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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The first systematic psychotherapy procedure was Freud's psychoanalysis.
b. Since Freud's time, all forms of treatment for psychological disorders have involved
verbal interaction.
c. All psychotherapies employ essentially the same method of treatment.
d. Insight therapy is the most effective method for treating psychological disorders.
2. A psychotherapist who participates in complex verbal interactions with clients in order to enhance clients'
understanding of themselves and their problems would be classified as a(n)
therapist.
a. insight
b. behavior
c. biomedical
d. aversive
3. Vicki is seeing a therapist in an attempt to work through the troubles in her relationship with her father.
During her meetings with her therapist, the two of them often engage in lengthy verbal interactions, and her
therapist tries to help Vicki work through a variety of potential solutions for the problems she is facing. In
this case, her therapist's approach to treatment would most likely be classified as
a. insight therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. biomedical therapy
d. homeopathic therapy
4. Claude has been seeing a therapist in an attempt to finally stop smoking. The therapist has described a
number of techniques that they might try to eliminate Claude's behavior of smoking. In this case, his
therapist's approach to treatment would most likely be classified as
.
a. insight therapy
b. biomedical therapy
c. homeopathic therapy
d. behavior therapy
5. Leslie has been feeling depressed for a number of weeks. She thinks she may need to see a therapist to help
her overcome her depression, but she doesn't want to see anyone who is going to dwell on her childhood and
try to work through any problems she experienced years ago. She wants to see someone who will focus on
her current symptoms. In this example, it appears that Leslie is looking for a therapist whose approach to
treatment would be classified as
a. insight therapy
b. non-invasive therapy
c. biomedical therapy
d. hypnotherapy
6. The two most common problems among those who seek psychotherapy
a. marital conflicts and a sense of emptiness
b. loneliness and boredom
c. low self-esteem and irrational thinking
d. anxiety and depression
are
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7. Which of the following academic degrees is not associated with being a psychologist?
a. M.D.
b. Ph.D.
c. Psy.D.
d. Ed.D.
8. Which of the following psychologists is most likely to deal with the most severe mental health problems?
a. counseling psychologist
b. clinical psychologist
c. school psychologist
d. research psychologist
9. The theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that
a. the clinical psychologist has a doctorate; the counseling psychologist has a master's
degree
b. the clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of mental disorders; the counsel ing
psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems
c. only the clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs
d. clinical psychologists are trained to provide behavior therapy; counseling psychologists
are trained to provide insight therapy
10. Psychiatrists
a. have essentially the same education as clinical psychologists
b. are less likely to use psychoanalytic methods than psychologists
c. are physicians who specialize in the treatment of mental disorders
d. focus exclusively on biomedical therapies in treating psychological disorders
11. Which ofthe following disorders would be least apt to be treated by psychiatrists?
a. schizophrenia
b. mood disorder
c. anxiety disorder
d. marital problems
12. Gilbert just graduated from medical school and has entered a four-year residency at a local hospital. He plans
to specialize in the treatment of mental disorders. Gilbert would most likely be classified as
a. a psychiatric nurse
b. a psychiatrist
c. a clinical psychologist
d. a counseling psychologist
13. The idea that interactions designed to help a client develop self-knowledge and thus progress to healthy
changes in personality and behavior is the basis for
a. psychopharmacological therapy
b. emotive therapy
c. behavioral therapy
d. insight therapy
14. In treating an abnormal behavior, the main concern of a psychoanalyst would be to discover the
a. childhood unconscious conflict that led to the behavior
b. environmental conditions that are maintaining the behavior at its current frequency
c. ways in which the behavior keeps the client from becoming self-actualized
d. inappropriate thought patterns that underlie the behavior
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15. Dr. Stroetz believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated by bringing unconscious
conflicts and defenses into conscious awareness. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr. Stroetz's
bookshelves contain a large number of books written by
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Hans Eysenck
c. Carl Rogers
d. Joseph Wolpe
16. Mario recently started seeing a therapist. At the start of each session Mario lies down and starts talking about
anything that comes to mind. He often rambles, and he sometimes thinks that the things he describes seem
trivial or silly, but his therapist encourages him to say whatever comes into his mind. This therapeutic
technique is common among therapists who use
a. a client-centered approach in therapy
b. a cognitive approach in therapy
c. a psychoanalytic approach in therapy
d. a holistic approach to therapy
17. All of the following are Freudian techniques to bring unconscious material to consciousness except
a. free association
b. analysis of transference
c. dream analysis
d. directed confrontation
18. In free association
a. clients relate the events of their dreams as they remember them
b. clients are restricted to talking about their sexual conflicts only
c. clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur
d. therapists openly express their interpretations of clients' thoughts and feelings
19. Which of the following would Freud consider to be the most direct means of access to the unconscious mind?
a. transference
b. the content of dreams
c. the client's feelings toward the therapist
d. the client's attempts to hinder the progress of therapy
20. Michelle has been having a recurring dream for the past four months, and during a session with her
psychotherapist the therapist proposed one possible explanation that might give meaning to the images in
Michelle's dream. In providing an explanation for the meaning of the dream, the therapist is engaged in
a.
b.
c.
d.
21.
interpretation
transference
clarification
free association
Resistance
a. consists primarily of conscious efforts to hinder the progress of therapy
b. refers to the client's reaction to sexual advances from the therapist
c. involves largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of
d.
therapy
refers to the subtle, primarily unconscious ways in which young children rebel against
their parents' demands
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22.
Jimmy has been in psychotherapy for several months, but during the last few sessions he has been distracted ~
and inattentive. When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently, Jimmy insists that
he doesn't remember any of his dreams. According to Freud, Jimmy's behavior may be a sign of
a. defensive neurosis
b. resistance
c. transference
d. insight
23.
Transference
a. occurs when the client makes conscious attempts to hinder the progress of therapy
b. refers to the client's redirection toward the therapist of unconscious emotional reactions
originally felt toward others
c. involves transferring memories of past traumatic experiences to current dreams
d. occurs when the therapist treats the client as though the client was an important authority
figure
24. Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient
a. transfers from one stage of analysis to another
b. changes the way the patient feels about people close to the patient
c. responds to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent
d. shifts social roles during the course of therapy
25. After several months of psychoanalysis, Andy begins to feel intensely angry at his therapist, although the
therapist has been consistently warm and supportive. Andy's feelings are probably
a. due to a misinterpretation of the therapist's behavior
b. a result of transference
c. a sign of an impending psychosis
d. a result of sudden insight about some childhood experience
Tasha
has been in psychotherapy for just over a year. Lately she has started to express a strong sexual desire
26.
for her therapist. Unconsciously she is acting toward him the way she wishes she could act toward her own.
husband. According to Freud, Tasha's behavior may be a sign of
a. transference
b. resistance
c. free association
d. defensive neurosis
27. The psychoanalytic therapist deals with transference by
a. modeling new behavior for the client
b. moving to a new topic for discussion
c. ignoring it and recentering on the real problem
d. allowing the patient to work through the feelings associated with transference
Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy grew from the
tradition.
a. psychoanalytic
b. behaviorist
c. humanistic
d. cognitive
29. The therapeutic technique that focuses on providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who in turn
playa major role in determining the pace and direction of therapy, is referred to as
a. rational-emotive therapy
b. client-centered therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
28.
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30.
According to Rogers, personal distress occurs when
a. unconscious conflicts threaten to rise to the surface of conscious awareness
b. a person engages in negative thinking
c. there is incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality
d. a person is lacking in self-control
31.
An important goal of client-centered therapy is to
a. help clients realize they don't have to worry constantly about approval from others
b. help clients achieve a greater understanding of how long-repressed childhood conflicts
can affect their adult behavior
c. change the ways clients think
d. modify clients' maladaptive behavior patterns
Dr. Benz always tries to be honest with her clients, and she never becomes defensive, even if the clients
ridicule her feedback or her methods of therapy. According to Carl Rogers, Dr. Benz is displaying the quality
of
a. empathy in dealing with her clients
b. genuineness in dealing with her clients
c. unconditional positive regard in dealing with her clients
d. validity in dealing with her clients
Charlene is talking with her father, and she confesses that she lied about where she had been on the weekend.
Her father tells Charlene that he loves her, but that he doesn't approve of her lying. According to Carl Rogers,
Charlene's father is displaying the quality of
a. empathy
b. validity
c. unconditiol1al positive regard
d. selective abstraction
Client: "I've had a bad week. I'm really down." Therapist: "You've had some unpleasant experiences lately
and are feeling quite depressed as a result." The therapist's statement in this interaction is intended to
communicate ----to the client.
a. genuineness
b. unconditional positive regard
c. empathy
d. disapproval
The characteristics of client-centered therapy that are necessary to encourage client growth include all but
which of the following?
a. empathy
b. genuineness
c. directedness
d. unconditional positive regard
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
In client-centered therapy the therapist's key task is
a. clarification
b. interpretation
c. behavior modification
d. cognitive evaluation
37.
Cognitive therapy emphasizes
a. recognizing and changing negative thought patterns
b. reliving of traumatic childhood experiences
c. increasing the client's self-awareness and self-acceptance
d. modifying maladaptive behaviors
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38.
Dr. Guralski believes that most psychological disorders are a result of negative thoughts and maladaptive
beliefs. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr. Guralski's bookshelves contain a large number of books
written by
a. Aaron Beck
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Hans Eysenck
d. Carl Rogers
39. According to Beck, which types of thought processes tend to produce depression?
a. blaming setbacks on circumstantial factors
b. focusing selectively on positive experiences
c. drawing negative conclusions about one's personal worth based on insignificant events
d. failing to accept responsibility for one's own actions
40. Dr. Varsho is a psychotherapist who often argues openly with her clients. She is very assertive, and tries to
persuade her clients to alter their patterns of thinking. Dr. Varsho is
a. using a client-centered approach to therapy
b. probably not very successful as a therapist
c. using a modern psychodynamic approach to therapy
d. a therapist who uses Beck's cognitive approach
Cognitive therapy borrows many techniques from
therapy.
a. group
b. behavior
c. client-centered
d. psychodynamic
42. Bryson was surprised by his first psychotherapy session. When the session was over the therapist gave
Bryson a homework assignment. She asked Bryson to record any thoughts that came to his mind when he
experienced a setback at home or in his job. In this case, it appears that Bryson is seeing a therapist who uses
a. client-centered therapy
b. a psychoanalytic approach to therapy
c. social skills training
d. Beck's cognitive therapy
43. Which of the following statements about group therapy is false?
a. Therapy groups typically consist of 4 to 15 participants.
b. The therapist may share his or her personal experiences and feelings with the group.
c. Group participants essentially function as therapists for each other.
d. Group therapy is typically more expensive than individual therapy.
41.
44.
Which of the following is not among the advantages of group therapy?
a. Participants often come to realize that their misery is not unique.
b. It produces a significantly higher recovery rate than individual therapy.
c. It provides an opportunity for participants to work on social skills in a safe environment.
d. Certain kinds of problems are especially well-suited to group treatment.
45.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
most important aspect of group therapy is that group members
provide acceptance and emotional support
challenge one another's false belief structures
increase conformity and compliance
reduce both transference and resistance
6
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46.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
recovery from a disorder without formal treatment is referred to as
a placebo effect
reified recovery
spontaneous remission
countertransference
47.
Behavior therapy is derived from
a. research by B. F. Skinner, Hans Eysenck, and Joseph Wolpe
b. cognitive research
c. psychodynam ic research
d. Gestalt psychology
48.
According to behavior therapists, pathological behaviors
a. are signs of an underlying emotional or cognitive problem
b. should be viewed as the expression of an unconscious sexual or aggressive conflict
c. can be modified directly, through the application of established principles of
conditioning
d. are the product of irrational thinking
49. A behavior therapist's major concern in treating an abnormal behavior would be to discover
a. the childhood unconscious conflict that led to the behavior
b. how situational factors are evoking the troublesome behavior
c. the ways in which the behavior keeps the client from becoming self-actualized
d. the inappropriate thought patterns that underlie the behavior
50.
Behavior therapy requires that
a. the client's vague complaints be translated into concrete behavioral goals
b. the client develop insight into his or her irrational thought processes
c. the client passively accept suggestions for change
d. the client's concrete complaints be translated into abstract constructs
51.
Systematic desensitization is a technique based on
a. instrumental conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. operant conditioning
d. aversive conditioning
52. Viewing a phobia for snakes in classical conditioning terms, the snake is a(n)
and the fear is a(n)
a. unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response
b. unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
c. conditioned stimulus; conditioned response
d. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
53. When Brett was only six years old, his older sister hid in his closet, then unexpectedly jumped out and scared
him when he came into his dark bedroom. As an adult, Brett is still terrified of the dark. Based on principles
of classical conditioning, Brett's current fear of the dark is
a. an unconditioned response
b. a result of observational learning
c. a conditioned response
d. a result of counterconditioning
7
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-----------In systematic desensitization, a new
response is substituted for the old
a. relaxation; fear
b. undesirable; desirable
c. unpleasant; pleasant
d. conditioned; unconditioned
55. The use of the anxiety hierarchy in systematic desensitization allows for the
a. gradual approach to the feared object
b. direct confrontation with the feared object
c. use of real objects instead of imagination
d. transfer of treatment to.real-life situations
54.
56.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
response.
idea that you can't be profoundly relaxed and fearful at the same time is basic to
behavior modification
systematic desensitization
successive goal approximations
psychodynamic activation
Aversion therapy is designed to remove unwanted
a. negative associations using classical conditioning techniques
b. pleasant associations using observational learning techniques
c. negative associations using operant learning techniques
d. pleasant associations using classical conditioning techniques
58. A therapist cures a man of his sexual attraction to children by pairing pictures of children with painful
electric shocks. The procedure being used here is
a. systematic desensitization
b. aversion therapy
c. extinction
d. social skills training
59. Bryant loves rich deserts, but he knows that eating high-fat, calorie-laden deserts is bad for his heart.
However, he was unable to control his desire for these tasty treats until he read an atiicle in a magazine. The
article suggested that every time a person looked at a tempting, but forbidden food, he or she should form a
mental image of something disgusting. Bryant has been doing this for the past month and he finds deserts no
longer have pleasant associations for him. In this case, Bryant used
a. systematic desensitization to overcome his desire for rich deserts
b. observational learning to overcome his desire for rich deserts
c. aversion therapy to overcome his desire for rich deserts
d. negative reinforcement to overcome his desire for rich deserts
57.
60.
61.
Which of the following is not a component of social skills training?
a. modeling
b. aversive stimuli
c. behavioral rehearsal
d. shaping
A critical component associated with social skills training is
a. transference
b. behavioral rehearsal
c. biofeedback
d. classical conditioning
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62. Earl is an extremely aggressive child who often hits other children when he can't get his own way. Earl is
now seeing a behavioral therapist who has discussed appropriate ways of interacting with peers, and shown
Earl several videotapes of children resolving conflicts in non-aggressive ways. Earl has also engaged in "role
play" during which the therapist has provided corrective feedback and positive reinforcement. In this case,
the
a.
b.
c.
d.
therapist is using
social skills training to develop Earl's ability to interact with his peers
biofeedback to develop Earl's ability to interact with his peers
aversion therapy to develop Earl's ability to interact with his peers
systematic desensitization to develop Earl's ability to interact with his peers
63. Biofeedback is
a. a technique in which information about a bodily function is monitored and fed back to a
b.
c.
d.
person
based on the assumption that people have no voluntary control over any of their
physiological processes
a treatment method developed by Joseph Wolpe
a behavioral technique that combines classical conditioning and observational learning
64. Georgina is attempting to control her anxiety by altering a tone from a device monitoring her physiological
arousal. Georgina is most likely undergoing
.
a. biofeedback therapy
b. counterconditioning
c. systematic desensitization
d. aversion therapy
65. In direct comparisons of the effectiveness of behavior therapy and insight therapy
a. the differences are usually small, but tend to favor behavior therapy
b. the differences are usually small, but tend to favor insight therapy
c. behavior therapy tends to be significantly more effective
d. insight therapy tends to be significantly more effective
66. Psychopharmacotherapy
involves the treatment of mental disorders with
a. electroconvulsive shock
b. insight therapy
c. medication
d. surgery
67. Valium is
a. an antidepressant drug
b. an antianxiety drug
c. an antipsychotic drug
d. an MAO inhibitor
68. The most commonly cited side effect associated with antianxiety drugs is
a. drowsiness
b. tachycardia
c. blurred vision
.
.
d. insomnIa
69. Mary has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed a drug from the benzodiazepine family to
reduce the severity of Mary's symptoms. In this case, Mary's therapist is mostlikely treating her for
a.
b.
c.
d.
an anxiety disorder
depression
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
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70.
Thorazine is classed as
a. an antianxiety drug
b. an antipsychotic drug
c. an antidepressant drug
d. a mood-altering drug
71. Antipsychotic drugs
a. gradually reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions
b. are effective in about 95 percent of psychotic patients
c. tend to produce an immediate, but ShOli-lasting, effect
d. are often prescribed even for individuals who have no clinical psychotic disorder
Gil has a psychological disorder, and his doctor has prescribed an antipsychotic drug to reduce the severity of
Gil's symptoms. In this case, Gil's therapist is most likely treating him for
a. panic disorder
b. mild depression
c. generalized anxiety disorder
d. schizophrenia
73. Jennifer's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that alters the activity in dopamine synapses. Her doctor is
most likely treating Jennifer for symptoms of
a. depression
b. schizophrenia
c. bipolar disorder
d. an anxiety disorder
74. Colton has been taking a drug to control a psychological disorder. Some of the side effects that he has been ~
experiencing include drowsiness, constipation, and tardive dyskinesia. In this case, Colton is most likely
72.
75.
being treated for
a. depression
b. bipolar disorder
c. an anxiety disorder
d. schizophrenia
Nelson, a schizophrenic patient, has just begun taking antipsychotic medication. He took his first dose about
12 hours ago, but so far his family sees no change in his condition. What advice should they be given?
a. If he doesn't show improvement in another 12 hours, a different kind of medication
should be tried.
b. Patients usually don't begin responding to antipsychotic drugs for at least a couple of
c.
d.
days.
He may have been misdiagnosed as schizophrenic.
Early changes due to antipsychotic medication are usually not apparent to
nonprofessionals, who are unfamiliar with the signs of improvement.
76.
Tardive dyskinesia
a. is a neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements
b. is a serious side effect of long-term use of antidepressant drugs
c. can be cured with the same medication used to treat Parkinson's disease
d. can emerge after long-term use of lithium
77.
The
a.
b.
c.
d.
tricyclics and the MAO inhibitors
are both classified as antipsychotic drugs
are the two principal classes of antidepressants
have an immediate mood-elevating effect
are the two main classes of antianxiety drugs
10
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-----------78.
Kayla has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed an MAO inhibitor to reduce the severity of
Kayla's symptoms. In this case, Kayla's therapist is most likely treating her for
a. depression
b. an anxiety disorder
c. schizophrenia
d. bipolar disorder
79.
The
a.
h.
c.
d.
newest antidepressant drugs, such as Prozac
increase levels of dopamine in the brain
act as MAO inhibitors
slow the reuptake process at serotonin synapses
also reduce the manic symptoms associated with bipolar disorder
80. Lithium is a chemical used to treat
a. major depression
b. schizophrenia
c. multiple-personality disorders
d. bipolar mood disorders
81. Price has had several episodes of severe depression, but for the past week he has been euphoric and
hyperactive, and he hasn't slept for the past four nights. His family is concerned, and they have brought him
to a mental health clinic for treatment. If the doctor who sees him prescribes medication to reduce Price's
current symptoms, the medication that will most likely be prescribed is
a. a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
b. a tricyclic drug
c. lithium
d. a drug from the benzodiazepine family
82.
Which of the following is not a criticism
a. The side effects may be worse than
b. The therapy is typically expensive.
c. They temporarily relieve symptoms
d. Many drugs are overprescribed and
of drug therapy?
the illnesses they are supposed to cure.
without addressing the real problem.
many patients are overmedicated.
83.
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
a. involves the use of electric shock to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions
b. is used primarily for the treatment of schizophrenia
c. has been used increasingly often since the 1940s
d. is one of the key components in aversion therapy
84. The most accurate statement about why ECT works to the degree that it does is that
a. it acts as a form of aversion therapy
b. it alters neural circuits in the brain
c. it alters neurotransmitter activity in the brain
d. no one is really certain why it works
85. You are watching a television documentary that shows a patient who is undergoing electroconvulsive
(ECT). If this documentary is depicting psychotherapy in the 1990s, you should conclude that
a. the patient is being treated for severe depression that has not responded to medication
b. the patient is being treated for severe schizophrenia that has not responded to medication
c. the documentary is inaccurate because electroconvulsive shock therapy hasn't been used
since the 1970s
d. the documentary is an "undercover expose," and the doctor administrating the treatment
is in violation of current ethical guidelines
11
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---------86. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
risks ofECT
have been completely eliminated by modern improvements in the procedure
may include both short- and long-term intellectual impairment
are so severe that the use of ECT has been banned by law
are negligible, as long as appropriate precautions are taken
...._ ....
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
A
A
D
C
6. D
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
A
B
B
C
D
B
13. D
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
A
A
C
D
C
B
A
C
B
B
C
B
A
D
C
29. B
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
C
A
B
C
C
C
A
..37 ... A
38: A
39. C
40. D
41. B
42. D
43. D
44. B
45. A
46. C
47. A
48. C
49. B
50. A
51. B.
52. C
53. C
54. A
55. A
56. B
57. D
58. B
59. C
60. B
61. B
62. A
63. A
64. A
65. A
66. C
67. B
68. A
69. A
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
B
A
D
B
D
B
A
B
A
C
D
C
B
83. A
8 L [)
L
85.
86.
A
B