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Igneous Rock The word igneous comes from the Latin word for “_________”. Magma cools into different types of igneous rock depending on the ______________ of the magma and how long it takes the magma to solidify. Magma “freezes” or solidifies between ______°C and _________°C. Three ways magma can form: o _______________ in temperature o _______________ in pressure o _______________ in composition Types of igneous rock based on composition: • _________ – ________ in color less dense contain silicon, aluminum, sodium and potassium • _________ – ________ in color denser than felsic rocks contain iron, magnesium, and calcium Types of igneous rock based on texture: • Fine-grained – Lava that has cooled very ______________ producing small crystals • Coarse-grained – Magma that has cooled slowly producing ____________ crystals ∗ The longer it takes for magma or lava to __________, the more time mineral crystals have to grow and the ________________ the texture of the resulting igneous rock. Intrusive igneous rock (Plutonic) – The type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies _________ the Earth’s surface. - Usually has a ____________________ texture because it is insulated by the surrounding rock and cools slowly. Types of Intrusive Igneous Bodies Extrusive igneous rock (Volcanic) – The type of igneous rock that forms when lava cools and solidifies on the Earth’s surface. - Usually has a ____________________ texture because it cools quickly. When lava erupts from a volcano or comes out of long cracks in the Earth’s surface (called _____________) a formation called a ________________ is made. When a large amount of lava flows out of a fissure covering a large area, a plain called a ________________________ is formed.