Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Lesson 3.1 Investigating Energy Understandings 1. Two types of energy exist: potential (stored energy) and kinetic (energy in motion). 2. Energy sources can be renewable, exhaustible, or inexhaustible. There are advantages and disadvantages to each. 3. The six main forms of energy include solar or light radiation, thermal, electrical, mechanical, chemical, and nuclear. 4. Energy efficiency and conservation are necessary in order to minimize pollution, improve business/economy, reduce dependence on foreign sources, and reduce our carbon footprint to create a sustainable world. 5. Energy can be transferred, or moved, from one object to another. 6. Energy can be transformed, or changed, from one form to another. 7. The second law of thermodynamics states that not all energy is 100 percent efficient when it is converted from one form to another. 8. Work is measured in Joules and is defined as force acting over a distance. Power is measured in Watts and is defined by how fast work is done. 9. Engineers, designers, and engineering technologists are high demand for the development of future technology to meet societal needs and wants. Knowledge and Skills It is expected that students will: Describe the differences between, and the advantages and disadvantages of exhaustible, inexhaustible, renewable, and non-renewable energy sources. Describe the six main forms of energy; including solar or light radiation, thermal, electrical, mechanical, chemical, and nuclear. Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy. Identify global energy uses and explain trends toward future demands. Demonstrate ways to increase the efficiency of energy used in homes and at school. Calculate financial savings and explain effects of our carbon footprint as a result of using energy efficiently. Use the design process to design, model, and test a wind turbine for efficiency. Calculate power and work by measuring force, distance, and time using the wind turbine model. Describe the roles and responsibilities of STEM professionals for high demand technological careers. © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.2 Sustainable Energy – Page 1 Essential Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is energy? Why do we need energy? Why is it important for engineers to know and understand the various forms of energy? What is the law of conservation? What is the difference between energy and power and how are they measured? If energy cannot be created or destroyed, why are we concerned about running out of energy? 7. What would be the benefits if humans used more renewable and inexhaustible forms of energy? 8. How much difference does replacing a regular light bulb with an energy saving bulb really make? Key Terms Biomass Plant materials and animal waste used especially as a source of fuel. Chemical Energy The potential energy locked within a system and released during a chemical reaction. Climate Change Any significant change in measures of climate, such as temperature, precipitation, or wind, lasting for an extended period of a decade or longer. Conservation The process of controlling resources; for example, limiting soil erosion, reducing sediment in waterways, conserving water, and improving water quality. Electrical Energy Energy associated with the flow of electrons. Energy The ability to do work; types include heat, light, sound, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, electrical. Exhaustible Energy Any source of energy that is limited and cannot be replaced when it is used, such as oil, coal, and natural gas. Fossil Fuel A natural fuel such as coal or gas formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. Geothermal Energy stored in the earth in the form of heat. Greenhouse Effect The phenomenon whereby the earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation, caused by the presence in the atmosphere of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that allow incoming sunlight to pass through but absorb heat radiated back from the earth's © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.2 Sustainable Energy – Page 2 surface. Heat (Thermal) Energy Energy in transit. Hydroelectric Energy The use of flowing water from waterfalls and dams to produce electricity. Hydrogen The first and simplest element on the periodic table. It is one of the most common elements in the galaxy. Inexhaustible Energy An energy source that will never run out. Kinetic Energy The energy possessed by a body as a result of its motion. Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. There is a fixed amount of energy present in different forms that can be converted from one form to another, but energy does not go away. Light (Radiant) Energy Energy visible to the eye. Mechanical Energy Energy produced by mechanical devices, such as gears, pulleys, levers, or internal combustion engines. Non-Renewable Energy A resource that cannot be replaced once used. Nuclear Energy The power of the atom. Photovoltaic Cell A device that converts light into electricity. Potential Energy The energy that a piece of matter has because of its position or nature or because of the arrangement of parts. Power The rate at which work is performed or energy is expended. Renewable Energy A resource that can be replaced when needed. Solar Energy Energy from the sun. Sustainable Refers to the use of resources in ways that prevent their being depleted or permanently damaged. Wind Energy Energy derived from wind by means of windmills or wind turbines. Wind Farm A collection of wind turbines used to create electricity. Wind Turbine A propeller driven by the wind and connected to a generator. The wind makes it turn the generator, which © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.2 Sustainable Energy – Page 3 produces electricity. Work A result of a force moving an object a certain distance. References Baine, C. (2008). Environmental engineering teacher’s guide. Pittsburg, KS: Pitsco, Inc. Baine, C. (2008). Sustainable energy engineering. Pittsburg, KS: Pitsco, Inc. California Energy Commission. (2009). The energy story. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http://energyquest.ca.gov Hacker, M., Burghardt, D., Fletcher, L., Gordon, A., Peruzzi, W., Prestopnik, R., & Qaissaunee, M. (2010). Engineering & technology. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage. International Technology Education Association. (2000). Standards for technological literacy. Reston, VA: ITEA. Litowitz, L. & Brown, R. (2007). Energy, power and transportation technology. Tinley Park, IL: The Goodheart-Wilcox Company, Inc. National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and International Reading Association (IRA). (1996). Standards for the English language arts. Newark, DE: IRA; Urbana, IL: NCTE. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM. National Research Council (NRC). (1996). National science education standards. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) (n.d.) New York energy $mart. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from www.getenergysmart.org. Rogers, G., Wright, M., & Yates, B. (2010). Gateway to engineering. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). (2009). Education and safety. Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http://www.smud.org/en/education-safety/Pages/index.aspx. Teach Engineering: Resources for K-12. (2009). A closer look at oil and energy consumption. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from www.teachengineering.org Union of Concerned Scientists, (2009), Environmental impacts of renewable energy technologies. Retrieved May 5, 2009, from http://www.ucsusa.org. Wentzell, T.H. (2004). Machine design. United States: Thomson Learning, Inc. Wright, R.T. (2004). Technology. Tinley Park, IL.: Goodheart-Wilcox Company, Inc. © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.2 Sustainable Energy – Page 4