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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
1. Define digestion. ______________________ __________________________________________ 2. Label the diagram of the digestive system. 3. Shade in the parts of the digestive system that food actually passes through. 4. Define alimentary canal. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 5. Define accessory glands. ______________________________________ _______________________________________ Accessory Glands Alimentary Canal 6. Complete the chart. List all parts of the digestive system. The Mouth: Did you know? Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body. 7. What role do you think your teeth play in digestion? _________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is bolus? _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. List the functions of saliva. _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Try the cracker test. Take one unsalted cracker; place it in your mouth and chew, chew, chew. Compare the taste before and after chewing 10. What enzyme is responsible for this change of taste and what does it do? _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. Summarize the events that go on in the mouth. 12. What happens when you swallow, to channel bolus down the proper channel? ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The Esophagus: Did you know? The esophagus is approximately 25 cm long. 13. What is peristalsis? _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The Stomach: Did you know? Your stomach is J – shaped. It can hold 2 – 4 litres of food. It secretes 2 -3 litres of digestive fluids in a normal 24 hour period. Only proteins are broken down here. 14. The lining of the stomach contains 2 glands. State the two glands and their function. A) _________________: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ B) _________________: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 15. The pH of the stomach is usually 1.5 – 2.5. HCl kills those nasty bacteria lurking there. If the stomach itself is large protein, why doesn’t it digest itself? __________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 16. What does a person suffer from if it does digest itself? _______________________ 17. What is chyme? ___________________________________________________________ 18. Pepsin is secreted in an inactive form called _______________, but when mixed with HCl, the _______________ becomes activated and breaks down large protein molecules. 19. What is the function of? A) Cardiac sphincter _______________________________ _______________________________ B) Pyloric sphincter _______________________________ _______________________________ The Small Intestine: Did you know? The small intestine is 2.5 cm in diameter but is approximately 6m in length. Total surface area is equal to 300m2, the size of a tennis court. The gall bladder and appendix are notorious trouble makers. 20. What are the two main functions of the small intestine? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 21. What does chyme mix with in the small intestines? _________________________ , ______________________________ and ______________________________ 22. Along with digestive juices in the wall of the small intestine itself, two glands add their contribution. What are these two glands and how do they aid in digestion? A) _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ B) _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 23. Bile is made in the ______________ , but stored in the _______________________ 24. Explain the role of bile as an emulsifier. _____________________ ______________________________________________________________ 25. Observe the diagram of the magnified interior of the small intestine. Why is the lining folded with villi and microvilli? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 26. Explain how nutrients are moved across the intestinal wall and ultimately to all the cells in the body. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 27. List the structural features that the small intestines have that increase the surface area which is idea for absorption. _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The Large Intestine: Did you know? The large intestine is 6 – 7cm in diameter, but only 1.5m in length. 28. What are the two main functions of the large intestines? A) _____________________________________________________________________ B) _____________________________________________________________________ Conclusion Digestion involves a mechanical and chemical process. Complete the following chart. Digestive Organ Mouth Esophagous Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Major Mechanical Actions Major Chemical Actions