Download Ch. 3.2 Part 3

CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 2
New England Colonies 1640
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Abenaki
Connectic
Teach
Creating a New England
• Why do you think Rhode Island tolerated all
Christian denominations and Judaism? (Its
founders believed in the principle of religious
tolerance for all.)
• Causes and Effects What democratic
traditions did New England settlers establish?
(Towns and churches were self-governing;
Puritan men elected the Massachusetts
governor and legislature; voting rights were
expanded in two states.)
New England Colonies 1640
Connect Geography
History
KEY QUESTION What did the New
England colonies have in common?
MAINE
( p a r t o f M a s s. )
44°N
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
Portland
(1632)
Penn
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W
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Exeter (1638)
Reader, Recorder, Reporter
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MASSACHUSETTS
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B AY
Boston (1630)
sa
AT L A N T I C
OCEAN
By the 1650s, settlers had fanned
out across New England, bringing
their beliefs, religious disagreements,
and political traditions with them.
Although a number of colonies were
established throughout the region, the
New England colonies had much in
common.
M
as
Providence
(1636)
W
a
ot
Pequ
egan
New England Foundations Many
New England settlers came from the
densely-populated eastern counties of
Cape Cod
PLYMOUTH
CONNECTICUT
England. They were used to living in
Narragansett
towns and established similar settle68°W
RHODE
New Haven
ISLAND
ments in America. Most New England
(1638)
English settlements, 1640
settlers were also religious dissenters
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50 miles
Modern state borders
who disagreed with the practices of
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Pequot Native Americans
both the Catholic and the Anglican
72°W
churches. The New England population was mainly Puritan, but had a large
Connect Geography
History
numbers of other Protestant groups
1. Place Why did the colonies grow mainly north-south?
such as Quakers, Separatists, Baptists,
2. Make Inferences Why did most early settlements develop
and other dissenters in Rhode Island.
along rivers and the coast?
Most New England settlers came
from the middle ranks of English
society. Many were highly skilled and educated. As they were wealthier than
most of the early settlers in the South, they were able to pay their own way
across the Atlantic. Few were forced to become indentured servants, who sold
their freedom in exchange for passage to America. Unlike the first Jamestown
colonists, who were mostly young men, the Puritans traveled in “companies”
with their families, friends, and neighbors.
Mo h
• What economic advantage did many New
England settlers have over early settlers in
the South? (Many New England settlers were
affluent and were able to pay their own way
across the Atlantic.)
Creating a New England
m
ag
no
pa
Plymouth (1620)
42°N
Questions About an Established Church In all the New England colo-
COMPARE AND CONTRAST Have students
compare this map with the map on page 69
and describe the extent of settlement it shows.
(The area of settlement doubled.)
nies, settlers were aware that they were creating new societies in what was,
for them, a new world. It is not surprising that they often argued about what
direction these new societies should take.
A major argument revolved around a single question: should each colony
have one, dominant, “established” church, funded by the taxpayer? In Europe,
each national government supported only one established religious group.
Other groups might face persecution from the religious group in power.
When the Puritans set up their society in Massachusetts, their church became
the only established church in the colony. Other New England colonies were also
dominated by Puritans, who tolerated some Christian groups but persecuted
others. Only Rhode Island tolerated all Christian denominations, as well
as Judaism.
ANSWERS
1. Place They expanded along the coast.
2. Make Inferences In a land without roads,
settlements along coasts and rivers allowed
settlers to travel and stay in communication
by boat.
72 Chapter 3
CONNECT
to the Essential Question
How did the experience of the early
colonists shape America’s political and
social ideals?
Ask students what they have learned so far
that can help them answer this question.
Students might mention:
• Dissenters spoke out for religious
freedom and established colonies.
• The Quakers challenged Puritan laws.
• Churches and towns governed themselves,
and voting rights were extended.
72 • Chapter 3
DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION: TIERED ACTIVITIES
OBJECTIVE Debate the question: Did the New England colonists believe in freedom and
democracy?
Basic
Have students reread from
the beginning of the section,
looking for facts showing the
attitude of colonists toward
freedom and democracy.
Have them list facts in a
table, then form two teams
and debate the question.
On Level
Help students develop
working definitions of
freedom and democracy.
Have students use their
definitions to evaluate the
facts listed in the section.
Then have them form two
teams and debate the
question.
Challenge
Have students write notes
about the relationship
between the New England
colonists’ ideas about
freedom and democracy
and the fact that many
colonies had one dominant,
“established” church. Then
have them form two teams
and debate the question.
CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 2
Democratic Traditions Throughout
the New England colonies, settlers
established democratic practices and
self-government. Colonists wove democratic practices into both their local
government and their church life.
More About . . .
• The Congregational churches of
the Puritans were self-governing.
• In Massachusetts, Puritan men
elected the governor and the
legislature.
• Voting rights were expanded in Massachusetts and Connecticut.
• In the New England countryside, towns controlled their own affairs.
Because of this democratic tradition in the region, the New England town
meeting became a symbol of local self-government. At a time when very
few Europeans had the right to vote, New England became famous for its
democratic practices.
During these early decades of settlement, Massachusetts had the largest
population and the greatest influence in the region. Its democratic political
trends, its religious beliefs, and the conflicts of its early years influenced the
course of American history.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST Describe the features that the New England
colonies had in common.
Town Meetings
The town meeting is a form of local selfgovernment established by the earliest
English colonists in New England and still
used there today. The term has specific
meanings in New England: it can refer to
an event at which the town’s eligible voters
gather, or it can refer to an entity—the
legislative body of a town. Increasingly, the
term has been applied to any gathering of
people who meet with a political candidate
or official to discuss topics of interest.
A modern town meeting
Answer: Many settlers in
the New England colonies
came from the same part
of England. They were
mainly Puritans who
came from the middle
ranks of English society.
Democratic practices and
self-government were
features of the New
England colonies.
4
Assess & Reteach
Assess Have students complete the Section
Assessment.
ONLINE QUIZ
2
Section Assessment
TERMS & NAMES
1. Explain the importance of
• John Winthrop
• Roger Williams
• Pilgrims
• Anne Hutchinson
• Mayflower
• Fundamental Orders
Compact
of Connecticut
• Puritans
• Quakers
• Great Migration
USING YOUR READING NOTES
2. Causes and Effects Complete the diagram that
you started at the beginning of this section.
Cause
Unit 2 Resource Book
• Section Quiz, p. 52
For test practice, go to
Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com
Effect
Pilgrims settled in
America.
KEY IDEAS
3. Why did the Puritans leave England?
4. Why was Rhode Island founded?
5. In what ways were New England settlers different
from the settlers of Jamestown?
Interactive Review
@ ClassZone.com
Power Presentations
Test Generator
CRITICAL THINKING
6. Analyze Point of View Why was religious
tolerance an important issue for the early settlers?
7. Make Generalizations How did the Puritans
weave democracy into their political and religious
life?
8.
Reteach Divide students into five groups. Have
each group focus on one of the section’s main
headings and:
• find the main idea of the text under the
heading
Connect to Today What modern American
values might be familiar to a 17th-century Puritan?
• find at least two supporting details
9. Writing Research Report Mary Dyer broke
Puritan laws by returning to Massachusetts. This was
an act of civil disobedience. Write a paper about
other historical figures who used this form of protest.
Have a volunteer from each group write this
information on the board, under the heading.
Unit 2 Resource Book
• Reteaching Activity, p. 56
The English Establish 13 Colonies 73
SECTION 2 ASSESSMENT ANSWERS
Terms & Names
1. John Winthrop, p. 67; Pilgrims, p. 68;
Mayflower Compact, p. 68; Puritans, p. 68;
Great Migration, p. 68; Roger Williams, p. 70;
Anne Hutchinson, p. 70; Fundamental Orders
of Connecticut, p. 71; Quakers, p. 71
Using Your Reading Notes
2. Cause—Separatists wanted religious freedom.
Key Ideas
3. The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of
England and faced persecution there.
4. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island to
establish religious tolerance.
5. They generally were prosperous, educated, and
skilled, unlike most of Jamestown’s settlers.
Critical Thinking
6. Many settlers had left England because they
were being persecuted. In the colonies, many
settlers did not want to pay taxes to support a
church to which they did not belong.
7. Each congregation chose its minister; male
church members elected representatives;
Puritans gathered in town meetings.
8. He or she might recognize modern America’s
work ethic, high regard for education, and
representative government.
9. Reports should discuss civil disobedience and
use a historical figure as an example. Use the
rubric to score students’ reports.
Research Report Rubric
Content
Accuracy
4
excellent; well organized,
supported by research
no errors
3
good; organized, evidence of
research
few/minor
errors
2
fair; disorganized, little evidence several
of research
errors
1
poor; disorganized, no evidence
of research
many
errors
Teacher’s Edition • 73