Download File - Lincoln Elementary 4th Grade

LESSON
2.4
Estimate Products
FOCUS
COHERENCE
RIGOR
LESSON AT A GLANCE
F C R Focus:
Common Core State Standards
4.NBT.B.5 Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit
whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies
based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the
calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. MP6 Attend to precision. MP7 Look
for and make use of structure. MP8 Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
F C R Coherence:
Standards Across the Grades
Before
Grade 4 After
3.OA.A.3 4.NBT.B.5 5.NBT.B.5
F C R Rigor:
Level 1: Understand Concepts....................Share and Show (
Checked Items)
Level 2: Procedural Skills and Fluency.......On Your Own
Level 3: Applications..................................Think Smarter and Go Deeper
Learning Objective
Estimate products by rounding and determine
if exact answers to multiplication problems are
reasonable.
Language Objective
Students offer advice on how to determine if
exact answers are reasonable when estimating
products by rounding.
Materials
MathBoard
F C R For more about how GO Math! fosters Coherence
within the Content Standards and Mathematical Progressions
for this chapter, see page 61J.
About the Math
Professional Development
Why Teach This
One way to determine if an answer is reasonable is to use
operation sense. If we multiply two 2-digit whole numbers
and get a 2-digit product, we know that is not reasonable
because the product must be greater than two digits.
Another way is to use estimation. In this lesson, students
use different estimation strategies to decide if an answer
is reasonable. Some students will check their work by
reworking the computation, but most students won’t
check their work at all. Teaching them to use estimation
will help them find their mistakes.
This is particularly important when students are using
calculators. Knowing that calculators don’t make mistakes,
some students accept the calculator’s answer even if it
is unreasonable. They often forget that they can make
inputting mistakes. Estimating to check for reasonableness
will benefit these students.
Professional Development Videos
81A
Chapter 2
Interactive Student Edition
Personal Math Trainer
Math on the Spot
Animated Math Models
iTools: Number Lines
Daily
Daily Routines
Routines
Common
Common Core
Core
Problem of the Day 2.4
Tia and her mom paid $12 for a child’s
ticket and an adult ticket to attend a flower
show. An adult ticket cost 2 times as much
as a child’s ticket. How much was an adult
ticket? $8
Vocabulary
• Interactive Student Edition
• Multimedia eGlossary
Fluency Builder
Common Core Fluency
Standard 4.NBT.A.3
Round Whole Numbers Have students round
each number to the place value that is
underlined.
354 400
442 400
8,499 8,000
2,956 3,000
5,694 5,690
747 750
2,956 3,000
849 800
322 320
1 ENGAGE
with the Interactive Student Edition
Essential Question
How can you estimate products by rounding and
determine if exact answers are reasonable?
Making Connections
Invite students to tell you what they know about estimating.
What does it mean to estimate? to come up with an approximate
number or calculation What are examples of when you estimate every
day? Possible answers: Shopping, time to complete homework, number
of people in a room Why is estimation a helpful tool? Estimation lets
you get an approximate idea for a value without (or before) calculating the
exact value.
Learning Activity
Connect the story to the problem.
• There were how many customers in the last hour? 8 customers
• How many gallons of gas did each customer buy? 25 gallons
• Is 200 gallons a reasonable answer? Explain. Yes; possible
explanation: I can round the greater factor, 25, to 30 and multiply 8
times 3 tens = 24 tens, or 240. So, 200 is a reasonable answer.
Literacy and Mathematics
Choose one or more of the following activities.
• Have students restate the problem in their own words and identify
details they will need to solve it.
• Have students explain which details in the problem lead them to
conclude that multiplication should be used to solve it.
How can you estimate
products by rounding
and determine i f exact
answers are reasonable?
Lesson 2.4 81B
LESSON
2.4
2 EXPLORE
4.NBT.B.5 Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers,
DO
NOT
EDIT--Changes
made
“File info”
using
strategies
based onmust
placebevalue
andthrough
the properties
of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations,
CorrectionKey=B
rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
Unlock the Problem
Estimate Products
ELL Strategy:
Unlock
Unlock the
the Problem
Problem
Illustrate
Understanding
An elephant can reach as high as 23 feet with
its trunk. It uses its trunk to pick up objects that
weigh up to 3 times as much as a
165-pound person. About how much weight can
an African elephant pick up with its trunk?
Place students with partners. Write on the
board trunk and feed. Say, Both of these
words–trunk and feed–have two meanings.
•Have students draw a picture to show
understanding of each word in context.
STEP 1 Round the greater
One Way
MP4 Model with mathematics. Discuss with
students different ways that they can multiply
3 × 200 to find the estimated product.
• How can you draw a quick picture to
multiply 3 ∙ 200? I can draw three rows of squares
Cross out the information
you will not use.
•
•
Circle the numbers you will use.
How will you use the numbers
to solve the problem?
Estimate 3 × 165.
STEP 2 Use mental math.
factor to the nearest hundred.
Think: 3 × 200 = 3 × 2 hundreds
3 × 165
= 6 hundreds
↓
600
=_
3 × 200
So, an African elephant can pick up about 600 pounds
with its trunk.
Another Way Estimate by finding two numbers the
exact answer is between.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (cr) ©Stockbyte/Getty Images
Point out that since the question begins with
the word about, the answer to this problem
should be an estimate, not an exact answer.
•
One Way Estimate by rounding.
•Students should differentiate between trunk
as an elephant’s trunk and a chest, and
feed as animal food and a verb, “feeding
animals.”
Possible answer: no, that is one reason that this is an
estimation problem.
Number and Operations in Base
Ten—4.NBT.B.5 Also 4.NBT.A.3
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP1, MP6, MP7
Essential Question How can you estimate products by rounding and
determine if exact answers are reasonable?
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP6 Attend to precision.
• Do you think all African elephants can lift
the same number of pounds? Explain. Lesson 2.4
Name
3 × 165
3 × 165
↓
300
3 × 100 = _
↓
600
3 × 200 = _
Think: 165 is between
100 and 200. Use
those numbers to
estimate.
An African elephant is
the largest living land
mammal.
So, the African elephant can pick up between 300 and 600 pounds.
greater than
1. Is 200 less than or greater than 165? ____
2. So, would the product of 3 and 165 be less than or
less than
__
greater than 600? _____
600; possible explanation: 165 is closer
to 200 than to 100, so the exact answer is
closer to 3 × 200 than 3 × 100.
Math
Talk
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 6
Compare Is the exact
answer closer to 300 or
600? Why?
with two squares in each row.
Chapter 2 81
• How can you use a number line to multiply
3 ∙ 200? I can mark the number line with tick marks
of 200, start at 0, and skip count by 200 three times.
Another Way
Explain that the maximum and minimum
numbers produced by rounding to the next
higher hundred and the next lower hundred
represent a range of possible estimates.
MP7 Look for and make use of structure.
• How could you use the Associative ­Property
to multiply 3 ∙ 200?
3 × (2 × 100) = (3 × 2) × 100 = 6 × 100 = 600
Math
Talk
Use Math Talk to help students
compare the estimate and the
exact answer without actually calculating the
exact answer.
4_MNLESE342194_C02L04.indd 81
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Reteach 2.4
2
Lesson 2.4
Reteach
Lesson 2.4
Enrich
Name Estimate Products
Find the Unknown Factors
Choose two factors from the box to make the estimated product.
You may use the factors more than once.
You can use rounding to estimate products.
Round the greater factor. Then use mental math to estimate the product.
3
5
9
126
6 3 95
Step 1 Round 95 to the nearest ten.
95 rounds to 100.
Step 2 Use patterns and mental math.
63156
6 3 10 5 60
1. 1,800
6 3 100 5 600
3. 5,000
3
5
624
957


624
957
2. 500
4. 900
5

126
9

126
Find two numbers the exact answer is between.
7 3 759
Step 1 Estimate by rounding to the lesser
hundred.
Step 2 Estimate by rounding to the
greater hundred.
Think: 7 3 7 5 49
7 3 70 5 490
7 3 700 5 4,900
7 3 759
7 3 759
7 3 700 5 4,900
7 3 800 5 5,600
Think: 7 3 8 5 56
7 3 80 5 560
7 3 800 5 5,600
5. 1,800
7. 3,200
6
8
Possible estimates are
given. 3. 4 3 703
Estimate the product by rounding.
3 316
2. 5
1,800
4. 3
3 558
1,500 and
1,800
Chapter Resources
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
4_MNLEAN343078_C02R04.indd 11
7
6
899
3 29
2,800
150
5. 7
3 252
6. 8
9. 30,000
11. 9,000
Possible estimates
are given.
1,400 and
2,100
2-11
273
 435

3 361
2,400 and
3,200
Reteach
5
3
273
6. 6,300
8. 2,100
5
6,149
3,044
3
8,756
6,149 3,044 

10. 6,000
12. 45,000
7
7
2
5



899
273
3,044
8,756

13. Stretch Your Thinking
Twofactorshaveanestimatedproduct
of10,000.Oneofthesefactorsisasingledigit.Whattwofactorscould
theybe?Explainyourthinking.
Possible answers: 5  1,951, 2  5,328,
1  9,845; they can be any two factors that
round to 5  2,000, 2  5,000, or 1  10,000
so the estimated product equals 10,000.
Chapter Resources
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
11/13/14 9:51 AM
435
2
So, the product is between 4,900 and 5,600.
1. 6
8
Estimate the product by finding two numbers
the exact answer is between.
81 Chapter 2
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through "File info"
CorrectionKey=A
1
Name Differentiated
Instruction
Enrich 2.4
3
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through "File info"
CorrectionKey=B
4_MNLEAN343078_C02E04.indd 12
2-12
Enrich
2/12/14 2:21 PM
Describe Reasonableness
Explain that using estimation is one way of
checking that an answer is reasonable.
Describe Reasonableness You can estimate a product
to find whether an exact answer is reasonable.
One Way
Guide students to round the greater factor.
• Why do you multiply 4 × 90? Possible answer:
Tell whether an exact answer is reasonable.
Eva’s horse eats 86 pounds each week. Eva solved
the equation below to find how much feed she needs
for 4 weeks.
4 × 90 will give you an estimate. If 344 is close to the
estimate, 344 is reasonable.
4 × 86 = ■
Another Way
Eva says she needs 344 pounds of feed.
Is her answer reasonable?
Let students know that they can round to
the nearest higher and lower ten to find two
numbers that the exact answer is between.
• Where does the factor 80 come from? The
One Way Estimate.
4 × 86
Think: Round to the nearest ten.
360
90 = _
4
_
×_
factor 82 is rounded to the lower ten, or 80.
• How do you know that the actual answer
is between the two products you found?
344 is close to 360.
Another Way Find two numbers the exact answer
Possible answer: the factor 86 is between 80 and 90.
4 × 86
4 × 86
320
80 = _
4
_
×_
4
360
90 = _
_
×_
344 is between _
360 .
320 and _
_
So, 344 pounds of feed is reasonable.
Share
Share and
and Show
Sh
Math
Talk
MATH
BOARD
1. Estimate the product by rounding.
5 × 2,213
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 6
How do you know that an
exact answer of 11,065 is
reasonable? Explain.
2,000 = _
10,000
5
_
×_
Yes. Possible explanation: 11,065 is
close to the estimate of 10,000. The
2. Estimate the product by finding two numbers
exact answer should be between 5 ×
the exact answer is between.
2,000 = 10,000 and 5 × 3,000 = 15,000.
5 × 2,213
5 × 2,213 11,065 is between 10,000 and 15,000.
10,000
5
2,000 = _
_
×_
5
15,000
3,000 = _
_
×_
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (tr) ©David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./Alamy Images
is between.
3 EXPLAIN
Share and Show
MATH
M
A
TH
ATH
TH
BOARD
B
Hands
On
The first problem connects to the learning
model.
Math
Talk
Use Math Talk to focus on
students’ understanding of using
an estimate to check an exact answer for
reasonableness.
• How do the results of rounding show that
11,065 is reasonable? 11,065 is close to 10,000.
• How do the results of finding a range show
that 11,065 is reasonable? 11,065 is between
82
10,000 and 15,000.
Advanced Learners
COMMON ERRORS
Visual
Partners
Materials 5 index cards and a bag for each pair
Error Students may write the incorrect
• Write 400, 600, 700, 800, and 900 on index cards.
number of zeros when they multiply
multiples of ten.
• Have each pair of students pull a
card and then work together to
write multiplication sentences
that equal the estimated product.
Challenge students to write as many
sentences as possible in 1 minute.
Example: Estimated product 800
205
789
395
×4
×1
×2
400
00
0
600
0
Example For Exercise 1, students find
5 × 2,000 = 100,000.
80
800
900
7700
Springboard to Learning Have students
use words to describe the multiplication
expression five groups of two thousand .
Have students ask themselves if their product
makes sense. For example, “Does it make
sense that five groups of two thousand is
equal to a hundred thousand?”
Lesson 2.4
82
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info”
CorrectionKey=A
Name
Use the checked exercises for Quick Check.
Students should show their answers for the
Quick Check on the MathBoard.
3. Kira needs to make color copies of a horse
4. Jones Elementary is having a car wash to
show flyer. The printer can make
24 copies in 1 minute. Kira says the printer
makes 114 copies in 6 minutes.
raise money for a community horse trail.
Each car wash ticket costs $8. Tiara
says the school will receive $1,000 if
125 tickets are sold.
Possible explanation: the answer is not
Possible explanation: the answer is
reasonable because it is not between
reasonable because $1,000 is between
the estimates of 120 and 180.
the estimates of $800 and $1,600.
Rt I
If
If
a student misses the checked
exercises
Then
Differentiate Instruction with
• Reteach 2.4
• Personal Math Trainer 4.NBT.B.5
• RtI Tier 1 Activity (online)
On Your Own On
On Your
Your Own
Own
Tell whether the exact answer is reasonable.
5.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (tr) ©David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./Alamy Images
Quick Check
3
3
2
2
1
1
Tell whether the exact answer is reasonable.
If students complete the checked exercises
correctly, they may continue.
MP1 Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
• How can you tell whether the exact answer
in Exercise 5 is reasonable? Possible answer:
SMARTER
For Exercise 8, students should look at the
answer choices to help them determine
the estimation strategy they should use.
Recognizing that all answer choices are
multiples of 100, they will need to round 265
to the greater hundred and also to the lesser
hundred to determine a range of numbers
between 600 (3 × 200) and 900 (3 × 300).
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Round $58 to $60 and multiply 3 × $60.
7.
MATHEMATICAL
1 Evaluate Reasonableness
PRACTICE
Mrs. Hense sells a roll of coastal Bermuda
horse hay for $58. She says she will make
$174 if she sells 3 rolls.
riding gloves sells for $16. He says he will
make $144 if he sells 9 pairs.
Possible explanation: the answer is
Possible explanation: the answer is
reasonable because 174 is close to the
reasonable because it is between the
estimate of 180.
estimates of $90 and $180.
DEEPER
Path A and Path B are walking
paths used for horses. Path A is 118 feet
long. Path B is 180 feet long. Carlos walks his
horse down each path 3 times. Which
path did Carlos use to walk his horse
about 500 feet? Explain.
Path B; possible explanation:
I rounded 118 to 100 and multiplied by
3; 100 × 3 = 300. I then rounded 180 to
200 and multiplied by 3; 200 × 3 = 600.
8.
SMARTER
Students in the third grade
sell 265 tickets to the school play. Students
in the fourth grade sell 3 times as many
tickets as the third grade students. Estimate
the number of tickets the fourth grade
students sold by finding the two numbers
the exact answer is between.
The students sold between
0
300
300
600
and
tickets.
600
900
800
1,200
500 is closer to the estimate of 600 than
it is to the estimate of 300.
4_MNLESE342194_C02L04.indd 83
83 Chapter 2
6. Mr. Brown sells horse supplies. A pair of
Chapter 2 • Lesson 4
83
3/11/14 6:17 PM
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES .0%&-t3&"40/tM",&4&/4&
4 ELABORATE
Make Predictions
As you read a story, you make predictions about what might
happen next or about how the story will end.
Connect to Reading
When you solve a math problem, you make predictions about
what your answer might be.
When students estimate before they solve
a problem, they are using information from
the problem and prior knowledge to make
a prediction.
An estimate is a prediction because it helps you to determine
whether your answer is correct. For some problems, it is
helpful to make two estimates—one that is less than the
exact answer and one that is greater.
SMARTER
Predict whether the exact answer will be less
than or greater than the estimate. Explain your answer.
9.
• In Exercise 9, why is the exact answer
less than Jeremy’s estimate? Possible answer:
SMARTER
The food stand at the zoo sold 2,514 pounds
of hamburger last month. The average cost of a pound of
hamburger is $2. Jeremy estimates that about $6,000 worth
of hamburger was sold last month.
he rounded 2,514 up to 3,000, so $6,000 is an
overestimate.
Less than; the actual amount of hamburger sold is
486 pounds less than the estimated amount of 3,000
WRITE
Math on the Spot
Video Tutor
Math t Show Your Work
10.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (t) ©Ross Armstrong/Alamy;
the estimate.
DEEPER
A zoo bought 2,240 pounds of fresh food for the
bears this month. The average cost of a pound of food is $4.
Jeremy estimates that about $8,000 was spent on fresh food
for the bears this month.
Greater than; the actual amount of food bought for
the bears this month was 240 pounds greater than
the estimated amount of 2,000 pounds. So, the exact
answer will be greater than the estimate.
(bc) ©Hogne Haug/Alamy; (tc) ©Wim van den Heever/Getty Images; (b) ©Comstock/Getty Images
pounds. So, the exact answer will be less than
Use this video to help students model and
solve this type of Think Smarter problem.
Math on the Spot videos are in the Interactive
Student Edition and at www.thinkcentral.com.
DEEPER
• In Exercise 10, why is the exact answer
greater than Jeremy’s estimate? Possible
answer: he rounded 2,240 down to 2,000.
• When you estimate before solving a
problem, what are you predicting? Possible
answers: the number of places in the answer, a
reasonable answer
84
5 EVALUATE Formative
Assessment
DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION
D
INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES
Activities
Product Power
Using the Language Objective
Reflect Have students offer advice to
answer the Essential Question.
How can you estimate products by rounding
and determine if exact answers are
reasonable? One way is to round the greater factor
Differentiated Centers Kit
Activities
What’s My Fact?
Essential Question
Literature
Tickle My Memory
to the nearest higher place and then multiply using
mental math.
Math Journal
WRITE
Math
Describe a real-life multiplication situation
for which an estimate makes sense.
Students complete
purple Activity
Card 3 by guessing
a factor pair when
given a product.
Students complete
purple Activity Card
5 by multiplying
multi-digit numbers
by single-digit
numbers.
Students read the
book and learn
poems and jokes
to remember
multiplication and
division facts.
Lesson 2.4
84
Practice and Homework
Lesson 2.4
Name
Estimate Products
COMMON CORE STANDARD—4.NBT.B.5
Use place value understanding and properties of
operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Possible estimates are given.
Estimate the product by rounding.
Practice and Homework
1. 4 × 472
4 3 472
Use the Practice and Homework pages to
provide students with more practice of the
concepts and skills presented in this lesson.
Students master their understanding as they
complete practice items and then challenge
their critical thinking skills with Problem
Solving. Use the Write Math section to
determine student’s understanding of content
for this lesson. Encourage students to use their
Math Journals to record their answers.
2. 2 × 6,254
3. 9 × 54
4. 5 × 5,503
4 3 500
2,000
12,000
450
30,000
Find two numbers the exact answer is between.
5. 3 × 567
6. 6 × 7,381
1,500 and 1,800
42,000 and 48,000
7. 4 × 94
360 and 400
8. 8 × 684
4,800 and 5,600
Problem
Problem Solving
Solving
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
9. Isaac drinks 8 glasses of water each
11.
10. Most Americans throw away about
day. He says he will drink 2,920 glasses of
water in a year that has 365 days. Is the exact
answer reasonable? Explain.
1,365 pounds of trash each year. Is it
reasonable to estimate that Americans
throw away over 10,000 pounds of trash
in 5 years? Explain.
Yes. Possible explanation: it is reasonable
No. Possible explanation: a reasonable
because it’s between the estimates of 2,400
estimate is between 5,000 and
and 3,200.
10,000 pounds.
Math Describe a real-life multiplication situation
WRITE
for which an estimate makes sense.
Check students’ work.
Chapter 2
85
Chapter 2
85
Lesson Check (4.NBT.B.5)
1. A theater has 4,650 seats. If the theater sells
all the tickets for each of its 5 shows, about
how many tickets will the theater sell?
2. Washington Elementary has 4,358 students.
Jefferson High School has 3 times as many
students as Washington Elementary. About
how many students does Jefferson High
School have?
25,000 tickets
Continue concepts and skills practice with
Lesson Check. Use Spiral Review to engage
students in previously taught concepts and
to promote content retention. Common Core
standards are correlated to each section.
12,000 students
Spiral Review (4.OA.A.1, 4.NBT.A.3, 4.NBT.B.4, 4.NBT.B.5)
baseballs as Melanie has. Diego has
24 autographed baseballs. How many
autographed baseballs does Melanie have?
4. Mr. Turkowski bought 4 boxes of envelopes
at the office supply store. Each box has 500
envelopes. How many envelopes did Mr.
Turkowski buy?
6 baseballs
5. Pennsylvania has a land area of
44,816 square miles. What is the land area
of Pennsylvania rounded to the nearest
hundred?
44,800 square miles
2,000 envelopes
6. The table shows the types of DVDs
customers rented from Sunshine Movie
Rentals last year.
Movie Rentals
Type
Number Rented
Comedy
6,720
Drama
4,032
Action
5,540
How many comedy and action movies were
rented last year?
12,260 movies
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
3. Diego has 4 times as many autographed
FOR MORE PRACTICE
GO TO THE
86
Personal Math Trainer
Lesson 2.4
86