
Secondary; Skinner
b. Observational; Bandura
c.
Secondary; Pavlov
d. Observational; Watson
9. Damage to ________ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to
comprehend language
a.
Any area of the brain
b. Boca’s area
c.
Wernicke’s area
d. Frontal lobe association areas
10. Which of the following BEST describes Chomsky’s view of language
development?
a.
Language is an entirely learned ability
b. Language is an innate ability
c.
Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language
d. There are no cultural influences on the development of language
11. Phonemes are the basic units of ______ in language
a.
Sound
b. Meaning
c.
Grammar
d. Semantics
12. Of the following, the best way to separate the effects of genes and
environment in research is to study
a.
Fraternal twins
b. Identical twins
c.
Adopted children and their adoptive parents
d. Identical twins raised in different environments
13. Temperament refers to a person’s characteristic
a.
Emotional reactivity and intensity
b. Attitudes
c.
Behaviors
d. Role-related traits
14. Genes direct our physical development by synthesizing
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hormones
Proteins
DNA
Chromosomes
15. Providing a child with a stimulating educational environment during early
childhood is likely to
a.
Ensure the formation of a strong attachment with parents
b. Foster the development of a calm, easygoing temperament
c.
Prevent neural connections from degenerating
d. Do all of these things
16. A child whose mother drank heavily when she was pregnant is at a
heightened risk of
a.
Being emotionally excitable during childhood
b. Chromosomal abnormalities
c.
Being born with the physical and cognitive abnormalities of fetal
alcohol syndrome
d. Addiction to a range of drugs throughout life
17. Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?
a.
Zygote, fetus, embryo
b. Zygote, embryo, fetus
c.
Embryo, zygote, fetus
d. Embryo, fetus, zygote
18. Piaget held that egocentrism is a characteristic of the
a.
Sensorimotor stage
b. Preoperational stage
c.
Concrete operational stage
d. Formal operational stage
19. Stranger anxiety develops soon after
a.
The concept of conservation
b. Egocentrism
c.
A theory of mind
d. The concept of object permanence
20. During which stage of cognitive development do children acquire object
permanence?
a.
Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c.
Concrete operational
d. Formal operational
21. The term “critical period” refers to
a.
b.
c.
d.
Prenatal development
The initial 2 hours after child’s birth
The preoperational stage
A restricted time for learning
22. According to Erikson, the central psychological challenges pertaining to
adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively are
a.
Identity formation; intimacy; generativity
b. Intimacy; identity formation; generativity
c.
Generativity; intimacy; identity formation
d. Intimacy; generativity; identity formation
23. In preconventional morality, the person
a.
Obeys out of a sense of societal duty
b. Conforms to gain social approval
c.
Obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
d. Follows the dictates of his or her conscience
24. Adolescence is marked by the onset of
a.
An identity crisis
b. Parent-child conflict
c.
The concrete operational phase
d. Puberty
25. Most researchers agree that
a.
Media violence is a factor in aggression
b. There is a negative correlation between media violence and
aggressiveness
c.
Paradoxically, watching excessive pornography ultimately diminishes
an individual’s aggressive tendencies
d. Media violence is too unreal to promote aggression in viewers
26. Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered
behaviors is NOT true?
a.
Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders
b. Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders
c.
Labels may create preconceptions that bias people’s perceptions
d. Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies
27. The psychodynamic perspective would most likely view phobias as
a.
Conditioned fears
b. Displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses
c.
Biological predispositions
d. Manifestations of self-defeating thoughts
28. In general, women are more vulnerable to than men to
a.
b.
c.
d.
External disorders, such as anxiety
Internal disorders, such as depression
External disorders, such as antisocial conduct
Internal disorders, such as alcohol use disorder
29. Which of the following is NOT true about depression?
a.
Depression is more common in women than in men
b.
Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor
or event
c.
With each new generation depression strikes earlier
d.
Most people recover from depression without professional therapy
a.
b.
c.
d.
30. Which of the following is NOT true regarding schizophrenia?
It occurs more frequently in people born in winter and spring months
It occurs less frequently as infectious disease rates have declined
It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas
It usually appears during adolescence or early adulthood