Download Name Date Anatomy and Physiology II Heart Dissection Lab

Name
Date
Anatomy and Physiology II
Heart Dissection Lab
Objectives:
1. Describe and identify the gross anatomy of the heart.
2. Trace the pattern of blood flow through the heart chambers, valves and major vessels leading
directly to and from the heart.
Materials:
Pig or sheep hearts
Dissecting Equipment
Tray
Gloves
Apron
Goggles
Paper clips
Paper
Part I:
Most mammalian hearts are based on the same plan, so although you have a pig heart, it is still a
good representation of an actual human heart. Should your heart have an intact pericardium,
carefully remove it before trying to identify the major external heart structures. Before you
begin cutting the epicardium, be sure to document the anatomy with pictures. Please take
several pictures with your (or someone else’s) cell phone, email them to yourself, and label the
following structures (using Powerpoint or another program that allows labeling). These printouts
should be included NEATLY in the lab report by taping them to the space provided below.
Please make sure that you can clearly see and identify AND LABEL the following
structures in the pictures that you take.
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Aorta
Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Cardiac Vein
Coronary Artery
Right Coronary (marginal) Artery
Coronary Sinus
Circumflex Artery
Coronary Sinus
After labeling the external features of the heart, you can begin exploring the internal anatomy of
the heart. To do this:
1. Make a deep incision along the right side of the heart from the apex to the lateral right atrium.
2. Make another incision from the lateral side of the left atrium to the left ventricle and down to
the apex, completing the circumcision. You may have to cut through the underlying tissue, and
please complete these steps carefully and SLOWLY. DO NOT CUT TOWARDS YOUR HAND OR
FINGERS!
3. You should now be able to open the heart to view the internal structures.
4. To identify major blood vessels, a probe or your finger can be used to explore the pathway from
the relevant chamber to the vessel to be identified.
5. Follow the same instructions as above (take pictures and label them) for the features listed
below.
Right and left atria
Right and left ventricles
Atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid)
Interventricular septum
Superior vena cava (opening into atrium)
Inferior vena cava (opening into atrium)
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
Pulmonary trunk (artery)
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Pictures (External Anatomy)
Pictures (Internal Anatomy)
Part II: Blood Flow
Trace the blood flow through the heart
Vena cavae/cardiac
sinus
Pulmonary
Vein
Heart Dissection
_________
valve
_________
valve
Questions
Label the diagram of the human heart below.
_________
valve
Pulmonary
Circuit
(Lungs)
_________
valve
Systemic
Circuit
(Body)
1___________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
6. __________________________________
7. __________________________________
8. __________________________________
9. __________________________________
10. _________________________________
11. _________________________________
12. _________________________________
13. _________________________________
14. _________________________________
15. _________________________________
Analysis Questions
1. How could you tell which side of the heart is the ventral surface (the surface closer to your chest)?
2. How many chambers are found in the mammalian (pig) heart? List these chambers.
3. Which chambers pump blood out of the heart?
4. Which chambers receive blood coming into the heart?
5. Describe the action of the tricuspid valve when the ventricle is full.
6. Compare the structure of the tricuspid valve with that of the pulmonary valve.
7. How do the walls (myocardium) of the atria compare with the walls of the ventricles and why are
they different?
8. What is the purpose of heart valves?
9. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called __________, while __________ carry
blood toward the heart.
10. Which artery is the largest and why?
11. The Left Pulmonary Artery can also be called your Left Coronary Artery. What would happen if
this was blocked by a blood clot?
13. Using words and Arrows: Trace blood flow through the major blood vessels and heart, starting
with deoxygenated blood returned from the body.