Download Biology Final Review Sheet

BIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW SHEET
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Use all your old tests & notes to study. The final will cover information from the following chapters: 6 -­‐ 14 Question types: multiple choice, matching, fill-­‐in, short answer, & 4 short answer that require each answer to be approximately a paragraph in length. MULTIPLE CHOICE / MATCHING/ Fill-­‐In Chapters 6: Cell Energy: Photosynthesis & Respiration Ø
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What is the ultimate source of energy on Earth? What is photosynthesis? In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? What is an organism that is able to produce its own food called? Why do leaves of a plant appear green? What is the chemical formula for glucose? What is the Calvin Cycle? What is glycolysis? Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? What is cellular respiration? In what organelle does cellular respiration occur? What is the Krebs Cycle? The Krebs cycle uses _____ made during glycolysis. In which step of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced? Chapters 7: DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis Ø
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DNA & RNA are considered to be what type of organic molecule? What are the 3 components of a nucleotide (the monomer unit of a nucleic acid)? Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells? Watson & Crick described the DNA molecule as having what shape? What is transcription? The coded information in a DNA molecule directly determines the formation of polypeptides (amino acid chains). What is translation? What is a codon? What is an anti-­‐codon? In what organelle are proteins made? Be able to complete a complimentary strand of DNA from an existing strand, transcribe it onto an mRNA strand, translate the mRNA codons, use a codon table to find the amino acids that correspond to the mRNA codons, & write the correct anticodon. Chapter 8 & 9: Cell Cycle, Cell Growth & Division, Mitosis, & Meiosis Ø
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The cell spends most of its time in what part of the cell cycle? What is a chromosome? What is cancer? What is mitosis? What is cytokinesis? Be able to match the phases of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis stages, & cytokinesis) with the correct illustration & description. What is meiosis? During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur? What are haploid cells? What are diploid cells? How many chromosomes are in human haploid cells? How many chromosomes are in human diploid cells? What are gametes? Course: CP Biology
Review for Biology Final, Page 1 of 2
Chapters 9-­‐12: Genetics Ø
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What is heredity? What is the branch of biology that studies heredity? What are alleles? Know what the terms homozygous, heterozygous, purebred, & hybrid mean. What does a Punnett Square show? What is a genotype? What is a phenotype? What are autosomal chromosomes? Females have the sex chromosomes XX; Males have the sex chromosomes XY. Who tends to express sex-­‐linked traits? What is a mutation? Be able to complete & answer questions on Punnett Squares including ones that show incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-­‐linked traits. Be able to complete & answer questions on a pedigree. What does transgenic mean? What is the difference between inbreeding & hybridization? What is artificial selection? What is biotechnology? Chapter 13 &14: Evolution Ø
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What is evolution? What percentage of all species that lived on Earth is estimated to be extinct? What is fitness? What is adaptation? According to Darwin’s principle of common descent, species have descended from a common ancestor. What are fossils? Know that most fossils are found in sedimentary rock. What are homologous structures? Be able to identify an example of homologous structures. What is a vestigial organ? Be able to identify an example of this. Know that natural selection is also known as survival of the fittest. Kettlewell’s study of peppered moths provides an example of Darwin’s principle of survival of the fittest. What is a niche? A new species will have a good chance of surviving if it occupies an empty niche. What is speciation? The evolution of Darwin’s finches is an example of speciation. What is genetic drift? Be able to identify an example of this. What is a species? SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (ANSWERS SHOULD BE 4 – 6 SENTENCES EACH) Ø Compare & Contrast cellular respiration & fermentation (similarities & differences). Include which is an aerobic & which is an anaerobic process & which produces more ATP? Ø What are three differences between DNA & RNA? Ø Compare & contrast mitosis & meiosis (similarities & at least 3 differences). Ø Why did the frequency of light colored moths decrease and that of the dark colored moths increase with the advent of the industrial revolution? Course: CP Biology
Review for Biology Final, Page 2 of 2