Download Big bang galaxies stars Name: Date: 1. The diagram below

Big bang galaxies stars
Name:
1.
Date:
The diagram below represents a side view of the
Milky Way Galaxy.
3.
With respect to one another, galaxies have been
found to be
A.
moving closer together
B.
moving farther apart
C.
moving in random directions
D. stationary
At approximately which position is Earth's solar
system located?
A.
A
B.
B
C.
C
D. D
4.
2.
The accumulation of water vapor, carbon
dioxide, and nitrogen in Earth's early atmosphere
approximately 4 billion years ago resulted mainly
from
A.
outgassing from Earth's interior
B.
radioactive decay
C.
photosynthesis by the earliest land plants
In a Doppler red shift, the observed wavelengths
of light from distant celestial objects appear closer
to the red end of the spectrum than light from
similar nearby celestial objects. The explanation
for the red shift is that the universe is presently
A.
contracting, only
B.
expanding, only
C.
remaining constant in size
D. alternating between contracting and expanding
D. convection currents in Earth's outer core
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5.
The accompanying diagram illustrates three stages
of a current theory of the formation of the
universe.
7.
Which statement best illustrates a classi cation
system?
A.
A glacier melts at the rate of one meter per
year.
B.
Ocean depths are measured by using sonar.
C.
Snowfall predictions for winter storms vary.
D. Stars are grouped according to their color.
A major piece of scienti c evidence supporting
this theory is the fact that wavelengths of light
from galaxies moving away from Earth in stage 3
are observed to be
A.
shorter than normal (a red shift)
B.
shorter than normal (a blue shift)
C.
longer than normal (a red shift)
8.
D. longer than normal (a blue shift)
9.
6.
Which object forms by the contraction of a large
sphere of gases causing the nuclear fusion of
lighter elements into heavier elements?
A.
comet
B.
planet
C.
star
D. moon
Which star color indicates the hottest star surface
temperature?
A.
blue
B.
white
C.
yellow
D. red
The Sun's position in space is best described as
the approximate center of
A.
a constellation
B.
the universe
C.
the Milky Way galaxy
D. our solar system
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Big bang galaxies stars
10.
According to the Big Bang theory, which graph
best represents the relationship between time and
the size of the universe from the beginning of the
universe to the present?
11.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below, which shows two possible
sequences in the life cycle of stars, beginning with
their formation from nebular gas clouds in space.
A.
B.
According to the diagram, a star like Earth's Sun
will eventually
C.
D.
A.
explode in a supernova
B.
become a black hole
C.
change into a white dwarf
D. become a neutron star
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Big bang galaxies stars
12.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the graph below, which shows changes in the
Sun's magnetic activity and changes in the number
of sunspots over a period of approximately
100 years. Sunspots are dark, cooler areas within
the Sun's photosphere that can be seen from Earth.
14.
The graph indicates that years having the greatest
number of sunspots occur
A.
randomly and unpredictably
B.
precisely at the beginning of each decade
C.
in a cyclic pattern, repeating approximately
every 6 years
List the following astronomical features, in order
of relative size, from smallest to largest.
Sun
Jupiter
Milky Way Galaxy
Universe
Our solar system
D. in a cyclic pattern, repeating approximately
every 11 years
13.
A blue shift of the light from a star indicates that
the star
A.
will soon become a main sequence star
B.
will soon become a giant star
C.
is moving closer to Earth
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
Earth science. The diagram represents the present
position of our solar system in a side view of the
Milky Way Galaxy. The distance across the Milky
Way Galaxy is measured in light-years.
15.
What is the inferred age of our solar system, in
millions of years?
A.
544
B.
1300
C.
4600
D. 10,000
D. is moving away from Earth
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Big bang galaxies stars
16.
Most scientists believe the Milky Way Galaxy is
A.
spherical in shape
B.
4.6 billion years old
C.
19.
Which information best supports the inference that
the universe began with an explosion?
A.
measurements of rates of decay using
carbon-14
composed of stars revolving around Earth
B.
measurements of cosmic background radiation
D. one of billions of galaxies in the universe
C.
calculations of the distance from the Sun to
each asteroid in the asteroid belt
D. calculations of the temperature and luminosity
of stars
17.
Compared to Earth's solar system, the universe is
inferred to be
A.
younger and larger
B.
younger and smaller
C.
older and larger
20.
The accompanying graph represents the brightness
and temperature of stars visible from Earth.
D. older and smaller
18.
The theory that the universe is expanding is
supported by the
A.
blue shift of light from distant galaxies
B.
red shift of light from distant galaxies
C.
nuclear fusion occurring in the Sun
Which location on the graph best represents a star
with average brightness and temperature?
A.
A
B.
B
C.
C
D. D
D. radioactive decay occurring in the Sun
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Big bang galaxies stars
21.
The Milky Way galaxy is best described as
A.
a type of solar system
B.
a constellation visible to everyone on Earth
C.
a region in space between the orbits of Mars
and Jupiter
23.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the passage below and on your knowledge of
Earth science.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble's discovery
of a pattern in the red shift of light from
galaxies moving away from Earth led to
the theory of an expanding universe. This
expansion implies that the universe was
smaller, denser, and hotter in the past. In the
1940s, scientists predicted that heat (identi ed
as cosmic microwave background radiation)
left over from the Big Bang would ll the
universe. In the 1960s, satellite probes
found that cosmic microwave background
radiation lls the universe uniformly in every
direction, and indicated a temperature of
about 3 kelvins (K). This radiation has been
cooling as the universe has been expanding.
D. a spiral-shaped formation composed of billions
of stars
Scientists infer that the universe began
approximately
22.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the calendar model shown below of the inferred
history of the universe and on your knowledge of
Earth science. The 12-month time line begins
with the Big Bang on January 1 and continues to
the present time, which is represented by midnight
on December 31. Several inferred events and the
relative times of their occurrence have been placed
in the appropriate locations on the time line.
A.
1.0 billion years ago
B.
3.3 billion years ago
C.
8.2 billion years ago
D. 13.7 billion years ago
24.
State one piece of evidence used by scientists
to support the theory that the Big Bang event
occurred.
Which event occurred approximately 4.6 billion
years ago?
A.
evolution of the earliest sh
B.
evolution of stromatolites
C.
formation of the oldest known Earth rocks
D. formation of Earth and our solar system
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Big bang galaxies stars
25.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below, which shows two possible
sequences in the life cycle of stars, beginning with
their formation from nebular gas clouds in space.
27.
Which conclusion can be made by comparing the
standard spectrum to the spectrum produced from
this distant star?
According to the diagram, the life-cycle path
followed by a star is determined by the star's
initial
A.
mass and size
B.
temperature and origin
C.
luminosity and color
The diagram below shows a standard spectrum
compared to a spectrum produced from a distant
star.
D. luminosity and structure
A.
The star's spectral lines have shifted toward
the ultraviolet end of the spectrum and the
star is moving toward Earth.
B.
The star's spectral lines have shifted toward
the ultraviolet end of the spectrum and the
star is moving away from Earth.
C.
The star's spectral lines have shifted toward
the infrared end of the spectrum and the star
is moving toward Earth.
D. The star's spectral lines have shifted toward
the infrared end of the spectrum and the star
is moving away from Earth.
26.
Stars like Earth's Sun most likely formed directly
from a
A.
nebula
B.
C.
red giant
D. black dwarf
28.
supernova
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Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation
are given o by stars using energy released during
A.
nuclear fusion
B.
conduction
C.
convection
D. radioactive decay
Big bang galaxies stars
29.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the owchart below and on your knowledge of
Earth science. The owchart shows the evolution
of stars.
30.
In the accompanying diagram, the spectral lines
of hydrogen gas from three galaxies, A, B, and C,
are compared to the spectral lines of hydrogen gas
observed in a laboratory.
Identify the force responsible for the contraction
of a nebula (a gas cloud of molecules) to form a
protostar.
What is the best inference that can be made
concerning the movement of galaxies A, B, and C?
A.
Galaxy A is moving away from Earth, but
galaxies B and C are moving toward Earth.
B.
Galaxy B is moving away from Earth, but
galaxies A and C are moving toward Earth.
C.
Galaxies A, B, and C are all moving toward
Earth.
D. Galaxies A, B, and C are all moving away
from Earth.
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Big bang galaxies stars