Download Schizoid Personality Disorder

Ch. 18 Section 7: Personality Disorders
Obj: Distinguish personality disorders from other psychological disorders.
Personality disorders are patterns of inflexible _________________ that disrupt
social life or work and/or distress the affected individual. They usually show up by
______________ adolescence and affect all aspects of the individual’s
personality, including thought processes, emotions, and behavior.
It is important to note the distinction between personality disorders and other
psychological disorders that they may resemble. Psychological disorders, such as
schizophrenia or phobic disorder, for example, are episodes of illness that an
individual experiences. They can be distinguished from the individual’s personality.
In contrast, personality disorders are enduring traits that are major components of
the individual’s ____________________________.
Antisocial personality disorder is the only personality disorder for which there are
data on prevalence. The estimates as to the number of affected individuals vary
widely – from less than 1 percent to almost 10 percent.
Types of Personality Disorders
_____________________ Personality Disorder – People with paranoid
personality disorder tend to be distrustful and suspicious of others and to interpret
others’ motives as harmful or ___________. They tend to perceive other people’s
behavior as threatening or insulting, even when it is not. They are difficult to get
along with – __________________________, yet cold and aloof. Not surprisingly,
these people often lead isolated lives.
Unlike individuals with paranoid schizophrenia, people with paranoid personality
disorder are not ___________________ about reality. However, their view of
reality is __________________, and they are unlikely to see their mistrust and
suspicions as unfounded or ___________________.
Schizoid Personality Disorder – People with ________________ personality
disorder have no interest in relationships with other people. They also lack normal
emotional responsiveness. They do not have tender feeling for, or become
_____________________ to, other people. Thus, people with schizoid
personalities tend to be loners, with few if any friends.
These symptoms are similar to some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Unlike
people with schizophrenia, however, people with schizoid personality disorder do
not have ____________________ or hallucinations. They stay in touch with
reality.
Antisocial Personality Disorder – People with antisocial personality disorder
show a ___________________ behavior pattern of disregard for, and violation of,
the rights of others. Typically, they do not feel guilt or remorse for their antisocial
behaviors, and they continue the behaviors despite the threat of social rejection
and punishment.
In childhood and early adolescence, a person with antisocial personality disorder
may run away from home, hurt other people or ______________, lie, or steal. In
adulthood, the person may be aggressive and reckless, have a hard time holding a
job, fail to pay bills and debts, or break the _________.
Explaining Personality Disorders
Most personality disorders were not classified until _________, with the publication
of the third edition of the DSM. However, the _______________ of personality
disorders is not new, and both psychological and biological theories have been
suggested to explain certain _____________ of personality disorders.
Psychological Views – Freud’s psychoanalytic theory regarding the antisocial
personality type states that a lack of ____________ underlies the antisocial
personality. This lack of guilt is due to a problem in the development of the
conscience, or __________________. Research has found that children who are
rejected by adults and harshly punished rather than treated with ______________
tend to lack a sense of guilt.
Some learning theorists have suggested that childhood experiences “teach”
children how to _______________ to other people. If children are not reinforced
for good behavior and only receive attention when they behave badly, they may
learn ______________________ behaviors. Such behaviors may persist into
adulthood. Other learning theorists maintain that antisocial personality disorder
develops when a child lacks appropriate ___________ models and when the role
models they encounter act aggressively.
___________________ theorists have argued that antisocial adolescents tend to
see other people’s behavior as ______________________, even when it is not.
They use this _______________ interpretation of other people’s actions to justify
their own antisocial behavior.
Biological Views – ________________ factors are apparently involved in some
personality disorders. For example, antisocial personality disorder tends to run in
________________. ______________ studies reveal higher incidence of
antisocial behavior among the biological parents than among the adoptive relatives
of individuals with the disorder.
The genetics of antisocial personal disorder may involve the ________________
part of the brain, an area that is connected with emotional responses. There is
some evidence that people with antisocial personality disorder have fewer
________________ in the frontal part of the brain than other people. The fewer
neurons could make the nervous system less responsive. As a result, such people
would be less likely to show _____________ for their misdeeds and to learn to
fear punishment. But a biological factor is unlikely by itself to cause the
development of an antisocial personality.