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Name Date Chapter 13 In-Depth Resources: Unit 4 Section 3 The War with Mexico Geography Application The United States Gains Land from Mexico, 1845–1853 I the Mexican Cession. Through this, the United States gained one-third more territory. Mexico lost nearly one half of its territory. Then the Gadsden Purchase became the final border expansion of the continental United States. James Gadsden was a railroad executive acting for the U.S. government. In 1853, he offered Mexico $50 million for 250,000 square miles of its land. Mexico took only part of the deal. For $10 million, it gave the United States a strip of nearly 30,000 square miles. This land was later used for the southern route of a railroad to the Pacific. All three U.S. land gains are shown on the map below. n the period of 1845 to 1853, the United States gained more than a million square miles of land from Mexico. The land became all or part of 10 present-day states. They are shown below with the dates they achieved statehood. First came the Texas Annexation. Texas had declared itself a republic—an independent nation—in 1836. However, Mexico never recognized Texas’s independence. Then, in December, 1845, the United States annexed Texas by making it the 28th state. A few months later, the Mexican War was on. It ended in 1848 with a U.S. victory. But Mexico lost more than Texas. It had to surrender much of New Mexico. It also gave up the vast region to the west known as MEXICAN CESSION N Present-day state boundaries WYOMING (1890) 40˚N NEVADA (1864) UTAH COLORADO (1876) (1896) KANSAS (1861) CALIFORNIA Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. (1850) ARIZONA (1912) PACIFIC OCEAN (1912) TEXAS 30˚N GADSDEN PURCHASE 0 0 120˚W OKLAHOMA (1907) NEW MEXICO (1845) Gulf of 250 mi 500 km MEXICO TEXAS ANNEXATION Mexico 90˚W MANIFEST DESTINY 29 The United States Gains Land from Mexico continued Interpreting Maps and Text 1. Which territory—the Texas Annexation, the Mexican Cession, or the Gadsden Purchase— completed the present-day borders of the “lower 48” United States? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which territory was not acquired as the direct outcome of warfare? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. From which territories did Wyoming receive land? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which states acquired all of their present-day land from the Mexican Cession? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Besides Texas, which states had at least part of their land inside the Texas Annexation? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Which is the only state created from land found in all three areas added from 1845 to 1853? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Most of the land of the Gadsden Purchase is found in which state? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Which was the first state after Texas to be created from land acquired from Mexico during this time period? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. If the United States had not added these three territories, how much larger would Mexico be today? Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 UNIT 4 CHAPTER 13