Download CHAPTER 5 THE ROMANS

WORLD HISTORY
CHAPTER 5
THE ROMANS
BOARD QUESTIONS
WHY WERE THE GRACCHUS BROTHERS
KILLED?
WHO WAS MARIUS?
WHY IS SULLA IMPORTANT?
WHO WAS IN THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE?
WHO WAS IN THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE?
TERMS AND PEOPLE
TO KNOW
• LATINS
• ETRUSCANS
• LIVY
• HANNIBAL
• ROME
• SICILY
TERMS AND PEOPLE
TO KNOW
• CARTHAGE
• ALPS
• REPUBLIC
• PATRICIAN
• PLEBEIAN
• CONSUL
• PRAETOR
ROMAN REPUBLIC
• THE AREA KNOWN AS ITALY WAS
RULED BY 7 KINGS IN THE BEGINNING
• A GROUP WHO CALLED THEMSELVES
ROMANS CONQUERED THE AREA AND
TURNED IT INTO A ROMAN REPUBLIC.
• MEANING THAT NOT A MONARCH
BUT CERTAIN CITIZENS RAN THE
GOVERNMENT.
ROMAN REPUBLIC
• ROME WAS SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE IT
ALLOWED THE CONQUERED PEOPLE
TO KEEP THEIR BELIEFS.
• IT ENCOURAGED A SENCE OF DUTY,
COURAGE AND DISCIPLINE.
• THEY WERE VERY DIPLOMATIC .
ALLOWING CONQUERED STATES TO
RUN THEIR OWN AFFAIRS.
ROMAN REPUBLIC
• THE ROMANS ALSO EXCELLED A
MILITARY MATTERS.
• THEY FOUGHT WITH A LOT OF HEART
AND DISCIPLINE.
• THEY WERE BRILLIANT STRATEGISTS.
• THEY BUILT ROADS TO UNIFY THEIR
LANDS TO INCREASE TRADE AND
TROOP MOBILITY.
ROMAN
GOVERNMENT
• PATRICIANS - WERE LARGE
LANDOWNERS WHO BECAME ROMES
RULING CLASS. THEY WERE THE MOST
WEALTHY.
• PLEBEIANS - WERE CRAFTSPEOPLE,
MERCHANTS, AND SMALL FARM
OWNERS WHO MADE UP A LARGE
GROUP OF CITIZENS.
• THESE TWO GROUPS MADE UP THE
CITIZENS OF ROME.
ROMAN
GOVERNMENT
• CONSULS - TWO CITIZENS WERE
CHOSEN EVERY YEAR TO RUN THE
GOVERNMENT AND LEAD THE ROMAN
ARMY INTO BATTLE.
• PRAETORS - WERE ADDED AS A JUDGE
TO HEAR CASES WERE NON CITIZENS
WERE INVOLVED.
ROMAN
GOVERNMENT
• TWELVE TABLES - THE FIRST ROMAN
CODE OF LAWS. WHICH WAS POSTED
IN THE CENTER OF TOWN FOR
EVERYONE TO SEE.
• LAW OF NATIONS - STANDARD OF
LAW DEVISED BY REASONING TO
WOULD APPLY TO ALL PEOPLE LIVING
UNDER ROMAN RULE.
THE FIRST PUNIC
WAR
• 264 B.C.E - ROME VS. CARTHAGE
• ROME SENT AN ARMY TO SICILY AND
THE CARTHAGINIANS BELIEVED SICILY
WAS PART OF THEIR EMPIRE.
• THE ROMANS WERE STRONG ON
LAND BUT HAD A WEAK NAVY. IN
ORDER TO BEAT CARTHAGE THEY HAD
TO BUILD A LARGE NAVY. WHICH
TOOK MANY YEARS.
THE FIRST PUNIC
WAR
• 241 B.C.E - AFTER A LONG STRUGGLE
THE CARTHAGINIANS SURRENDER
SICILY AND PAY A FINE TO ROME.
• SICILY BECOMES THE FIRST PROVINCE
OF ROME.
2ND PUNIC WAR
• CARTHAGE VOWED REVENGE AND
BEGAN TO ADD NEW LANDS IN SPAIN.
• THE ROMANS ENCOURAGED ONE OF
CARTHAGE’S SPANISH ALLIES TO
REVOLT AGAINST CARTHAGE.
• HANNIBAL THE GREATEST
CARTHAGINIAN GENERAL STRUCK
BACK BEGINNING THE 2ND WAR.
2ND PUNIC WAR
• HANNIBAL MOVED HIS 46,OOO
SOLDIERS EAST FROM SPAIN THROUGH
THE ALPS TO ROME. WHICH INCLUDED
A LARGE NUMBER OF HORSES AND 37
WAR ELEPHANTS.
• THE ALPS PAID A LARGE TOLL ON THE
CARTHAGINIAN ARMY KILLING MOST
OF THE WAR ELEPHANTS.
• AFTER MAKING IT THROUGH THE ALPS
THE CARTHAGINIANS THREATENED
ROME.
2ND PUNIC WAR
• THE ROMANS DECIDE TO ME
HANNIBAL’S ARMY HEAD ON. A
MISTAKE WHICH LEADS TO THE LOSS
OF 40,000 ROMAN SOLDIERS.
• THE CARTHAGINIANS WERE NOT
STRONG ENOUGH TO TAKE LARGE
CITIES IN ROME AND THE ROMANS
WERE NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO
DEFEAT HANNIBAL.
2ND PUNIC WAR
• THE ROMANS GRADUALLY BEGIN TO
REBUILD AND SEND SOLDIERS TO
SPAIN PUSHING CARTHAGE OUT OF
SPAIN.
• THEN IN A BRILLIANT PLAN ROMAN
INVADES CARTHAGE. WHICH FORCED
HANNIBAL TO GO BACK TO TRY AND
PROTECT HIS HOME LAND.
• ROME CRUSHES HANNIBAL’S FORCES
AND ENDING THE WAR IN 202 B.C.E.
2ND PUNIC WAR
• SPAIN BECOMES A ROMAN PROVINCE.
• MAKING ROME THE MOST DOMINANT
POWER IN THE WESTERN
MEDITERRANEAN.
3RD PUNIC WAR
• ROMAN CITIZENS FOR A NUMBER OF
YEARS AFTER THE 2ND PUNIC WAR
CALLED FOR THE TOTAL
DESTRUCTION OF CARTHAGE.
• IN 146 B.C.E THE ROMANS DESTROY
CARTHAGE.
• FOR 10 DAYS ROMAN SOLDIERS
BURNED AND DEMOLISHED
CARTHAGE.
3RD PUNIC WAR
• THE 50,000 INHABITANTS OF
CARTHAGE MEN, WOMEN, AND
CHILDREN WERE SOLD INTO SLAVERY.
• CARTHAGE BECAME A ROMAN
PROVINCE CALLED AFRICA.
ROMAN
CONQUESTS
• IN 148 B.C.E ROME CONQUERED
MACEDONIA.
• IN 146 B.C.E ROME CONQUERED
GREECE.
• IN 129 B.C.E ROME CONQUERED
PERGAMUM.
• MAKING ROME THE MASTER OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA.
BOARD QUESTIONS
WHAT STARTED THE FIRST PUNIC
WAR?
HOW DID THE ROMANS WIN THE
SECOND PUNIC WAR?
WHAT IS A CONSUL?
WHAT ARE THE TWO SOCIAL
CLASSES OF ROME?
FROM REPUBLIC TO
EMPIRE
• THE SENATE IN THE SECOND AND
THIRD CENTURIES B.C.E BECAME THE
CONTROLLING BODY OF ROME.
• SENATORS WERE FROM THE RICH
LANDOWNING ARISTOCRACY.
• THEY WERE SENATORS FOR LIFE.
CONTROLLING EVERY ASPECT OF
ROMAN LIFE.
FROM REPUBLIC TO
EMPIRE
• MANY SMALL FARMERS COULD NOT
COMPETE WITH THE LARGE FARMS
AND LOST EVERYTHING.
• THEIR FARMS BECAME PUBLIC LAND
THAT WAS THEN BOUGHT BY THE
LARGE FARMERS. (SENATORS)
• THE FARMERS WHO LOST THEIR LAND
WOULD THEN MOVE TO ROME.
FROM REPUBLIC TO
EMPIRE
• TWO BROTHERS TIBERIUS AND GAIUS
GRACCHUS THOUGHT THAT ROMES
GROWING PROBLEMS CAME FROM
THESE SMALL FARMS BEING LOST.
• SO THEY BELIEVED THE LARGE
FARMERS SHOULD GIVE THE PUBLIC
LAND BACK TO THE SMALL FARMERS.
FROM REPUBLIC TO
EMPIRE
• WHEN THE BROTHERS TRIED TO PASS A
LAW MAKING THE LARGE LAND
OWNERS GIVE UP THE PUBLIC LAND.
• THE SOME LARGE LANDOWNERS
BEING SENATORS WERE OUTRAGED
AND PAID PEOPLE TO KILL THE
BROTHERS.
FROM REPUBLIC TO
EMPIRE
• IN 107 B.C.E MARIUS CONSUL OF
ROME BEGAN TO RECUIT MEMBERS OF
HIS ARMY A DIFFERENT WAY.
• HE BEGAN TO TAKE NONE
LANDOWNERS AS MEMBERS OF HIS
ARMY TO GET THEM OFF THE STREETS
OF ROME.
• THEY WOULD DO ANYTHING FOR
MARIUS BECAUSE HE WOULD SHARE
THE SPOILS OF WAR WITH THEM.
FROM REPUBLIC TO
EMPIRE
• CONSUL SULLA ALSO TOOK
ADVANTAGE OF THE NEW MILITARY
SYSTEM WHEN HE TOOK COMAND OF
THE WAR IN ASIA.
• THE CONCIL TRIED TO LATER TAKE
THAT COMMAND FROM SULLA AND
GIVE IT TO MARIUS.
• SULLA WAS OUTRAGED AND
ATTACKED MARIUS’ ARMY AND TOOK
CONTROL OF ROME ITSELF.
FROM REPUBLIC TO
EMPIRE
• SULLA BELIEVED HE WAS DOING WHAT
WAS BEST FOR ROME.
• BUT WHAT HE DID WAS SHOW OTHER
ROMAN GENERALS HOW EASY IT WAS
TO TAKE OVER ROME.
FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
• CRASSUS - RICHEST MAN IN ROME
• POMPEY - MILITARY GENERAL IN SPAIN
• JULIUS CAESAR - MILITARY GENERAL IN
SPAIN AND WAR HERO.
• ONCE IN POWER POMPEY AND
CAESAR DON’T NEED CRASSUS.
• THEN POMPEY AND CAESAR DON’T
WANT TO SHARE POWER. CAESAR
WINS THE BATTLE.
FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
• CAESAR BECOMES LEADER OF ROME.
• HE IS THEN KILLED BY A CLOSE FRIEND
WHO BELIEVED CAESAR HAD TO
MUCH POWER.
SECOND
TRIUMVIRATE
• LEPIDUS - WEAK BUT HAD THE FAVOR
OF THE PEOPLE
• ANTONY - CAESAR’S ASSISTANT,VERY
RELIABLE.
• OCTAVIAN (AUGUSTUS) - CAESAR’S
HEIR AND GRANDNEPHEW.
SECOND
TRIUMVIRATE
• LIKE THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE THE TWO
STRONG LEADERS PUSHED OUT THE
WEAK.
• AUGUSTUS TOOK THE WESTERN PART
OF THE EMPIRE.
• ANTONY TOOK THE EASTERN PART OF
THE EMPIRE.
SECOND
TRIUMVIRATE
• ANTONY ALLIED HIMSELF WITH
CLEOPATRA QUEEN OF EGYPT.
• BUT THE TWO COULD NOT DEFEAT
AUGUSTUS.
• BOTH ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
COMMITTED SUICIDE.