Download Punic Wars

WAR WITH CARTHAGE
THE PUNIC WAR
CAUSES
TRADE DISPUTE
■ DISPUTE IN SICILY
■
ACTUAL START
1. PIRATES ATTACK MESSINA WHICH
APPEALS TO ROME, CARTHAGE AND
SYRACUS.
2. BY THE TIME THE ROMAN ARMY ARRIVES
THE PIRATES HAVE WON AND ARE BEING
ATTACKED BY CARTHAGE
3. PIRATES ASK FOR ROMAN HELP WHO
DECIDE TO ASSIST BECAUSE THEY DON’T
WANT CARTHAGE TO CONTROL MESSINA
EARLY ADVANTAGES
CARTHAGE TOP NAVAL POWER
WITH ROME HAVING 0 SHIPS
■ ROME SUPERIOR ON LAND
■
NAVAL WAR
FIRST PUNIC WAR
264 B.C.E.-241 B.C.E
BATTLES
260BCE BATTLE MYLAE-ROMAN
VICTORY FIRST USE OF CORVUS
■ 256BCE BATTLE ECNOMUS, ROMAN
VICTORY WHICH ALLOWED THE
ROMAN ARMY TO LAND IN AFRICA
■ CARTHAGE SUED FOR PEACE BUT
ROMAN TERMS WERE TOO HARSH
■
BATTLES
255 BCE BATTLE OF TUNIS,
MERCENARY GENERAL XANTHIPPUS
DEFEATS THE ROMANS
■ 250BCE BATTLE PANORMUS A
ROMAN VICTORY
■ 249BCE BATTLE DREPANUM A
ROMAN DEFEAT
■ FINAL VICTORY BATTLE OF
AEGADIAN ISLES 241 BCE
■
PEACE TREATY
ROME RECEIVES SICILY
■ 3,200 TALENTS OF GOLD OVER 10
YEARS
■ STOP RECRUITING MERCENARIES IN
ITALY
■ AGREE NOT TO ATTACK EACH
OTHERS ALLIES
■ KEEP THEIR SHIPS OUT OF ITALIAN
WATER
■
BETWEEN THE WARS
MERCENARY WAR IN CARTHAGE
WON BY HAMLICAR BARCA
■ CARTHAGE TAKES OVER SPAIN
■ BARCA SONS; MAGO, HASDRUBAL,
AND HANNIBAL RAISED AND
DEDICATED TO ROME’S
DESTRUCTION
■ 226 BCE EBRO TREATY BETWEEN
ROME AND CARTHAGE.EBRO RIVER
IS THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN
ROMAN AND CARTHAGINIAN AREAS
■
SECOND PUNIC WAR
218 B.C.E-201 B.C.E
HANNIBAL’S ARMY
CELTIBERIANS
NUMIDIANS
MERCENARY
TROOPS
CAUSE:REVENGE
STARTED BY HANNIBAL CROSSING EBRO RIVER
HANNIBAL’S ARMY
■
■
■
■
50,000 MEN
9,000 CAVAKRY
37 WAR
ELEPHANTS
AFTER EARLY
BATTLES ARMY
REDUCED TO
26,000
PHASE 1
HANNIBAL’S ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
SUPERIOR GENERAL
■ SUPERIOR CAVALRY
■ BUT UNABLE TO RECEIVE
REINFORCEMENTS
■
ROME’S ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
VAST MANPOWER RESERVES
■ CONTROL OF THE SEA
■ CAN TAKE THE WAR TO SPAIN OR
AFRICA
■ WEAK GENERALS EARLY IN THE
WAR
■ WEAK CAVALRY
■
PHASE 2
BATTLE OF TREBIA
HANNIBAL ARMY 56,000 VS PUBLIUS
SCIPIO AND SEMPRONIUS 40,000
■ ROMANS DEFEATED RETREATING
WITH ONLY 10,000 TROOPS
■ ALL NORTHERN ITALY NOW IN
HANNIBAL’S HANDS
■
TREBIA TODAY
BATTLE LAKE TRASIMENE 217BCE
HANNIBAL 40,000 TROOPS
■ FLAMINIUS 36,000 TROOPS
■
■
FLAMINIUS LURED INTO A TRAP
AND AMBUSHED
FABIAN TACTICS
SENATE SELECTS QUINTAS FABIUS
AS DICTATOR
■ HE INSTITUTES FABIAN TACTICS
WHICH ARE HARASS HANNIBAL CUT
HIS SUPPLIES BUT DON’T FIGHT
HIM, WEAR HIM OUT
■
HANNIBAL’S COUNTER
PLAN
DICTATOR HAS TO BE RENEWED
EVERY 6 MONTHS
■ BEGAN ATTACKING THE ESTATES
OF THE MEMBERS OF THE SENATE
RUINING THEIR LAND AND WEALTH
■ FORCING THE SENATE TO BECOME
MORE AGRESSIVE
■
BATTLE OF CANNAE
216BCE
HANNIBAL 50,000 TROOPS
■ ROME 86,000
A. CONSUL AEMILIUS PAULUS
B. CONSUL TERENTIUS VARRO
■
AFTERMATH
HANNIBAL’S LOSSES 5,700
■ ROME 70,000 KILLED
A. PAULUS KILLED
B. 25 MAJOR OFFICIERS
C. 80 SENATORS(28%)
■ CITY OF ROME DEFENSELESS
■
HANNIBAL’S FATAL ERROR
DID NOT ATTACK ROME
■ WANTED TO HAVE ALL HER ALLIES
DESERT ROME AND THEN FINISH
ROME OFF LATER
■ FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH
MACEDONIA
■
ROME’S RESPONSE
BACK TO FABIAN TACTICS
■ ATTACK ANY ALLY THAT SWITCHED
SIDES AS AN EXAMPLE TO OTHERS
■ MOVE THE WAR TO SPAIN
■
PHASE 3
PHASE 4
BATTLE METAURUS RIVER
207BCE
■
■
HASDRUBAL WITH
A. 14,000 SPANISH VETERANS
B. 8,000 LIGURIANS
C. 10,000 GAULS
D. 1,000 NUMIDIANS
E. 10 ELEPHANTS
ROME GAIUS NERO & MARCUS LIVIUS
40,000 INFANTRY 2,500 CAVALRY
ROMAN
VICTORY
ROME ON THE ATTACK
ROME LANDS AN ARMY IN NORTH
AFRICA
■ CARTHAGE ORDERS HANNIBAL
HOME
■ ROME ALLOWS HANNIBAL TO
LEAVE
■ ROME BUYS OFF HANNIBAL’S
AFRICAN ALLIES
■
BATTLE OF ZAMA 202BCE
HANNIBAL 24,000 VETERANS, 4,000
CAVALRY,10,000 LIGURIANS, 10,000
CITIZENS OF CARTHAGE, 80
ELEPHANTS
■ ROME P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO 36,000
INFANTRY AND 8,000 CAVALRY
■
P.C. SCIPIO
HANNIBAL
AFTERMATH ZAMA
HANNIBAL DEFEATED BUT
ALLOWED TO ESCAPE BY SCIPIO
■ CARTHAGE SUES FOR PEACE
■ HANNIBAL SPENDS THE REST OF
HIS LIFE FIGHTING ROME UNTIL HE
COMMITS SUICIDE IN 182 BCE TO
KEEP FROM BEING
CAPTURED(64YEARS OLD
■
TREATY
■
■
■
■
■
CARTHAGE LOSES ALL TERRITORY
OUTSIDE OF AFRICA
NUMIDIA INDEPENDENT AND AN ALLY OF
ROME
CARTHAGE NAVY REDUCED TO 10 SHIPS
10,000 TALENT INDEMNITY TO BE PAID IN
50 YEARS
CARTHAGE CANNOT MAKE WAR WITHOUT
ROME’S PERMISSION
THIRD PUNIC WAR
149 B.C.E.-146 B.C.E
149-146 BCE END OF
CARTHAGE
CARTHAGE ATTACKED NUMIDIA IN
SELF DEFENSE
■ ROME DECLARES WAR
■ THREE YEARS OF FIGHTING AND
CARTHAGE IS WIPED OUT
■ NO TREATY FOR THIS WAR
■
CONSEQUENCES OF THE
PUNIC WARS ON ROME
■
■
■
■
■
ITALY DEVASTATED
SMALL FARMERS WIPED OUT
LARGE FARMS, LATFUNDIA COME IN
CONSTANT WAR NOW THAT ROME IS SO
LARGE AND THREATENS NEIGHBORS
GOVERNMENT NOT DESIGNED FOR
CONTROL OF AN EMPIRE