Download Māori Style Guide

Māori Style Guide
Contents
What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4
New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4
Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5
About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5
Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5
Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5
Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 6
Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 7
Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7
Informative References ............................................................................................................. 7
Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 9
Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 9
Characters ................................................................................................................................ 9
Date .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Time ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 13
Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 18
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 19
Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 19
Articles .................................................................................................................................... 20
Capitalisation .......................................................................................................................... 20
Compounds............................................................................................................................. 21
Gender .................................................................................................................................... 21
Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 22
Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 22
Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 23
Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 23
Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 23
Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 25
Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 26
Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 26
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces........................................................................................... 26
Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 28
Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 28
Audience ................................................................................................................................. 28
Style ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 30
General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 30
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 30
Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 31
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 31
Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 32
Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 32
Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 32
Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 33
Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 33
Standardised Translations ...................................................................................................... 33
Unlocalised Items.................................................................................................................... 34
Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 36
Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 36
User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 36
Messages ................................................................................................................................ 37
Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 46
Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 46
What's New?
Last Updated: February 2011
The entire Style Guide has been reworked and modifications have been made to all sections.
Because of the new structure of this document, some sections of the previous Style Guide version had to be
moved to different topics.
New Topics
The following topics were added:

N/A
Updated Topics
The following topics were updated:

Recommended Reference Material section: additional items added

Measurement Units section updated in line with Te Reo Pāngarau (2010)
4
Introduction
This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove out-dated and unnecessary
content. It contains information pertaining to all Microsoft products and services.
About This Style Guide
The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localisation of Māori Microsoft products
with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than
those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context
based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be
localised.
The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as stylistic criteria. It also
presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a
revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardised, more structured,
and easier to use as a reference.
The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localise Microsoft products
and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us
your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page.
Scope of This Document
This Style Guide is intended for the localisation professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to
be a comprehensive coverage of all localisation practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference
or deviates from standard practices for Māori localisation.
Style Guide Conventions
In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct
translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples.
In Microsoft localisation context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g.
a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a
traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph.
References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements.
Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source
of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.
5
Sample Text
Te Mātātahi Pūmanawa Rau
Ka tae mai te rongo ki ō mātou taringa o Te Taura Whiri, e whakahaerehia ana tētahi pō, ā, ko te kaupapa o te
pō, ko te kōrero i te reo Māori. E whakahaeretia ana te pō e tētahi rōpū rangatahi i tētahi wāhi inuinu, tētahi wāhi
kanikani. Ka whakaaro mātou, me pēhea hoki e taea ai te rangatahi nei te kore e tautoko. Ka noho mātou ka
tatari kia tae mai te pō me tō mātou whakawhiti kōrero ka pēhea rā te āhua o te whakahaere i te pō. Kua
whakatau te hinengaro akene ka pēnei, akene ka pērā. Ka mea, ā, kua kainamu ki te ahiahi pō, kua horoia ngā
kokonga katoa, kua āta whakakākahu, kua haere.
E hoa mā, mārama ana te kite atu i te nui o te kaha i pau ki te whakatū i tēnā pō. Ko te tino mahi o te pō, ko te
whakamātau i te mōhio o te tangata ā-patapatai nei ki ngā momo kōrero katoa e pā ana ki te ao Māori, me te
tīmata mai i Ngā Mahi a ngā Tīpuna, ā, taka rawa mai ki tēnei rangi, tae atu ki te ao tākaro, ki te pātai anō hoki,
ko wai te Minita Māori. Kātahi nā te pātai uaua ko tēneki. I te wairua ngahau o te pō me te mahi a te hohehohe
me te pukukata, me whiri ngā waewae ki te pupuri i te mimi ka tika. Kua mataku hoki ki te haere ki te wharepaku,
kei mahue noa iho he kōrero. Heoi anō, ko te mea i tino ora ai te ngākau, ko te kaha o te ū o te katoa ki te reo
Māori.
I roto i ngā tau e whai ana au i tō tātou reo, ka mutu, kua hia kē ēnā tau, mai anō i haere ai au ki tētahi huihuinga
Māori tino kore nei i taumaha te noho, arā kē, ko te mutunga mai o te māmā. Mai anō i kite ai au i te tautoko a te
tuakana i te teina, a te teina i te tuakana, a te tāne i te wahine, a te wahine i te tāne, a te pakeke i te rangatahi, a
te rangatahi i te pakeke, a te iwi o mea i te iwi o mea, a te waka o mea i te waka o mea, kāore he tirotiro. Kātahi
nā te huihuinga i kotahi ai te whakaaro o te katoa ki te reo Māori, me te haere o tēnā pō i runga i te wairua
makoakoa, i te manaaki, me te poipoi tētahi i tētahi. Kei whea mai te pai o tēnā pō, te mutunga kē mai o te
pārekareka.
Ko te tino mea i ora ai te ngākau, ko te kite i te mahi a te mātātahi e ngākau nui ana ki tō tātou reo, ka mutu, kua
tahuri ki te pīkau i te wāhi ka taea e rātou, arā, e taki kaha ana ki te kawe i tō tātou reo ki ēnā momo kokonga o tō
tātou ao. Ko te mea e whai ana te hunga nei, kia kaua e noho mai tō tātou reo ki ngā marae anake, ki ngā momo
kura anake, ki ngā momo wānanga anake, engari me heri ki ngā wāhi katoa e haere ana tātou. E whakapono ana
au ki te pēnei tātou katoa huri i te motu, me te whai i runga i te whakaaro, kotahi tonu tō tātou reo, arā, ko te reo
Māori, kotahi tonu te iwi ka taea e rātou tēnei taonga te whakahoki mai ki te ora tūturu, arā ko te iwi Māori nui
tonu, kua whiwhi katoa ko ā tātou tamariki, ko ā tātou mokopuna, ā, haere ake nei. Ko te mātātahi ngā mātua o te
tau rua mano neke atu, ā, anei rā ēnei o tēnei pito o te motu e whakapau ana i o rātou kaha e ora tonu ai tō tātou
reo. He nui noa atu ngā take e whakamihia ai rātou engari ko te mea nui kē, anei rātou e mahi nei i tā rātou mahi
me te tawhiti noa atu o ētahi i ō rātou ū-kaipō i ō rātou whenua tipu. He uaua ka pēnei ana.
Nō reira kei te tamaiti, Atawhai, kōrua ko tō tuakana a Kōtuku, tae atu ki ō kōrua hoa ki a Holden, ki a Basil, ki a
Jason, ki a Daniel, ki a Julian, tae atu anō hoki ki te hunga i tae ake ki te tautoko i te pō, tēnā rawa atu koutou o
tēnā reanga i a koutou nā e kaha nei ki te kimi huarahi atu anō e noho mai ai tō tātou reo ki ngā kokonga katoa o
6
te mata o te whenua. E pupū ake ana te aroha ki a koutou, nā koutou hoki i whai hua katoa ai, i pārekareka katoa
ai te haere atu ki tā tātou pō. Kia ora rawa atu koutou, ngā kanohi o ō koutou kuia, o o koutou koroua, e
whakatinana tonu nei i a rātou i runga i te kaha, i runga i te mau tonu ki tēnei o ngā taonga i whakarērea iho ki a
tātou. E mihi kau ana, e mihi kau ana, kei te mātātahi pūmanawa rau.
Heoi anō e te iwi whānui, mēnā koutou ka hiahia whakatū pō pēnei mā koutou, e whakaae ana ngā tāhae nei kia
tonoa mai ngā rauemi katoa kua oti i a rātou te hanga hei āwhina i a koutou. Me whakapā atu ki a Atawhai Tibble,
# Te Tiriti o Princess, Newtown, Te Whanganui a Tara, +64 4 4710 244, ā, māna e whakamārama ka pēhea te
whakamahi i ēnei rauemi. He tika, he pono taku kōrero nei, ka nui te whai hua, ka pārekareka katoa koutou.
Nā Te Haumihiata Mason, He Muka 2000
I hangaia i te 21 Kohitātea 2007 i te 3:58 pm
Recommended Reference Material
Use the Māori language and terminology as described and used in the following publications.
Normative References
These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases.
When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the
Style Guide.
1. Microsoft Language Portal www.microsoft.com/language/en-us/default.aspx
2. Microsoft Glossary (2006) – Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori
3. Dictionary of the Māori Language (1971) – H.W. Williams
4. He Pātaka Kupu (2008) – Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori
5. Te Matatiki (1996) – Māori Language Commission
6. Ngā Aratohu Māori / Māori Orthographic Conventions (website of Te Taura Whiri)
7. Microsoft Māori Glossary (2005) – Wiha Te Raki Hāwea Stephens
Informative References
These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc.
1. English-Māori Dictionary (1993) – H.M. Ngata
2. Te Reo Pūtaiao – A Māori Language Dictionary of Science (2009) – He Kupenga Hao i te Reo
3. Te Reo Pāngarau – A Māori Language Dictionary of Mathematics (2010) – He Kupenga Hao i te Reo
4. A Dictionary of Māori Computer related terms (2006) – Karaitiana N. Taiuru
5. Reed Reference Grammar of the Māori Language (1997) – Winifred Bauer
6. A Māori Reference Grammar – Ray Harlow (2001)
7
7. Te Aka Māori-English, English-Māori Dictionary and Index (2005) – John C. Moorfield
8. Waka Reo http://www.reotupu.co.nz/wslivewakareo/default.aspx
8
Language Specific Conventions
This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Māori.
Country/Region Standards
Characters
Country/region
New Zealand
Lower-case characters
a, ā, e, ē, h, i, ī, k, m, n, ng, o, ō, p, r, t, u, ū, w, wh
Upper-case characters
A, Ā, E, Ē, H, I, Ī, K, M, N, NG, O, Ō, P, R, T, U, Ū, W, WH
Characters in caseless
scripts
n/a
Extended Latin characters
Ā, ā, Ē, ē, Ī, ī, Ō, ō, Ū, ū
Note on alphabetical order
Alphabetical order is similar to English, list micronised characters with nonmicronised characters in order i.e. ignore the macrons when putting in alphabetic
order. ―Ng‖ is not a separately coded character but words beginning with ―ng‖
follow those beginning with ―n‖ alone.
Total number of characters
20 (including micronised characters)
Unicode codes
a (0061); A (0041); ā (0101); Ā (0100); b (0062); B (0042); c (0063); C (0043); d
(0064); D (0044); e (0065); E (0045); ē (0113); Ē (0112); f (0066); F (0046); g
(0067); G (0047); h (0068); H (0048); i (0069); I (0049); ī (012B); Ī (012A); j
(006A); J (004A); k (006B); K (004B); l (006C); L (004C); m (006D); M (004D); n
(006E); N (004E); o (006F); O (004F); ō (014D); Ō (014C); p (0070); P (0050); q
(0071); Q (0051); r (0072); R (0052); s (0073); S (0053); t (0074); T (0054); u
(0075); U (0055); ū (016B); Ū (016A); v (0076); V (0056); w (0077); W (0057); x
(0078); X (0058); y (0079); Y (0059); z (007A); Z (005A)
Notes
n/a
Date
Country/region
New Zealand (Aotearoa)
Calendar/Era
Gregorian
First Day of the Week
Rāhina (Hi)
9
Country/region
New Zealand (Aotearoa)
First Week of the Year
Week containing 1/1 is the first week of that year.
Separator
―:‖
Default Short Date
Format
d/M/yyyy
Example
17/3/2011
Default Long Date Format dddd, d MMMM yyyy
Example
Rāpare, 17 Poutū te rangi 2011
Additional Short Date
Format 1
d/M/yy
Example
17/3/11
Additional Short Date
Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Long Date
Format 1
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Long Date
Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
Leading Zero in Day Field
for Short Date Format
no
Leading Zero in Month
Field for Short Date
Format
no
No. of digits for year for
Short Day Format
4
Leading Zero in Day Field
for Long Date Format
n/a
Leading Zero in Month
Field for Long Date
Format
n/a
Number of digits for year
4
10
Country/region
New Zealand (Aotearoa)
for Long Day Format
Date Format for
Correspondence
Example
Notes
d MMMM yyyy
17 Poutū te rangi 2011
n/a
d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd =
digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name)
Abbreviations in Format
Codes
M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading
zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full
name)
y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits)
Time
Country/region
New Zealand (Aotearoa)
24 hour format
No
Standard time format
HH:mm:ss
Standard time format
example
―03:24:12‖
Time separator
Colon ―:‖
Time separator examples
03:24:12
Hours leading zero
Yes
Hours leading zero example
03:24:12
String for AM designator
i te ata
String for PM designator
i te ahiahi
Notes
n/a
11
Days
Country/region: New Zealand (Aotearoa)
Day
Normal Form
Abbreviation
Monday
Rāhina
Hi
Tuesday
Rātū
Tū
Wednesday
Rāapa
Apa
Thursday
Rāpare
Pā
Friday
Rāmere
Me
Saturday
Rāhoroi
Ho
Sunday
Rātapu
Ta
First Day of Week: Rāhina
Is first letter capitalised?: Yes
Notes: n/a
Months
Country/region: New Zealand
Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
January
Kohitātea
Kohi
Kohitātea
February
Huitanguru
Hui
Huitanguru
March
Poutū te rangi
Pou
Poutū te rangi
April
Paengawhāwhā
Pae
Paengawhāwhā
May
Haratua
Hara
Haratua
June
Pipiri
Pipi
Pipiri
July
Hōngongoi
Hōngo
Hōngongoi
August
Hereturikōkā
Here
Hereturikōkā
September
Mahuru
Mahu
Mahuru
October
Whiringa ā-nuku
Nuku
Whiringa ā-nuku
November
Whiringa ā-rangi
Rangi
Whiringa ā-rangi
December
Hakihea
Haki
Hakihea
12
Is first letter capitalised?: Yes
Notes: n/a
Numbers
Numbers beginning with kotahi, tekau or toko- must not be preceded by ―e‖.
Examples: (+) ēnei rorohiko e toru
(+) ngā tamariki tokoono
(+) ngā pūkete tekau mā rua
(-) e tekau mā rua aku tuāhine
Phone Numbers
Country/
region
International
Dialling
Code
Area
Codes
Used?
Number of
Digits – Area
Codes
Separator
Number of
Digits –
Domestic
Digit
Groupings –
Domestic
New
Zealand
64
yes
1; 2
‗-‗
9
(##) ### ####
Country/
region
Number of
Digits –
Local
Digit
Groupings
– Local
Number of
Digits – Mobile
Digit
Groupings –
Mobile
Number of
Digits –
International
Digit
Groupings –
International
New
Zealand
7
### ####
9-11
(###) ###
#####
14
0064 ## ####
####
(###) ###
####
(###) ###
###
Notes: n/a
Addresses
Country/region: New Zealand (Aotearoa)
Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as
fictitious information.
Address Format:
1. [Title/Honorific] FirstName LastName
2. [CompanyName]
13
3. Address1
4. [Address2]
5.Suburb[PostalCode] + City
6. Country
Example Address:
Matua Hone Mete
Mahia Te Mahi
5 Te Tiriti o Horomana
Pouaka Poutāpeta 1234
Tawa 5249, Te Whanganui a Tara
AOTEAROA
Local Postal Code Format: xxxx
Notes: n/a
Currency
Country/region
New Zealand (Aotearoa)
Currency Name
dollar / tāra
Currency Symbol
$
Currency Symbol Position
Precedes amount
Positive Currency Format
$12,345.67
Negative Sign Symbol
―( )‖
Negative Currency Format
($12,345.67)
Decimal Symbol
―.‖
Number of Digits after Decimal
2
Digit Grouping Symbol
―,‖
Number of Digits in Digit
Grouping
3
Positive Currency Example
$123,456,789.10
Negative Currency Example
($123,456,789.10)
ISO Currency Code
NZD
Currency Subunit Name
cent / hēneti
Currency Subunit Symbol
c
Currency Subunit Example
20 c
14
Digit Groups
Country/region: New Zealand (Aotearoa)
Decimal Separator: ―.‖
Decimal Separator Description: full-stop
Decimal Separator Example: 123.45
Thousand Separator: ―,‖
Thousand Separator Description: comma
Thousand Separator Example: 12,345
Notes: n/a
Measurement Units
Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes
Temperature: Celsius
Category
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Linear Measure
Kilometer
Manomita (Kiromita)
km
Meter
Mita
m
Decimeter
Tehimita
dm
Centimeter
Mitarau (Henemita)
cm
Millimeter
Mitamano (Mirimita)
mm
Hectoliter
Heketōrita
hl
Liter
Rita
l
Deciliter
Tehirita
dl
Centiliter
Ritarau (Henerita)
cl
Milliliter
Ritamano (Miririta)
ml
Ton
Tana
t
Kilogram
Manokaramu
(Kirokaramu)
kg
Pound
Pauna
lb
Gram
Karamu
g
Decigram
Tehikaramu
dg
Capacity
Mass
15
Category
English Units of
Measurement
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Centigram
Karamurau (Henekaramu)
cg
Milligram
Karamumano
(Mirikaramu)
mg
Inch
Īnihi
″
Feet
Putu
′
Mile
Maero
m
Gallon
Karana
g
Notes: n/a
Percentages
Both % (60%) and ōrau (60 ōrau) are used in Māori.
Sorting
Sorting rules
1. Capital letters and lowercase letters are equal. Distinction is not made between them.
2. The extended characters Ā, ā, Ē, ē, Ī, ī, Ō, ō, Ū, ū are treated as separate letters of the
alphabet.
3. The Characters Ä, ä, Ë, ë, Ï, ï, Ö, ö and Ü, ü are sorted as variants of Ā, ā, Ē, ē, Ī, ī, Ō, ō, Ū,
ū
4. Other accented characters are equal with non-accented characters; so é and e are equal.
5. Non-alphabetical characters (i.e. symbols like @ ! #) sort before the letters of the alphabet.
6. Digits sort after the non-alphabetical characters and before the letters of the alphabet.
7. Double a (aa, Aa, AA, aA) sorts as Ā, most of the time, however there are times when they
really are double characters.
8. ―Ng‖ is treated as a separate letter for alphabetical sequence and follows words beginning
with ―n‖ alone.
Character
sorting order
a (97); A (65); ā (257); Ā (256); b (98); B (66); c (99); C (67); d (100); D (68); e (101); E (69); ē
(275); Ē (274); f (102); F (70); g (103); G (71); h (104); H (72); i (105); I (73); ī (299); Ī (298); j
(106); J (74); k (107); K (75); l (108); L (76); m (109); M (77); n (110); N (78); o (111); O (79); ō
(333); Ō (332); p (112); P (80); q (113); Q (81); r (114); R (82); s (115); S (83); t (116); T (84); u
(117); U (85); ū (363); Ū (362); v (118); V (86); w (119); W (87); x (120); X (88); y (121); Y (89);
z (122); Z (90)
Examples of
sorted words
@
1
ahau
ātete
16
eke
ēnei
hahae
hāruru
heipū
Ingarihi
ipurangi
irāmutu
kahawai
Kaikōura
kākāriki
koha
kōhanga
mahue
manaaki
māpuna
muramura
nunui
nūpepa
ngā
ngahoro
ngoio
ngōio
oho
Ohoata
ōwehenga
paihikara
panoni
pānui
poraka
pōrakaraka
Rakatūwhenua
rākau
ruri
rūri
taiapa
tatau
tātau
tātāu
totoka
umere
uruuruwhenua
uruwhenua
17
wānanga
wīwī
whai
whaiā
whakaaro
whakaea
Whangārei
whāmamao
Geopolitical Concerns
Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While
the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the
localised product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region.
Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in
any of the following:

Maps

Flags

Country/region, city and language names

Art and graphics
 Cultural content, such as encyclopaedia content and other text where historical or political references
may occur
Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localiser to always
have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and
regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language
names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved.
A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of
cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures.
Guideline
As country/region and city names can change, please use the most up-to-date Māori list for every release of your
product.
18
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions
This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Māori language to Microsoft products
and documentation.
Adjectives
In Māori, adjectives generally follow the noun they modify.
Where there are two or more adjectives modifying a word, the noun may be repeated or the second adjective
followed by ―hoki‖.
Example:
This is a secure private list
(+) Ko tēnei he rārangi tūmataiti, he haumaru hoki
Possessive adjectives
Possessives should be in the neutral form (e.g. taku, tō, tana) unless the situation calls for a more formal tone e.g.
(+) He aha tāu hei mahi mā te ruānuku?
English tends to use the possessive ―their‖ after a singular noun to avoid the use of ―his/her‖. In Māori, the
singular pronoun should be used in such cases, since it refers to either male or female.
Example:
To start an activity, select a contact or enter their email address in the results list.
(-) Hei tīmata hohenga, tīpakohia tētahi hoapā, tāuru rānei ā rātou wāhitau ī-mēra ki te rārangi hua.
(+) Hei tīmata hohenga, tīpakohia tētahi hoapā, tāuru rānei tana wāhitau ī-mēra ki te rārangi hua.
Unlocalised Feature Names
Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the
English language and in Māori.
Example:
(+) Ki te tāpiri tangata koe ki Messenger, ka noho anō ia hei wāhi o tō whatunga i Windows Live.
Localised Feature Names
Translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in Māori
Example:
(+) Tangohia ngā tautuhinga Hotmail a tō tamaiti mai i Haumaru Whānau
(+) Āwhinatia te whakapai ake i Hanga Whitiāhua Windows Live
19
Articles
This section deals with articles for product and feature names.
Articles For Unlocalised Feature Names
Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the
English language as well as in the Māori language. They are treated as proper names.
Example:
(+) Ngā painga a Active Desktop
Localised Feature Names
Translated feature names are used with a definite or indefinite article as they are not treated as proper names.
Example:
(+) Whakatuwheratia te Kaiwhakahaere Tūmahi.
Capitalisation
In almost all cases the capitalisation used for Māori should be consistent with the English capitalisation used.
The correct and consistent use of capitals is very important as it determines the use or omission of passive
suffixes with direct objects
Use the Upper Case whenever it occurs in the English text.
When an English Upper Case Term requires more than one Māori word, use Upper Case for both letters of the
Māori word
Example:
Retry
(+) Ngana Anō
Data Source
(+) Puna Raraunga
Recover
(+) Whakaora
AutoSave
(+) TiakiAunoa
Changes
(+) Ngā Huringa
Note:
Please ensure in particular that in commands, if English uses capitals the Māori should also be capitalised and
the passive command used.
Example:
Save Movie
(+) Tiaki Whitiāhua
20
BUT:
Save movie
(+) Tiakina te whitiāhua
IMPORTANT NOTE:
Please note that in localised Māori texts, ―Yes‖ is translated by ―Āe‖ and ―OK‖ by ―ĀE‖. The capitalisation of the
Māori word is therefore most important in this case.
Yes
(+) Āe
OK
(+) ĀE
Do not capitalise a word in Māori simply because it appears as the first word of a bullet point, phrase or sentence
in English.
Example:
Log file
(+) Kōnae rangitaki
(-) Kōnae Rangitaki
Long file name
(+) Ingoa kōnae roa
(-) Ingoa kōnae Roa
Compounds
Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long or complex compounds
should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue.
Compound words in Māori follow Māori rules i.e. the qualifier follows the noun.
Example:
The DirectShow audio
(+) Te ororongo WhakaatuTorotika
AutoSave
(+) TiakiAunoa
Gender
Since the gender of pronouns in Māori is neutral, there is no need to replicate such constructions as ―him/her‖,
―his/her‖. Simply use ―ia‖, ―tana‖.
Do not use rātou for ―their‖ when the source English text refers to only one person.
Example: A person and their home. (+) Te tangata me tōna whare
(-) Te tangata me ō rātou whare
21
Genitive
For the use of a/o, nā/nō etc, refer to Harlow‘s Māori Reference Grammar (5.3.3 ff) and other standard Māori
grammar reference sources.
Note that for the possessive pronouns the macron is used as follows:
Example:
(+) Tirohia ā rātou mahi.
BUT
(+) Tirohia a rātou.
Note the use in English of the possessive marker (‗s) in such phrases as:
{0}'s Reports
(+) Ngā Pūrongo a {0}
Modifiers
This section does not apply to Māori.
Nouns
General considerations
It is often preferable to render English phrases such as ―Opening files is easy‖ by a noun construction in Māori.
Example:
Opening files is easy
(+) He ngāwari te whakatuwhera kōnae.
Inflection
There are no grammatical inflections in nouns in Māori except in the plural form, see Plural Formation below.
Plural Formation
The only grammatical inflections in nouns in Māori are in those words with a different plural form:
wahine/wāhine; tangata/tāngata; matua/mātua; tuahine/tuāhine; tuakana/tuākana; teina/tēina; tipuna/tīpuna;
tamaiti/tamariki.
22
Prepositions
Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many
translators omit them or change the word order.
See Harlow‘s Māori Reference Grammar page 76 ff for information on prepositions in Māori, and Bauer‘s Reed
Reference Grammar (pp. 173-259).
Avoid the use of ―i roto i/o‖ to translate ―in‖ when simply ―i te‖ or ―ki te‖ will do.
Example:
(-) Whakautua ngā pātai i roto i te reo Māori
(+) Whakautua ngā pātai ki te reo Māori
Pronouns
Since the gender of pronouns in Māori is neutral, there is no need to replicate such constructions as ―him/her‖,
―his/her‖ or ―their‖. Simply use ―ia‖, ―tana‖.
Example:
Each translator has his/her own way of working or Each translator has their own way of working
(+) Kei a ia kaiwhakamāori tana ake tikanga mahi.
(-) Kei a ia kaiwhakamāori ā rātou ake tikanga mahi.
Note that for the possessive pronouns the macron is used as follows:
Example:
(+) Tirohia ā rātou mahi.
BUT for the personal pronoun:
(+) Tirohia a rātou.
Punctuation
For detailed guidelines to Māori spelling conventions and punctuation, see the website of Te Taura Whiri i te Reo:
http://www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz/english/pub_e/conventions.shtml
Comma
No special rules different from English but note that ―arā‖ and ―ā‖ usually take a comma before and after:
Example:
(+) Whakamahia te momo kōnae tika, arā, pdf, xls rānei.
(+) Ka tae mātau ki te marae, ā, ka tū ka tatari.
23
Colon
Use colons to introduce lists and explanations.
Do not capitalise the word following a colon unless (1) the colon is at the end of a heading or (2) the text following
the colon is a complete quotation.
Example:
(+) Kua whakatuwheratia ngā kōnae e rua: te kōnae pdf me te kōnae xls.
(+) Tuhipoka: Pāwhiritia te pātene Haere Tonu kia tīmata.
(+) Hei tauira: Ko te kai a te rangatira he kōrero.
Dashes and Hyphens
Three different dash characters are used in English:
Hyphen
The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to connect the parts
of an inverted or imperative verb form. Do not use hyphens in Māori to link adjectival or adverbial constructions
simply to replicate English hyphenation.
Example:
Inset top-left
(-) Kōkuhu runga-mauī
(+) Kōkuhu runga mauī
En Dash
The en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after.
The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around
the en dash in this case.
Example:
(+) Whārangi 5-6
(+) Ngā tau 2009-2010
Em Dash
In (US) English the em dash is used to emphasise an isolated element or introduce an element that is not
essential to the meaning conveyed by the sentence.
Do not replicate this style in Māori.
Example:
New computer software—even when purchased online—should be checked for bugs.
In Māori use a hyphen or En dash with a single space before and after.
Example:
(+) Kāore i ārikarika ngā momo manu e noho ana ki a Aotearoa – he nui ake i te rua mano.
24
Ellipses (Suspension Points)
The ellipsis is a triple-dot punctuation mark (…), which is also called a suspension point.
Ellipses tend to apply to a colloquial register and wherever possible should be avoided in the Microsoft context.
Period
Insert only one space after a period.
Generally follow the English use of the period in Māori. In bullet point lists make sure that the use of the period at
the end of each line is consistent. English often uses a period only for the last one of a series of bullet points. This
style can be followed in Māori.
Quotation Marks
Use exactly as used in English.
Parentheses
In Māori, as in English, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them.
Example:
(+) Whakamahia tēnei wāhi (mēnā e wātea ana) kia whakaaturia ngā kupu tika.
Singular & Plural
Definite Article - Singular
Don‘t use ―Te‖ or ―te‖ before Upper Case Terms:
Example:
Delete File
(+) Muku Kōnae
(-) Muku Te Kōnae
Use the singular definite article ―te‖ with passive verb construction in lower case strings when the English uses
―the‖, and when it is omitted but implied.
Example:
Delete the file
(+) Mukua te kōnae
Delete file
(+) Mukua te kōnae
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Definite Article – Plural
Use the plural definite article ―Ngā‖ before upper case terms to indicate plurality. While the article may be omitted
in the singular, plural nouns must be marked in Māori by ―Ngā‖ or ―ngā‖.
Example:
Account
(+) Pūkete
Accounts
(+) Ngā Pūkete
Delete Files
(+) Muku Ngā Kōnae
Use the plural definite article ―ngā‖ in lower case strings when the English uses ―the‖ (plural), and when it is
omitted but implied.
Example:
Delete the files
(+) Mukua ngā kōnae
Delete files
(+) Mukua ngā kōnae
Split Infinitive
This section does not apply to Māori.
Subjunctive
This section does not apply to Māori.
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces
Replicate symbols from English text. Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‘t be
localised. A list of Microsoft trademarks is available for your reference at the following location:
http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm
In HTML coding, the non-breaking space ( ) is a character entity which can create white space between
words or web page elements, or stop the browser from breaking a line in the wrong place.
Example for preventing a line break with a non-breaking space:
(+) Hepi Te Heuheu
Non-breaking spaces ( ) should only be used whenever they are present also in the US text. Otherwise it is
recommended to use a blank space as non-breaking spaces can create functionality problems.
26
Syntax
If there is a more idiomatic way of structuring a given sentence, use the natural Māori word order instead of
translating word by word, as long as the key message is conveyed.
Some examples of ways in which syntax may differ between Māori and English:
The word ―You‖ does not always have to be specified.
Example
You are connected to the internet
(+) Kua honoa (koe) ki te ipurangi.
When you are done reviewing this document
(+) Kia mutu te arotake i tēnei tuhinga
Passive constructions are used more frequently in Māori than in English.
Example:
Hōne edited the text.
(+) I whakatikaia e Hōne ngā kōrero
Use the passive verb form in lower case commands before a direct object
Example
Delete the files that you….
(+) Mukua ngā kōnae……….
To translate ―and/or‖ use ―hoki/rānei‖ at the end of the phrase.
Example:
(+) Whakarārangitia ngā pūkete, ngā pūtea hoki/rānei.
Verbs
Frequentative Verbal Form
Use the /Verb + ai/ form to indicate frequent or habitual action
Infinitive Verb in Commands
Use the infinitive verb form in upper case commands before a direct object
e.g. Delete File
(+) Muku Kōnae
e.g. Delete Files
(+) Muku Ngā Kōnae
Passive Verb in Commands
Use the passive verb form in lower case commands before a direct object
e.g. Delete the files that you…. (+) Mukua ngā kōnae……….
27
Avoid /Infinitive Verb + i + direct object/ in lower case commands
e.g. Delete the files that……….. (-) Muku i ngā kōnae
When ―me‖ is used as a command it should not be followed by the passive form of the verb.
Example:
(-) Me tiakina ngā kōnae.
(+) Me tiaki ngā kōnae OR (+) Me tiaki i ngā kōnae.
Continuous operations are usually expressed in English as follows:
Rewinding tape... Translate as: (+) Whakahoki rīpene ana...
Saving file...
Translate as: (+) Tiaki kōnae ana...
Word Order
Follow natural and clear Māori word order, regardless of original English.
To translate ―and/or‖ use ―hoki/rānei‖ at the end of the phrase.
Example:
(+) Whakarārangitia ngā pūkete, ngā pūtea hoki/rānei.
Style and Tone Considerations
This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice.
Audience
A product may be targeted at individual consumers, businesses, or internet audiences. When localizing a product,
please always keep in mind the target user audience and address the intended user with the appropriate tone and
level of grammar and formality, as well as reading level (e.g. technical register for IT professionals, children‘s
register for children).
Regardless of the level of formality or informality of the source text, the key consideration in Māori should be to
make the text sound natural and clear, following the natural sentence structures of Māori, while at the same time
using the standard terminology consistently.
Example:
Other programs can use BlogThis to start {0} to create blog posts from selected content. For example, you can
create a post from a web browser containing content from a webpage.
(+) Ka taea e ētahi atu papatono te whakamahi BlogThis kia tīmata a {0} hei waihanga tukunga rangitaki mai i te
ihirangi i tīpakohia. Hei tauira, ka taea te waihanga tukunga mai i tētahi pūtiro tukutuku whai ihirangi mai i tētahi
whārangi tukutuku.
28
Style
Passive constructions tend to be used more frequently in Māori than in English.
Example:
Don't save changes
(?) Kaua e tiaki ngā huringa
(+) Kaua e tiakina ngā huringa
Tone
The tone should be respectful and semi-formal with the main emphasis on clarity.
Example:
(+) E haere ana koe ki te aha?
(-) He aha tāu e haere nā?
Voice
Always address the reader as ―koe‖, but note that in Māori ―you‖ does not always have to be specified.
Example:
You are now connected to the Internet.
(+) Kua honoa ki te ipurangi ināianei.
29
Localization Guidelines
This section contains guidelines for localisation into Māori.
General Considerations
When localizing elements in Māori, keep in mind the fact that software and help documents, for example,
shouldn‘t necessarily be handled in the same way. Always take into account the purpose of the text that is being
translated.
Abbreviations
Common Abbreviations
You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space.
Abbreviations are only used for months and days.
Use the following Māori abbreviations
Days of the Month
Mon
Tue
Hi
Tū
Wed
Thu
Apa
Pa
Fri
Me
Sat
Ho
Sun
Ta
Months of the Year
Jan
Kohi
Feb
Hui
Mar
Pou
Apr
Pae
May
Hara
Jun
Pipi
Jul
Hōngo
Aug
Here
Sep
Mahu
Oct
Nuku
30
Nov
Rangi
Dec
Haki
Don‘t abbreviate such words as ―hei tauira‖ for ― e.g.‖
Use ―arā‖ for ―i.e.‖
Accessibility
Microsoft provides people with disabilities with more accessible products and services. Accessibility options and
programs are designed to make the computer usable by people with cognitive, hearing, physical, or visual
disabilities.
Hardware and software components engage a flexible, customisable user interface, alternative input and output
methods, and greater exposure of screen elements. Some accessible products and services may not be available
in New Zealand. Please double-check with the appropriate resources.
Acronyms
Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples
are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random
Access Memory). Use Māori forms or create Māori forms. Ensure that you are not using a form already used.
Example:
PIN (personal identification number - tau tāututanga whaiaro) = (+) TTW
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy - Tūmataitinga Taurite Whaiaho) = (+) TūTW
If the form has been used, find an alternative close to what would have been used like the above example where
the ‗ū‘ has been included to differentiate the TūTW form from the TTW form.
Localised Acronyms
List of common acronyms:
CD – KK (Kōpae Kiato)
Cc – P (Pānui)
Bcc – Ph (Pānui huna)
RAM – PUT (Pūmahara Uru Tupurangi)
DVD – KAM (Kōpae Ataata Mamati)
ID – TT (Tau Tāututanga)
PC – RW (Rorohiko Whaiaro)
31
Unlocalised Acronyms
The following are not localised:
IM, URL
Applications, Products, and Features
Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely
translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any
application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way.
Note: Mistakes with product names and trademarking are considered Sev 1 accuracy errors.
Frequent Errors
The most frequent error noted by reviewers is the failure to use a passive verb in commands with a direct object
when text is lower case.
Example:
Create filters
(-) Waihanga ngā tātari
(+) Waihangatia ngā tātari
Similarly, the rule that fully capitalised commands in English should be replicated in Māori is often not followed.
Example:
Create Filter
(+) Waihanga Tātari
Create Filters
(+) Waihanga Ngā Tātari
Glossaries
See Recommended Reference Material listed above.
You can find the translations of terms and UI elements of Microsoft products at Microsoft Language Portal
(http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Default.aspx).
32
Fictitious Information
Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localisation
issue. Below is some basic information and contact points when dealing with fictitious content:
Vendors and Localisers are not allowed to create their own fictitious names. You must either use the source
names or use the list of legally approved names.
Please contact your product team representative for further information on how to deal with fictitious companies,
names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, etc. in your product. For technical products, you may also
check with the product team representative whether localised fictitious content is required or not (e.g. Visual
Studio).
Recurring Patterns
The following phrase appears many times and should be standardised as follows:
… and try again
(+) … ka ngana anō
Please try again later. (+) Ngana anō ā muri ake.
Standardised Translations
The following terms have standard translations in Māori:
Product name is localised in Māori
Translation
Windows Live Movie Maker
(+) Hanga Whitiāhua Windows Live
Windows Live Family Safety
(+) Haumaru Whānau Windows Live
Windows Live Sign-in Assistant
(+) Kaiāwhina Takiuru Windows Live
Windows Live Events
(+) Ngā Takahanga Windows Live
Windows Live Home
(+) Kāinga Windows Live
Windows Live Framelt
(+) Taparehia Windows Live
Windows Live Writer
(+) Kaituhi Windows Live
Windows Live Toolbar
(+) Paeutauta Windows Live
Windows Live Sync
(+) Tukutahi Windows Live
Windows Live Spaces
(+) Ngā Mokowā Windows Live
33
Product name is localised in Māori
Translation
Windows Live Photo Gallery
(+) Taiwhanga Whakaahua Windows Live
Windows Live Mail
(+) Mēra Windows Live
Windows Live Groups
(+) Ngā Rōpū Windows Live
Windows Live Essentials
(+) Ngā Tino Windows Live
Windows Live Contacts
(+) Ngā Hoapā Windows Live
Windows Live Call
(+) Waea Windows Live
Windows Live Calendar
(+) Maramataka Windows Live
Windows Live Alerts
(+) Ngā Matohi Windows Live
Windows Live Devices
(+) Ngā Pūrere Windows Live
Windows Live Documents
(+) Ngā Tuhinga Windows Live
There are a number of other standardised translations mentioned in sections of this Style Guide. In order to find
them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for you reference.
Country/Region Standards: currency, numbers, dates, etc.
Abbreviations: list of common abbreviations
Unlocalised Items
Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‘t be localised. A list of Microsoft trademarks is
available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm.
The following terms are not localised in Māori.
Product name must not be translated
Comment
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft FrontPage
Microsoft InfoPath
Microsoft Office
Microsoft Office Document Imaging
Microsoft Office Live Meeting
Microsoft Office Picture Manager
34
Product name must not be translated
Comment
Microsoft Office System
Microsoft OneNote
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft PhotoDraw
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Project
Microsoft Publisher
Microsoft Visio
Microsoft Word
Or any variations such as Microsoft Office Access
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft FrontPage
Microsoft InfoPath
Microsoft Office
Microsoft Office Document Imaging
Microsoft Office Live Meeting
Microsoft Office Picture Manager
Microsoft Office System
Microsoft OneNote
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft PhotoDraw
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Project
Microsoft Publisher
Microsoft Visio
Microsoft Word
Or any variations such as Microsoft Office Access
Windows Live Messenger
Windows Live SkyDrive
35
Product name must not be translated
Comment
Windows Live Hotmail
Using the Word Microsoft
Do not use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft.
Example:
Please tell Microsoft about this problem.
(+) Whakamōhiotia a Microsoft mō tēnei raru.
Please see more information about using the word Microsoft for Windows Live here.
Software Considerations
This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently
translated in the localised product.
Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface
guidelines (English).
User Interface




Typically, commands and menu items should be verbs or start with a verb.
Commands and menu items can have more than one word but should be kept as short as possible
Start with a capital letter, follow English formatting, articles should be lower case.
Passive Verb in Commands
Use the passive verb form in lower case commands before a direct object
e.g. Delete the files that you…. (+) Mukua ngā kōnae……….
Avoid /Infinitive Verb + i + direct object/ in lower case commands
e.g. Delete the files that……….. (-) Muku i ngā kōnae.


Use consistent terminology
If the English term is capitalised, use the infinitive form of the verb
e.g. Delete Files
(+) Muku Ngā Kōnae

If the English term is lower case use the passive form of the verb
e.g. Delete the files (+) Mukua ngā kōnae
36
Messages
Different types of messages can appear on screen and should be handled according to their function.
Status Messages
What is a Status Bar Message?
A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as
about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window
when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar
messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below).
Māori Style in Status bar Messages
In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In
Māori, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below.
Name
Edit
Copy to
Folder...
New
Māori Name
(+) Whakatika
Category
English Status Bar
message
Māori Status Bar
message
menu
Contains editing commands
(+) He tono whakatika kei
roto
menu
Copies the selected items to
a new location
(+) Tāruatia ai ngā tuemi
kua tīpakohia ki tētahi atu
wāhitau
command
Creates a new document
(+) He hanga tuhinga hōu
Make object visible?
(+) Whakaaria mai te
ahanoa?
(+) Tārua ki te Kōpaki
(+) Hōu
Word is converting the
document. Press Esc to
stop.
(+) E tahuri ana a Word i
te tuhinga.
Datasheet View
(+) Tirohanga
Pēhia te Esc kia tāpu.
37
Name
Māori Name
Category
English Status Bar
message
Māori Status Bar
message
Rauraraunga
Done
(+) Kua oti
The importance of standardisation
In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same
meaning. Try to avoid this in the localised Māori version. Use one standard translation as in the examples below:
English term
Correct Māori translation
Press F1 to get Help
(+) He whiwhi āwhina pēhia F1.
If you want Help press F1
To get Help press F1
Not enough memory
(+) He iti rawa te pūmahara
Insufficient memory
There is not enough memory
Error Messages
What Is An Error Message?
Here is an example:
Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that
must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to
take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer.
Māori Style in Error Messages
It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localised error messages, and not just
translate as they appear in the US product.
38
Example:
The video has been blocked by the content owner.
(+) Kua āraia te ataata e te kaipupuri ihirangi.
Standard Phrases in Error Messages
When translating standard phrases, standardise. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the
same thing.
Examples:
English
Translation
Cannot …
Kāore e taea…
Could not …
Kāore i taea…
I hapa te…
Failed to …
Failure of …
Nā te hapa o…
Unable to find …
(+) I hapa te ākiri
whakamaumahara.
(+) Ka kino pea te kōnae
taketake nā te hapa kōpae
tino nui.
Kāore i kitea
He iti rawa te pūmahara
(+) Kāore e taea te tango i
te rongoa nā te mea he iti
rawa te pūmahara, kāore
rānei āu mana.
Kāore e wātea ana
(+) Kāore e wātea ana
ēnei kōwhiringa Paewhiri
Mana
Unable to locate …
Comment
(+) Kāore e taea te
whakahaere i te Rūānuku
Tatū Whatunga i te
pūnaha mahi o tēnei
rorohiko.
(+) Kāore a Outlook i taea
te tono mō tētahi rīhīti
S/MIME nā te mea kāore i
kitea tētahi wāhitau SMTP
mōu.
Cannot find …
Could not find …
Example
Not enough memory
Insufficient memory
There is not enough memory
There is not enough memory
available
... is not available
... is unavailable
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Error Messages Containing Placeholders
When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is
necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase.
Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below:
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number>
%c means <letter>
%s means <string>
Examples of error messages containing placeholders:
"Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>".
"INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section".
Example:
{0} is processing your uploaded video.\r\nThis might take a while.
E tukatuka ana a {0} i tō ataata tukuatu.\r\nKa hia pea te wā mo tēnei.
Keys
The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency,
most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys,
key combinations and key sequences.
In Māori, as in English, references to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in
normal text (not in small caps).
On the first mention, use the definite article and "pātuhi" in conjunction with the key name, for example, "te pātuhi
HŌNEA". On all subsequent references, refer to the key only by its name, for example, "Pāwhiritia HŌNEA ".
Use ―pātuhi‖, as in the first example below, if the key name appears alone in the sentence and the actual key
name does not appear on the keyboard. In the second example, the name ALT appears on the key of the
keyboard, so you don't need to follow it with ―pātuhi‖. Example three deals with a procedure involving the pressing
of two or more keys simultaneously; note that you are not using the word Pātuhi in this case.
Examples:
(+) Whakamahia te pātuhi MANA mēnā kāore e taea e koe te mahi nei.
(+) Pāwhiritia ALT.
(+) Pāwhiritia ALT+O.
The following key names have been approved for use in Microsoft Windows text.
Key Name
Māori
ALT
ALT
40
Key Name
Māori
BREAK
--
CAPS LOC
PŪMATUA MAU
CTRL
MANA
DEL
MUKU
END
--
ENTER
TĀURU
ESC
HŌNEA
HELP
ĀWHINA
HOME
KĀINGA
INS
KŌKUHU
NUM LOCK
--
OPTION
KŌWHIRI
PAGE DOWN
HEKE WHĀRANGI
PAGE UP
PIKI WHĀRANGI
PAUSE
--
PRINT SCREEN
TĀ MATA
RETURN (key pad)
--
SCROLL LOCK
MAU PANUKU
SHIFT
NEKE
SPACEBAR
PAEMOKOWĀ
TAB
RIPA
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Access Keys/Hot keys
Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters
refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly.
Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
"Slim characters", such as I, t, r can
be used as hot keys
yes
Characters with downstrokes, such
as g and p can be used as hotkeys
yes
Please avoid setting hot keys on
letters with downstrokes like g and
p. Only use them if no other letter
is available.
Extended characters (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū)
can be used as hotkeys
yes
Please avoid setting hot keys on
letters with accents like ē, ā, ō.
Only use them if no other letter is
available.
An additional letter, appearing
between brackets after item name,
can be used as hotkeys
yes
A number, appearing between
brackets after item name, can be
used as hotkey
yes
A punctuation sign, appearing
between brackets after item name,
yes
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Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
can be used as hotkey
Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when
no other character is available
yes
No hotkey is assigned when no more
characters are available (minor
options only)
yes
Additional notes: n/a
Arrow Keys
The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input
focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control.
Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behaviour within a group. Users can't navigate out of a
control group using arrow keys.
Numeric Keypad
It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by
a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations.
Shortcut Keys
Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software
application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes given next to the command they
represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys
can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen.
Standard Shortcut Keys
There are no standard translations for Shortcut Keys yet.
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Māori
Command
Māori
Shortcut key
General Windows Shortcut keys
Help window
F1
Help window
F1
Context-sensitive Help
Shift+F1
Context-sensitive Help
Shift+F1
Display pop-up menu
Shift+F10
Display pop-up menu
Shift+F10
Cancel
Esc
Cancel
Esc
Activate\Deactivate
F10
Activate\Deactivate menu bar
F10
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US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
menu bar mode
Māori
Command
Māori
Shortcut key
mode
Switch to the next
primary application
Alt+Tab
Switch to the next primary
application
Alt+Tab
Display next window
Alt+Esc
Display next window
Alt+Esc
Display pop-up menu
for the window
Alt+Spacebar
Display pop-up menu for the
window
Alt+Spacebar
Display pop-up menu
for the active child
window
Alt+-
Display pop-up menu for the
active child window
Alt+-
Display property sheet
for current selection
Alt+Enter
Display property sheet for current
selection
Alt+Enter
Close active
application window
Alt+F4
Close active application window
Alt+F4
Switch to next window
within (modelesscompliant) application
Alt+F6
Switch to next window within
(modeless-compliant) application
Alt+F6
Capture active window
image to the Clipboard
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Capture active window image to
the Clipboard
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Capture desktop
image to the Clipboard
Prnt Scrn
Capture desktop image to the
Clipboard
Prnt Scrn
Access Start button in
taskbar
Ctrl+Esc
Access Start button in taskbar
Ctrl+Esc
Display next child
window
Ctrl+F6
Display next child window
Ctrl+F6
Display next tabbed
pane
Ctrl+Tab
Display next tabbed pane
Ctrl+Tab
Launch Task Manager
and system
initialisation
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
Launch Task Manager and
system initialisation
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
File Menu
File New
Ctrl+N
File New
Ctrl+N
File Open
Ctrl+O
File Open
Ctrl+O
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US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Māori
Command
Māori
Shortcut key
File Close
Ctrl+F4
File Close
Ctrl+F4
File Save
Ctrl+S
File Save
Ctrl+S
File Save as
F12
File Save as
F12
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
File Print
Ctrl+P
File Print
Ctrl+P
File Exit
Alt+F4
File Exit
Alt+F4
Edit Menu
Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
Help Menu
Help
F1
Help
F1
Font Format
Italic
Ctrl+I
Italic
Ctrl+I
Bold
Ctrl+G
Bold
Ctrl+G
Underlined\Word
underline
Ctrl+U
Underlined\Word underline
Ctrl+U
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Paragraph Format
Centered
Ctrl+E
Centered
Ctrl+E
45
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Māori
Command
Māori
Shortcut key
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
Justified
Ctrl+J
Justified
Ctrl+J
Document Translation Considerations
Document localisation may require some specific considerations that are different from software localisation. This
section covers a few of these areas.
Titles
In English the titles for chapters usually begin with "How to …" or with phrases such as "Working with …" or
"Using …". In the Māori version of Microsoft documentation, use ―(+) Me pēhea …‖ or ―(+) Te whakamahi i …‖ .
Copyright
Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from
which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.
For information on how to deal with product, feature and component names, please refer to the section
Applications, Products, and Features.
Here are some examples of aspects on legal information and copyright which need to be taken into
account:




Competitions offered legally in the United States may be illegal in other countries
The privacy laws and rules for storing personal information on Web sites vary from country to country
Check if the following aspects need to be modified or deleted for your market: prices, special offers, product
support services/offers, postal or email addresses, telephone numbers, accessibility services and competitive
comparisons
Each web page must contain the copyright statement using the correct calendar year - in Māori: "©2011
Microsoft Corporation. Kua rāhuitia ngā tika katoa."
For Copyright and Trademark symbols, their ANSI codes, and their Microsoft standard names please refer to the
section Special Characters.
Disclaimer: Please note that the information provided in this section is for general information only.
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