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CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 2 New England Colonies 1640 ut R iv er Abenaki Connectic Teach Creating a New England • Why do you think Rhode Island tolerated all Christian denominations and Judaism? (Its founders believed in the principle of religious tolerance for all.) • Causes and Effects What democratic traditions did New England settlers establish? (Towns and churches were self-governing; Puritan men elected the Massachusetts governor and legislature; voting rights were expanded in two states.) New England Colonies 1640 Connect Geography History KEY QUESTION What did the New England colonies have in common? MAINE ( p a r t o f M a s s. ) 44°N NEW HAMPSHIRE Portland (1632) Penn aco N E W ok S Exeter (1638) Reader, Recorder, Reporter t se MASSACHUSETTS u ch B AY Boston (1630) sa AT L A N T I C OCEAN By the 1650s, settlers had fanned out across New England, bringing their beliefs, religious disagreements, and political traditions with them. Although a number of colonies were established throughout the region, the New England colonies had much in common. M as Providence (1636) W a ot Pequ egan New England Foundations Many New England settlers came from the densely-populated eastern counties of Cape Cod PLYMOUTH CONNECTICUT England. They were used to living in Narragansett towns and established similar settle68°W RHODE New Haven ISLAND ments in America. Most New England (1638) English settlements, 1640 settlers were also religious dissenters 0 25 50 miles Modern state borders who disagreed with the practices of 0 25 50 kilometers Pequot Native Americans both the Catholic and the Anglican 72°W churches. The New England population was mainly Puritan, but had a large Connect Geography History numbers of other Protestant groups 1. Place Why did the colonies grow mainly north-south? such as Quakers, Separatists, Baptists, 2. Make Inferences Why did most early settlements develop and other dissenters in Rhode Island. along rivers and the coast? Most New England settlers came from the middle ranks of English society. Many were highly skilled and educated. As they were wealthier than most of the early settlers in the South, they were able to pay their own way across the Atlantic. Few were forced to become indentured servants, who sold their freedom in exchange for passage to America. Unlike the first Jamestown colonists, who were mostly young men, the Puritans traveled in “companies” with their families, friends, and neighbors. Mo h • What economic advantage did many New England settlers have over early settlers in the South? (Many New England settlers were affluent and were able to pay their own way across the Atlantic.) Creating a New England m ag no pa Plymouth (1620) 42°N Questions About an Established Church In all the New England colo- COMPARE AND CONTRAST Have students compare this map with the map on page 69 and describe the extent of settlement it shows. (The area of settlement doubled.) nies, settlers were aware that they were creating new societies in what was, for them, a new world. It is not surprising that they often argued about what direction these new societies should take. A major argument revolved around a single question: should each colony have one, dominant, “established” church, funded by the taxpayer? In Europe, each national government supported only one established religious group. Other groups might face persecution from the religious group in power. When the Puritans set up their society in Massachusetts, their church became the only established church in the colony. Other New England colonies were also dominated by Puritans, who tolerated some Christian groups but persecuted others. Only Rhode Island tolerated all Christian denominations, as well as Judaism. ANSWERS 1. Place They expanded along the coast. 2. Make Inferences In a land without roads, settlements along coasts and rivers allowed settlers to travel and stay in communication by boat. 72 Chapter 3 CONNECT to the Essential Question How did the experience of the early colonists shape America’s political and social ideals? Ask students what they have learned so far that can help them answer this question. Students might mention: • Dissenters spoke out for religious freedom and established colonies. • The Quakers challenged Puritan laws. • Churches and towns governed themselves, and voting rights were extended. 72 • Chapter 3 DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION: TIERED ACTIVITIES OBJECTIVE Debate the question: Did the New England colonists believe in freedom and democracy? Basic Have students reread from the beginning of the section, looking for facts showing the attitude of colonists toward freedom and democracy. Have them list facts in a table, then form two teams and debate the question. On Level Help students develop working definitions of freedom and democracy. Have students use their definitions to evaluate the facts listed in the section. Then have them form two teams and debate the question. Challenge Have students write notes about the relationship between the New England colonists’ ideas about freedom and democracy and the fact that many colonies had one dominant, “established” church. Then have them form two teams and debate the question. CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 2 Democratic Traditions Throughout the New England colonies, settlers established democratic practices and self-government. Colonists wove democratic practices into both their local government and their church life. More About . . . • The Congregational churches of the Puritans were self-governing. • In Massachusetts, Puritan men elected the governor and the legislature. • Voting rights were expanded in Massachusetts and Connecticut. • In the New England countryside, towns controlled their own affairs. Because of this democratic tradition in the region, the New England town meeting became a symbol of local self-government. At a time when very few Europeans had the right to vote, New England became famous for its democratic practices. During these early decades of settlement, Massachusetts had the largest population and the greatest influence in the region. Its democratic political trends, its religious beliefs, and the conflicts of its early years influenced the course of American history. COMPARE AND CONTRAST Describe the features that the New England colonies had in common. Town Meetings The town meeting is a form of local selfgovernment established by the earliest English colonists in New England and still used there today. The term has specific meanings in New England: it can refer to an event at which the town’s eligible voters gather, or it can refer to an entity—the legislative body of a town. Increasingly, the term has been applied to any gathering of people who meet with a political candidate or official to discuss topics of interest. A modern town meeting Answer: Many settlers in the New England colonies came from the same part of England. They were mainly Puritans who came from the middle ranks of English society. Democratic practices and self-government were features of the New England colonies. 4 Assess & Reteach Assess Have students complete the Section Assessment. ONLINE QUIZ 2 Section Assessment TERMS & NAMES 1. Explain the importance of • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Pilgrims • Anne Hutchinson • Mayflower • Fundamental Orders Compact of Connecticut • Puritans • Quakers • Great Migration USING YOUR READING NOTES 2. Causes and Effects Complete the diagram that you started at the beginning of this section. Cause Unit 2 Resource Book • Section Quiz, p. 52 For test practice, go to Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com Effect Pilgrims settled in America. KEY IDEAS 3. Why did the Puritans leave England? 4. Why was Rhode Island founded? 5. In what ways were New England settlers different from the settlers of Jamestown? Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com Power Presentations Test Generator CRITICAL THINKING 6. Analyze Point of View Why was religious tolerance an important issue for the early settlers? 7. Make Generalizations How did the Puritans weave democracy into their political and religious life? 8. Reteach Divide students into five groups. Have each group focus on one of the section’s main headings and: • find the main idea of the text under the heading Connect to Today What modern American values might be familiar to a 17th-century Puritan? • find at least two supporting details 9. Writing Research Report Mary Dyer broke Puritan laws by returning to Massachusetts. This was an act of civil disobedience. Write a paper about other historical figures who used this form of protest. Have a volunteer from each group write this information on the board, under the heading. Unit 2 Resource Book • Reteaching Activity, p. 56 The English Establish 13 Colonies 73 SECTION 2 ASSESSMENT ANSWERS Terms & Names 1. John Winthrop, p. 67; Pilgrims, p. 68; Mayflower Compact, p. 68; Puritans, p. 68; Great Migration, p. 68; Roger Williams, p. 70; Anne Hutchinson, p. 70; Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, p. 71; Quakers, p. 71 Using Your Reading Notes 2. Cause—Separatists wanted religious freedom. Key Ideas 3. The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England and faced persecution there. 4. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island to establish religious tolerance. 5. They generally were prosperous, educated, and skilled, unlike most of Jamestown’s settlers. Critical Thinking 6. Many settlers had left England because they were being persecuted. In the colonies, many settlers did not want to pay taxes to support a church to which they did not belong. 7. Each congregation chose its minister; male church members elected representatives; Puritans gathered in town meetings. 8. He or she might recognize modern America’s work ethic, high regard for education, and representative government. 9. Reports should discuss civil disobedience and use a historical figure as an example. Use the rubric to score students’ reports. Research Report Rubric Content Accuracy 4 excellent; well organized, supported by research no errors 3 good; organized, evidence of research few/minor errors 2 fair; disorganized, little evidence several of research errors 1 poor; disorganized, no evidence of research many errors Teacher’s Edition • 73