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Endocrine Web Practice
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____
1. Blood-sugar level is controlled by the antagonistic hormones insulin and glucagon.
_________________________
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2. The pituitary gland regulates hunger and thirst. _________________________
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3. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced and released in response to low levels of iodine.
_________________________
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4. Antidiuretic hormone causes the muscles of the uterus to contract during childbirth.
_________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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5. Which of the following is true of hormones?
a. They are chemicals that stimulate nerve cells during times of stress.
b. They are the same as electrical nerve impulses.
c. They are released into the bloodstream or the fluid around cells.
d. They are neurons along which messages travel.
____
6. Hormones function so well to maintain homeostasis mainly because
a. the chemical reactions they cause occur in brain cells.
b. the body requires them for digesting food.
c. they cause specific responses in specific cells.
d. they act faster than nerve impulses.
____
7. Nearly instantaneous responses to changes in the environment
a. are impossible.
b. result from activation of the endocrine system.
c. involve the activity of the nervous system.
d. require messages from the pituitary gland.
____
8. When an amino-acid-based hormone acts on a target cell, the hormone
a. binds to a receptor in the cytoplasm of the cell.
b. passes through the cell membrane.
c. eventually results in the activation of a second messenger.
d. is ultimately converted to a steroid.
____
9. Because steroid hormones are fat soluble, they
a. attach only to fat receptor molecules.
b. cannot enter the target cell.
c. activate only fat cells.
d. pass through the cell membranes of their target cells.
____ 10. Which of the following is not true of hormones produced by the pituitary gland?
a.
b.
c.
d.
They are regulated by secretions from the hypothalamus.
They control the activity of other endocrine glands.
They affect many different organs and tissues in the body.
They are the primary regulators of metabolic rate.
____ 11. Until recently, the pituitary gland was called the “master gland.” Which of the following is most likely the
reason that this name is no longer used?
a. It was recently discovered that the pituitary gland does not actually do anything.
b. The hypothalamus is responsible for controlling the activity of the pituitary gland.
c. The pituitary gland controls the hypothalamus, which in turn controls the other glands.
d. Hormones of the other endocrine glands of the body activate the pituitary gland.
____ 12. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. oxytocin—uterus
b. antidiuretic hormone—kidneys
c. parathyroid hormone—bones
d. insulin—hypothalamus
____ 13. The body’s normal metabolic rate is regulated by
a. thyroid hormones.
c. metaboloxin.
b. epinephrine.
d. prolactin.
____ 14. When the level of calcium in the blood drops, the
a. person should immediately drink at least two eight-ounce glasses of milk.
b. parathyroid glands secrete a hormone that causes bone to release calcium into the blood.
c. thyroid gland releases calcium into the blood.
d. pancreas releases insulin, which causes the cells to absorb glucose from the blood.
____ 15. Excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland is the cause of the disease called
a. hypothyroidism.
c. hyperthyroidism.
b. seasonal affective disorder.
d. gigantism.
____ 16. An enlarged thyroid can result from a lack of
a. iodine.
b. insulin.
c. vasopressin.
d. sodium ions.
____ 17. The pancreas is responsible for
a. production of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
b. making hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.
c. regulating calcium levels in the blood and in the bones.
d. controlling the amount of iodine that reaches the thyroid gland.
____ 18. The body’s daily sleep cycle is regulated by
a. melatonin.
b. parathyroid hormone.
c. oxytocin.
d. glucagon.
____ 19. Refer to the diagram above. The pituitary gland is indicated by gland
a. A.
c. C.
b. B.
d. D.
____ 20. Refer to the diagram above. Growth hormone is produced by gland
a. A.
c. C.
b. B.
d. D.
____ 21. Refer to the diagram above. The gland that produces the hormone insulin is gland
a. A.
c. C.
b. B.
d. D.
____ 22. A thermostat is a good example of a(an)
a. hormone-receptor complex.
b. feedback system.
c. prostaglandin.
d. exocrine gland.
____ 23. Which gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?
a. parathyroid
c. pituitary
b. hypothalamus
d. adrenal
____ 24. Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?
a. They are produced by endocrine glands.
b. They are modified amino acids, peptides, or steroid molecules.
c. They are carried by the circulatory system.
d. They are used to communicate between different organisms.
e. They elicit specific biological responses from target cells.
____ 25. The secretion of hormone A causes a change in the amount of protein X in an organism. If this mechanism
works by positive feedback, which of the following statements represents that fact?
a. An increase in A produces an increase in X.
b. An increase in X produces a decrease in A.
c. A decrease in A produces an increase in X.
d. A and B are correct.
e. B and C are correct.
____ 26. If a person drinks a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from water toxicity.
ADH can help prevent water retention through interaction with target cells in the
a. anterior pituitary.
b. posterior pituitary.
c. adrenal gland.
d. bladder.
e. kidney.
____ 27. Which of the following is an endocrine gland?
a. parathyroid gland
b. salivary gland
c. sweat gland
d. sebaceous gland
e. gallbladder
____ 28. Which hormone exerts antagonistic action to PTH (parathyroid hormone)?
a. thyroxine
b. epinephrine
c. growth hormone
d. calcitonin
e. glucagon
Short Answer
29. What is a hormone?
30. Why does a hormone affect only a target cell?
Essay
31. Differentiate between negative and positive feedback with respect to control of hormones.
Endocrine Web Practice
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T
OBJ: 39.1.5
2. ANS: F, hypothalamus
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
3. ANS: F, calcium
DIF: II
OBJ: 39.2.1
PTS: 1
4. ANS: F, Oxytocin
DIF: II
OBJ: 39.2.2
DIF: II
OBJ: 39.2.4
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PTS: 1
DIF:
II
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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C
C
C
C
D
D
B
D
A
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C
A
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B
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D
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A
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A
D
SHORT ANSWER
1
1
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I
OBJ: 39.1.1
III
OBJ: 39.1.1
II
OBJ: 39.1.1
II
OBJ: 39.1.4
II
OBJ: 39.1.4
III
OBJ: 39.2.1
III
OBJ: 39.2.1
III
OBJ: 39.2.1
I
OBJ: 39.2.2
II
OBJ: 39.2.2
I
OBJ: 39.2.2
II
OBJ: 39.2.2
II
OBJ: 39.2.2
I
OBJ: 39.2.2
II
OBJ: 39.2.1
II
OBJ: 39.2.1
II
OBJ: 39.2.2
p. 1000
p. 1006
Concept 45.1 | Concept 45.4
Concept 45.1
Concept 45.3
Concept 45.4
Concept 45.4
29. ANS:
A hormone is a substance that is produced in one part of the body but causes changes in another part of the
body.
PTS: 1
DIF: II
OBJ: 39.1.1
30. ANS:
Only target cells have receptors that bind the hormone.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
OBJ: 39.1.3
ESSAY
31. ANS:
In positive feedback, high levels of a hormone stimulate the output of even more hormone. In negative
feedback, a change in one direction of the amount of a hormone stimulates the control mechanism to
counteract any further change in the same direction.
PTS: 1
DIF: III
OBJ: 39.2.4