Download MODULE 5: The Rules of Language

MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Target language and vocabulary
Task 1: Parts of speech
Complete the table with the appropriate parts of speech. As words can have
many meanings, choose the parts of speech with meanings that match the
module topic The Rules of Language. The shaded boxes don’t require a word.
NOUN
VERB
Submit
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
Grammatically
Presently
Present
Pronounceable
Mean
Phrasal
Punctuation
Expression;
expressiveness
Punctuate
Expressively
Evaluative
Refer
Discursive
Demonstrate
Editor; editorial
Abbreviate
Combine
Task 2: Synonyms—using a thesaurus
Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for these words.
VOCABULARY
Auxiliary
Issue
Vocabulary
Synonym
Verb
Method
Error
Noun
Presentation
Phrase
Express
SYNONYMS
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
Antonym
Evaluate
Explain
Refer
Demonstrate
Rules
Language
Balanced
Combine
Task 3: Use of vocabulary
Choose a word from the box to complete the sentences correctly. Remember to
change the form of the word if necessary.
combine, demonstrate, submit, auxiliary, edit, method, synonym, antonym,
issue, discuss, reference, pronounce, evaluate, error, express, vocabulary,
verb, language, abbreviate, explain
1. There is more than one _____________________________ of ‘advertisement’.
2. ‘Small’ and ‘little’ are _______________________________.
3. Recent research ________________________ that eating too much sugar is bad
for your health.
4. There is a list of ___________________________ at the end of the essay.
5. Students love playing the ‘spot the ________________’ game in class.
6. Checking and correcting mistakes and making improvements as you write
is know as the _____________________ process.
7. The classes were ___________________ because one of the teachers was not
well.
8. We are studying English ________________________ for academic use.
9. ‘Irrelevant’ is an ______________________ of ‘relevant’.
10. ‘To study’, ‘to relax’ and ‘to eat’ are examples of _________________.
11. The verbs ‘to be’, ‘to do’ and ‘to have’ can be used as _________________ verbs.
12. _____________________________ should not be used in academic writing.
13. The _____________________ essay presents a balanced discussion on a given
topic.
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
14. She _______________________ her assignment in late.
15. The department is ___________________________ the results of the survey.
16. The essay discussed the ______________________ of global warming.
17. She is a popular teacher because she _____________________ grammar clearly.
18. Her unusual study _________________________ is quite successful.
19. The native __________________________ of Iceland is Icelandic.
20. The student was able to __________________ her ideas very clearly in her
writing.
Writing
Error correction
Find and correct the 10 errors in the following text.
Some of classmates think that grammar is only important when writing. I not
agree with them. Spoken English is less strict on some grammar points than
written English but I think grammars is important when speaking English too. If
you don’t use accurate grammar, people won’t misunderstand you. Without
grammar rules, your language is just a list of key word and anybody can
understand what you really want say if you just list words. You mustn’t be
perfect. Nobody perfect!
ERROR
Some of classmates
I not agree
writen
grammars
won’t
a list of key word
anybody
Want say
You mustn’t be perfect
Nobody perfect
CORRECTION
Rewrite the corrected text here.
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A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Reading and comprehension
Improve your grammar
In higher education, good grammar in written work, and in oral presentation, is
very important. Grammar mistakes can cause confusion and create a bad
impression of your language abilities. International students often worry about
their use of grammar, especially in written assignments. Here are some useful
and practical ideas to help improve your grammar.
Quite simply, you should practise speaking, listening, reading and writing. You
need all these skills to be successful in English, just as you use all these skills in
your own language.
Notice grammatical structures as you listen to others talking and while you are
reading. This will help you when you speak and write. You can see many natural
and accurate ways of expressing ideas in books and you will start to
automatically use them in your speech and in your writing.
Understand your most common grammatical errors and learn how to correct
them. An example of a very common mistake in writing is omitting articles
before nouns. The articles we use in English are ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’. Students find
that using them accurately can be challenging, so often just leave them out. A
good grammar reference book can help you understand the rules to article usage.
There are also many excellent practice exercises online that can reinforce the
rules.
In spoken English, it is more difficult to notice your grammatical mistakes. The
use of tense seems to cause the most problem for international students. Some
students only use the present tense when they speak. This can be very confusing
for a native speaker. We have present, past and future tenses in English, which
help us to express time and sequence our ideas. Listen to native speakers and
pay attention to when and how they use tenses. Practice speaking with friends
and ask them to help you notice and correct your grammatical errors.
Every student needs to check their use of grammar, even native speakers.
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
There are thousands of listening and reading resources online in English you can
use to help improve your grammar. Do a little work on your grammar every day.
Apply what you learn to your writing and speaking, and don’t give up!
Task 1
Read the text and decide whether these statements about the text are TRUE,
FALSE or NOT GIVEN. Find information in the text to explain your choice and
write the reason below.
1. International students are concerned about their use of grammar.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Native speakers never worry about grammar.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Accurate use of grammar is only important for written assignments.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Identifying grammatical patterns in texts and when people speak is necessary
to improve your grammar.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Your written grammatical errors won’t be the same as your spoken
grammatical errors.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Native speakers don’t make mistakes with grammar.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
7. It is easier to notice your own spoken errors than your written ones.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
8. Native speakers can get confused when international students don’t use tenses
accurately.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
9. All students should check their use of grammar.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Students should spend at least one hour a day online improving their
grammar.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
ANSWERS
Target language and vocabulary
Task 1: Parts of speech
The table below contains 15 words from Task 1 and MODULE 5. Complete the
table with the appropriate parts of speech.
NOUN
Submission
Grammar
Presentation
Pronunciation
Meaning
Phrase
Punctuation
Expression;
expressiveness
Evaluation
Reference
Discussion
Demonstration
Editor; editorial
Abbreviation
Combination
VERB
Submit
Present
Pronounce
Mean
Phrase
Punctuate
Express
Evaluate
Refer
Discuss
Demonstrate
Edit
Abbreviate
Combine
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
Grammatical
Grammatically
Presently
Pronounceable
Phrasal
Expressive
Expressively
Evaluative
Discursive
Editorial
Abbreviated
Combined
Task 2: Synonyms—using a thesaurus
Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for these words.
VOCABULARY
Auxiliary
Issue
Vocabulary
Synonym
Verb
Method
Error
Noun
Presentation
Phrase
Express
Antonym
Evaluate
SYNONYMS
Supporting; helping
Topic; problem
Words; terminology
Similar word.
Action word
Way; process; procedure
Mistake; inaccuracy
Naming word
Appearance; format
Group of words
Say; speak; say clearly
Opposite meaning word
Assess; judge
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
Explain
Refer
Demonstrate
Rules
Language
Balanced
Combine
Clarify; give reasons for
Mention
Show; indicate; prove
Guidelines; laws; principles
Words for communication
Fair
Connect; join together; integrate
Task 3: Use of vocabulary
1. There is more than one pronunciation of ‘advertisement’.
2. ‘Small’ and ‘little’ are synonyms.
3. Recent research demonstrates that eating too much sugar is bad for your
health.
4. There is a list of references at the end of the essay.
5. Students love playing the ‘spot the error’ game in class.
6. Checking and correcting mistakes and making improvements as you write
is known as the editing process.
7. The classes were combined because one of the teachers was not well.
8. We are studying English vocabulary for academic use.
9. ‘Irrelevant’ is an antonym of ‘relevant’.
10. ‘To study’, ‘to relax’ and ‘to eat’ are examples of verbs.
11. The verbs ‘to be’, ‘to do’ and ‘to have’ can be used as auxiliary verbs.
12. Abbreviations should not be used in academic writing.
13. The discursive essay presents a balanced discussion on a given topic.
14. She submitted her assignment in late.
15. The department is evaluating the results of the survey.
16. The essay discussed the issue of global warming.
17. She is a popular teacher because she explains grammar clearly.
18. Her unusual study method is quite successful.
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
19. The native language of Iceland is Icelandic.
20. The student was able to express her ideas very clearly in her writing.
Writing
Error correction
Find and correct the 10 errors in the following text.
Some of my classmates think that grammar is only important when writing. I not
(I don’t) agree with them. Spoken English is less strict on some grammar points
than writen (written) English but I think grammars (grammar) is important
when speaking English too. If you don’t use accurate grammar, people won’t
(will) misunderstand you. Without grammar rules, your language is just a list of
key word (words) and anybody (nobody) can understand what you really want
to say if you just list words. You mustn’t be (you don’t have to be) perfect.
Nobody is perfect!
ERROR
Some of classmates
I not agree
writen
grammars
won’t
A list of key word
anybody
want say
You mustn’t be perfect
Nobody perfect
CORRECTION
Some of my classmates
I don’t agree
written
grammar
people will misunderstand
A list of key words
nobody
want to say
You don’t have to be perfect
Nobody is perfect
Reading and comprehension
Task 1
1. International students are concerned about their use of grammar.
TRUE—international students often worry about their use of grammar,
especially in written assignments.
2. Native speakers never worry about grammar.
NOT GIVEN
3. Accurate use of grammar is only important for written assignments.
FALSE—good grammar in written work and in oral presentation is very
important.
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014
4. Identifying grammatical patterns in texts and when people speak is
necessary to improve your grammar.
TRUE. Notice grammatical structures as you listen to others talking and
while you are reading. This will help you when you speak and write. You
can see many natural and accurate ways of expressing ideas in books and
you will start to automatically use them in your speech and in your
writing.
5. Your written grammatical errors won’t be the same as your spoken
grammatical errors.
NOT GIVEN.
6. Native speakers don’t make mistakes with grammar.
NOT GIVEN.
7. It is easier to notice your own spoken errors than your written ones.
FALSE—in spoken English, it is more difficult to notice your grammatical
mistakes.
8. Native speakers can get confused when international students don’t use
tenses accurately.
TRUE—some students only use present tense when they speak. This can
be very confusing for a native speaker. We have present, past and future
tenses in English, which help us to express time and sequence our ideas.
9. All students should check their use of grammar.
TRUE—every student needs to check their use of grammar, even native
speakers.
10. Students should spend at least one hour a day on-line improving your
grammar.
NOT GIVEN—the text doesn’t say exactly how long students should spend
online or on improving their grammar. The text mentions doing some
work everyday.
For more detailed comprehension of these activities, MODULE 5 can also be
completed alongside both the Key to EAP Student Book: Foundation Level and the
Key to EAP Student Workbook: Foundation Level.
Click here for more information on the Key to EAP series:
http://www.oup.com.au/elt/skills2/key_to_eap.
A Complete English for Academic Purposes Program. MODULE 5: The Rules of Language
Learning resources created by Peter Mooney-Smith and Clare Goss
© Oxford University Press 2014