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REVISION BOOKLET
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BOOKLET!!!!!
Year 10 SCIENCE
INSTRUCTIONS:

Aim to spend about 20 - 25 minutes on each section. There are 5
sections and you can do them in any order.
 There is an Information Page with a Periodic
Table, some chemical reactions and formula on
page 2.
SECTIONS:
A.
PLANTS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY
B.
SCIENCE IN SPORT
C.
SCIENCE IN THE SUPERMARKET
D.
FAMILY TREES
E.
ELECTRICITY
When you have finished go back over all your answers.
Make sure you have attempted all questions. Even the
“Excellence” questions have an “Achieved” level answer
There are no marks taken off for wrong answers.
are only awarded for correct answers.
Marks
If you are unsure of an answer then at
least have a go.
Year 10 Science Information Page
MOTION FORMULAE
F=mxa
Speed =
g = 10 N kg-1
Weight = m x g
Distance
time
Ek = ½ mv2
acceleration =
change in speed
time
Work = Force x distance
Ep = m x g x h
PERIODIC TABLE- The first 20 Elements
1
H
1
4
He
2
7
Li
3
9
Be
4
11
B
5
12
C
6
14
N
7
16
O
8
19
F
9
20
Ne
10
23
Na
11
24
Mg
12
27
Al
13
29
Si
14
31
P
15
32
S
16
35
Cl
17
39
Ar
19
39
K
19
40
Ca
20
1. An ACID plus a BASE reacts to produce a METAL SALT plus WATER.
Acid + Base
Salt + Water
2. An ACID plus a METAL reacts to produce a METAL SALT plus HYDROGEN.
Acid + Metal
Metal Salt + Hydrogen
3. An ACID plus a METAL CARBONATE reacts to produce a METAL SALT plus
CARBON DIOXIDE plus WATER.
Acid + Metal Carbonate
Metal Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
When they react they produce:
Sulfuric Acid produces sulfates.
Hydrochloric Acid produces chlorides.
Nitric acid produces nitrates.
Bases:
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Metals:
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Section A
PLANTS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY
Objective: To show understanding of the parts of plants and their functions
Question 1
Here is a diagram of a typical seed. The plumule is already labelled.
1.
(a)
Label the parts of the bean seed, using the following labels:
Radicle, cotyledon, testa
Plumule
Plumule (shoot)
(shoot)
b) What role do the cotyledons play in seed germination?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
c)
List TWO conditions needed for a seed to germinate.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
d) Is sunlight needed for germination? Explain your answer
_________________________________________________
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e) Once it has successfully germinated the plant continues to develop its three main parts, - the
leaves, the roots and the stem. Describe the function of the roots and stem
______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Stem ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Roots
e) The leaf is the part of the plant that carries out photosynthesis. Describe in your own words the
process of photosynthesis and explain why it is important to the plant.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
f)
Complete the word equation for photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide
g)
+
Water
+
In the equation above, something should be written over the arrow. State what is missing and
explain why this is important for photosynthesis to happen.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
h)
Discuss how the leaves get the carbon dioxide and water that they need to carry
out photosynthesis and then what it does with the products of photosynthesis.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
i)
To find out if a leaf has been photosynthesising it can be tested for starch.
Name the solution used to test for starch in the leaf and state the colour it should
go if starch is present.
SOLUTION:
j)
______
COLOUR:
Explain why testing for starch indicates whether a leaf has been photosynthesising.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Objective: To show understanding of the process of plant reproduction
Question 2
There are two types of pollination, insect/animal and wind.
a)
Complete the table below to match each characteristic with the most likely type of pollination.
Write either WIND or INSECT.
Characteristic
Wind or Insect pollinated
Distinctive smell
Small, light pollen
Large amounts of pollen
Colourful flowers
Contain nectar
b)
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages, to the plant, of each type of pollination
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
c)
Explain what pollination is and describe what is formed as a result.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
d)
Seeds can be dispersed (spread) by exploding as shown below. Describe TWO other ways
seeds can be dispersed.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Plants can reproduce using either sexual or asexual reproduction. Pollination is involved in the sexual
reproduction process.
e)
Give two methods of how plants can reproduce without sex (asexually).
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
f)
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction.
____________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Disadvantage__________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Advantage
Objective: To show understanding of the digestive system
Question 3
a)
Explain, giving a one or two sentence summary, what the purpose of digestion is.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
After food leaves the stomach it passes through the intestines. After the small intestine comes the
large intestine.
c)
What is the role of the small intestine and explain why it is important that it is working
properly. (i.e. what are the problems you would have if it didn’t work properly?)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Objective: To show understanding of the circulatory system
Question 4
There are 3 types of blood vessels: Arteries, Veins and capillaries.
a) Which of these three types takes blood away from the heart? _________________
b) When you are measuring your pulse, what type of blood vessel are you pressing your fingers
against and what are you actually measuring?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
c) Discuss why the walls of capillaries are much thinner than the walls of arteries.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
d)
Discuss how the circulatory system (heart, lungs and blood vessels) work together to keep
the body alive.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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Section B
SCIENCE IN SPORT
Objective: To show an understanding of motion-time graphs and motion calculations
Question 1
The Tour de France is a cycle race that is held each year across parts of France.
The following were the results for one of the legs:
Time (min)
0
30
60
90
120
150
(a)
Distance (km/h)
0
25
45
70
90
120
Use this data to complete the graph below.
120
100
80
60
Distance
(km)
40
20
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
Time (mins)
b) Calculate the speed of the rider over the first 60 minutes.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
c)
State when the rider is moving the quickest.
Between _________ minutes and _________ minutes.
d)
Explain how you knew the answer to c)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
e)
Comment on the motion of the rider during his journey.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Objective: To show an understanding of forces
Question 2
Below is the diagram of the rider from the Tour de France.
a) Draw FOUR arrows with all the forces acting on the rider labelled.
b)
Explain TWO ways cyclists can reduce friction acting on them and their bike.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
c)
What type of energy is produced when friction acts? _________________
d)
Forces can be divided into two groups, contact and non-contact forces. Place the
following into their correct column:
magnetism, electrostatic, friction, buoyancy, gravity
Contact forces
Non-contact forces
The All Black’s scrum is 904 kilograms.
e)
Calculate the weight of the scrum. Fgravity= m x g
g= 10 Nkg-1
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
f)
Describe the effects a force can have on an object.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
g)
Compare the weight and mass of a person on the earth and on the moon.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
h)
Starting from rest, an 80 kg man accelerates uniformly to 12 m s-1 in a time of 2 seconds.
Calculate his acceleration. Give the correct unit.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________acceleration = _________ Unit_____
i)
Calculate the force acting on the man while he accelerates.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
i)
Calculate the kinetic energy of the man while he is travelling at 8 m s-1. Give the correct unit
for your answer.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
___________________________Kinetic energy = ________Unit___
i)
While the man is running a headwind comes and up his speed decreases to a constant speed of
-1
8 m s . Discuss what this tells us relative size of the forces when the man has reached a steady speed.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of motion calculations
Question 3
Usain Bolt is a Jamaican sprinter who has set records for the men’s 100 metres and 200 metre
sprints. His time for the 100 m is 9.58 s.
a)
Calculate his average speed for each distance. (speed = d/t)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
b)
If Usain ran the 400 metres at speed of 9.4 m s-1, calculate if he would be able to beat the
world record holder Michael Johnson of USA who has a time of 43.18s for the 400 metres.
(t = d/speed)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of energy.
Question 4
You may need to use the formula sheet on page 2 to answer some of these questions
A 2 kg medicine ball is rolled down a ramp and reaches a speed of 6 m s-1.
a) What type of, and how much, energy does the ball have at the bottom of the ramp?
______________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
___________________________amount of energy = ____________
Type of Energy
b) The ball travels along the flat until it stops rolling. Explain what has happened to the energy that
the ball had at the bottom of the ramp.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
In all sports you have to do work.
(d) Force is measured in Newtons, distance is measured in metres, what are the units of work?
__________________
(e)
A woman pushes a wheelbarrow with a force of 250 N, over a distance of 20 m.
Calculate the work done by the woman. Show the formula you used and your working.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Section C
SCIENCE IN THE SUPERMARKET
Objective: To describe the parts of atoms and their relation to ion formation
Question 1
a)
Write the name or symbols of the following elements.
Li
Boron
Ca
Iron
K
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
There are 3 particles which make up an atom.
b) Name these 3 particles
_________________________________________________
c) The nucleus of an atom contains almost all of the mass of the atom. Which two of the particles listed in
b) make up the nucleus?
_________________________________________________
d)
Beryllium has an atomic number of 4. Fluorine has an atomic number of 9. Complete the table
below using this information.
Beryllium
Symbol
Number of electrons
F
4
Electron arrangement
Number of electrons lost or
gained to form an ion
Symbol of the ion formed
e)
Fluorine
2,7
2+
Be
Explain why sodium, which has 11 electrons, forms a positive ion but chlorine, which has 17
electrons, forms a negative ion.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
f)
Complete the diagram to show how the electrons would be
arranged around the nucleus of an argon atom. (Use the
periodic table given on page 2)
Ar
_______________
h) What is the electron arrangement of the fluorine ion (F )? _______________
g) What is the electron arrangement of Aluminium?
-1
g) Complete the following chart about the elements in Zinc chloride Element Symbol
Element Name
MgCl2
Number of atoms
of each element
in the formula
Total number of atoms
in the molecule of the
compound
h) Complete the following chart about Iron hydroxide - Fe(OH)3
Element Symbol
Element Name
i) What is the name of K2CO3 ?
Number of atoms
of each element
in the formula
Total number of atoms
in the molecule of the
compound
_____________________
j) Use the list of ions given in the box to write the formula of the following ionic compounds.
Zn2+
zinc
O2-
oxide
Na+
sodium
OH-
hydroxide
Fe2+
iron
Cl-
chloride
Cu2+
copper
NO3-
Mg2+
magnesium
SO42- sulfate
nitrate
(i) Copper chloride
___________
(ii) Magnesium carbonate
(iii) Iron nitrate
___________
(iv) Aluminium sulfate
3+
Al
aluminium
CO32-
carbonate
__________
___________
k)
A sodium atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons and 11 electrons. A fluoride ion has 11 protons,
12 neutrons and 10 electrons. Discuss how and why an atom changes into an ion and how this
change leads to an ability to form compounds. In your answer you should talk about:
 The electron arrangements of the sodium atom and the sodium ion
 What happens to an atom when it changes into an ion (and why)
 Why ions form compounds which have no charge
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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Objective:
To demonstrate abilities in writing formulae and equations
To demonstrate understanding of acids, their properties and reactions
Question 2
a)
Organise the following substances into acids and bases. Write your answers in the table below.
Soap (8.5)
Oven cleaner (pH 12)
Blood (pH 7.4)
Sodium hydroxide
Lemonade (pH 4)
Shampoo (pH 5.5)
ACID
BASE
Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.
Substance tested
b)
c)
d)
With red litmus, paper it became:
With Universal indicator it went:
A
BLUE
BLUE
B
RED
GREEN
C
RED
YELLOW
___________
Which substance is a base?
___________
i. Which substance is neither an acid nor a base? ___________
ii. What would be the approximate pH of this substance?
___________
Which substance is an acid?
A substance found in a bathroom cupboard was tested with blue litmus paper. It stayed blue.
e)
What does this tell you about the substance? Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Sarah puts some Iron metal into a test tube and adds sulfuric acid.
A chemical reaction occurs at once. Answer these questions about it:
f) Write down the formula for sulfuric acid.
______________
g) How could Sarah know that a chemical reaction had happened?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Use the information given on the second page of this booklet to complete word equations for
each of the following reactions by naming the products produced.
h) Iron + sulfuric
acid
+
+
(i) Magnesium + hydrochloric
hydroxide
acid
(j) Copper +
carbonate
nitric
acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
(k) Write a balanced formula equation for reaction (j) (Use the table of ions given three pages back)
Question 3
Protein one of the types of nutrients we get from food.
a)
Describe how you would test for protein and what you would expect to see if the test was
positive
_____________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Result (if positive) ________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Method
Question 4
John did an experiment to find out how much sodium hydroxide was needed to neutralise various
solutions of sulfuric acid. His results are presented below with a graph.
Neutralisation of Sulfuric acid using Sodium Hydroxide
Mass of NaOH (g)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
-1
Concentration of Sulfuric acid (g L )
200
a)
From the graph determine how much sodium hydroxide is needed to neutralise a solution with
140 grams per litre of sulfuric acid.
b)
By extending the graph determine how much sodium hydroxide is needed to neutralise a solution
with a concentration of 200 grams per litre of sulfuric acid.
Question 5
Two metals magnesium and aluminium were placed into two separate test tubes containing
hydrochloric acid. The magnesium appeared to react quicker as there were more bubbles
immediately produced.
State two ways that you could speed up the reaction happening between both metals and the acid.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Section D
FAMILY TREES
Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of basic terms and definitions
Question 1
a) Complete the following table:
Word
Definition/ Meaning
Cell division for making sex cells
Heterozygous
Homozygous
An alternative form of a gene
A gene that will only be expressed if the dominant allele is not present
What a feature looks like (physical characteristic)
b) Use the following words to complete the paragraph:
recessive
dominant
heterozygous
homozygous
phenotype
________________ characteristic but her mum
does not so her mum must be ________________ for that feature. Her dad can be
homozygous dominant or ________________ . The brown eyes are part of his
________________
Sarah’s dad has brown eyes which is a
Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of different types of variation
Question 2
Give two examples of continuous variation, two examples of either/or variation and two of noninherited variation. Complete the table.
continuous variation
either/or variation
not inherited at all
Objective: To show an understanding of the methods of inheritance and genetics
Question 3
A dominant red daschund dog (MM) was bred with a recessive black dog (mm).
a)
Complete a punnett square to show the puppies colours.
b)
State the ratio of red puppies to black puppies.
____________________________
c)
Use another punnett square to explain what would happen if one of these puppies was
then bred (mated) with a black dog.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
d)
Talia’s mum can roll her tongue which is dominant but her dad cannot. Talia can roll her
tongue too but her sister cannot. Draw a punnett square and explain how this is possible. Use
the letters L and l for the punnett square.
Punnett square
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
e)
A family has three girls. The parents decide to have one more child and hope they will have a
boy. Use a punnett square to discuss the probability of them having a boy.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Space for a diagram if needed
Question 4
Human females have 46 chromosomes in each of their body cells.
A housefly has only 24 chromosomes in each of its body cells while a tomato
plant has 8 chromosomes in its pollen cells.
(a) How many chromosomes are there in a human egg cell? ____________
(b) How many chromosomes are there in a fly’s egg? ____________
(c) How many chromosomes are there in a fertilised fly’s egg (a zygote)? ____________
(d) How many chromosomes are there in a tomato leaf cell? ____________
(b) What is one important difference between a gamete and a zygote? Discuss why this difference is
important.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Scientists working to improve human nutrition used selective breeding to increase the yield of
tomato plants. In selective breeding, breeders only keep plants with the best characteristics for
the trait they want. Soon they only have plants with "good" genes.
When using selection with self-pollinating plants it takes only a few years to find the best
combinations of good genes. If the "good" genes are recessive, they can often be quickly identified.
Another group of scientists added a new gene to tomato plants so that it was able to produce a
chemical which killed off the insects that damage it. Normal tomato plants cannot produce this
chemical.
c) Discuss why selective breeding cannot be used to make tomato plants that produce this
chemical.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Objective: To show understanding of mitosis and meiosis
Question 5
Pine trees are very easy to clone. Name the type of cell division involved here.
__________________
a)
Name of cell division:
b)
Explain the possible advantages of using this method of producing new trees.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
c)
What are some of the disadvantages of this type of reproduction?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
d) Discuss the differences between the two types of cell division – Mitosis and Meiosis. In your
answer you should consider:
The reason for each type of cell division
The effect on chromosome number after the process
The number of daughter cells
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________
.
Section E
ELECTRICITY
Objective: To describe the nature of static electricity
Question 1
1.
a)
Kelsey loves to bounce on her trampoline on sunny days. After bouncing for several minutes her
hair sticks up on end.
Name the type of electricity that causes her hair to stick up.
b)
Discuss why Kelsey’s hair begins to stick up.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
c)
When Kelsey’s sister also gets onto the trampoline, Kelsey likes to give her a small
electric shock by touching her hand. Explain why this happens.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
d)
Kelsey’s sister says that it is similar to a bolt of lightning.
(i)
On the diagram, draw where a
lightning bolt is most likely to occur.
(ii)
Use the diagram to explain what
causes lightning.
______________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Question 2
a)
(i)
Describe what is meant by an electrical conductor.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
ii)
Give an example of a substance that can be used as an electrical conductor.
_________________________________________________
b)
(i)
Describe what is meant by an electrical insulator.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
ii)
Give an example of a substance that can be used as an electrical insulator.
_________________________________________________
Objective: To describe the parts and functions of electrical components
Question 3.
a)
The table below shows symbols for circuit components. Complete the table below by
writing the correct name next to each symbol
Name
The following descriptions are describing various electrical components.
b)
Give the matching name for each description.
Description
A device which counts the number of electrons of current
flowing past a point per second
A device which converts electrical energy into light energy
A device which stops the circuit operating by breaking the
circuit
A device which stops the circuit operating by melting when
the current is too high
A device which resists electric current flowing around a
circuit
A device which measures the energy supplied or used by a
part in the circuit
Name
c)
In the spaces below draw circuit diagrams, using the correct symbols for:
A single cell for the power supply, connected to a resistor and a bulb in series. There is a voltmeter
measuring the voltage of the bulb.
A 9 volt battery connected to two bulbs. There are two switches, so that each bulb can be turned on or
off without affecting the other bulb. There is an ammeter to measure the total current of the
circuit.